Derivatives and Optimization
Existence of the derivative
Differentiable Function
Differentiable Function
y
x
Differentiable Function
y
x
Differentiable Function
y
x
Differentiable Function
y
For a function to be differentiable at a
point:
The derivative has to exist for that point
x
Differentiable Function
y
For a function to be differentiable at a
point:
The derivative has to exist for that point
x
Differentiable Function
y
For a function to be differentiable at a
point:
The derivative has to exist for that point
x
Differentiable Function
y
For a function to be differentiable at a
point:
The derivative has to exist for that point
x
Differentiable Function
y
For a function to be differentiable at a
point:
The derivative has to exist for that point
x
Differentiable Function
y
For a function to be differentiable at a
point:
The derivative has to exist for that point
x
Differentiable Function
y
For a function to be differentiable at a
point:
The derivative has to exist for that point
For a function to be differentiable at an
interval:
The derivative has to exist for every point in
x
the interval
Non Differentiable Functions
Non Differentiable Functions
y
x
Non Differentiable Functions
y
f(x) = | x |
x
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6
7

Non Differentiable Functions
y
The absolute value function.
{−x, if x < 0
f(x) = | x | x, if x ≥ 0
f(x) =
x
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6
7


Non Differentiable Functions
y
The absolute value function.
{−x, if x < 0
f(x) = | x | x, if x ≥ 0
f(x) =
x
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6
7


Non Differentiable Functions
y
The absolute value function.
{−x, if x < 0
f(x) = | x | x, if x ≥ 0
f(x) =
x
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6
7


Non Differentiable Functions
y
The absolute value function.
{−x, if x < 0
f(x) = | x | x, if x ≥ 0
f(x) =
x
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6
7


Non Differentiable Functions
y
The absolute value function.
f(x) = | x |
x
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6
7

Non Differentiable Functions
y
The absolute value function.
f(x) = | x |
x
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6
7

Non Differentiable Functions
y
The absolute value function.
f(x) = | x |
At x = 0, the derivative does not exist
x
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6
7

Non Differentiable Functions
y
The absolute value function.
{−x, if x < 0
f(x) = | x | x, if x ≥ 0
f(x) =
At x = 0, the derivative does not exist
x Generally, when a function has a corner or a
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6
cusp, the function is not differentiable at that
7
point.


Non Differentiable Functions - Quiz 1
Non Differentiable Functions - Quiz 1
y
x
Non Differentiable Functions - Quiz 1
y
x
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Non Differentiable Functions - Quiz 1
y
At which point in this function does the
derivative not exist?
x
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Non Differentiable Functions - Quiz 1
y
At which point in this function does the
derivative not exist?
x
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Non Differentiable Functions - Quiz 1
y
At which point in this function does the
derivative not exist?
x
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Non Differentiable Functions - Quiz 1
y
At which point in this function does the
derivative not exist?
The entire function is non-differentiable
because a derivative does not exist for all
x points in the domain.
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Non Differentiable Functions - Quiz 1
y
At which point in this function does the
derivative not exist?
The entire function is non-differentiable
because a derivative does not exist for all
x points in the domain.
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Non Differentiable Functions - Quiz 1
y
At which point in this function does the
derivative not exist?
The entire function is non-differentiable
because a derivative does not exist for all
x points in the domain.
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Non Differentiable Functions - Quiz 1
y
At which point in this function does the
derivative not exist?
The entire function is non-differentiable
because a derivative does not exist for all
x points in the domain.
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Non Differentiable Functions - Quiz 2
Non Differentiable Functions - Quiz 2
y
x
Non Differentiable Functions - Quiz 2
y
x
-1
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Non Differentiable Functions - Quiz 2
y
8
At which point in this function does the
7
derivative not exist?
6
x
-1
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Non Differentiable Functions
y
x
-1
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Non Differentiable Functions
y
4 y=2
3
x
-1
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Non Differentiable Functions
y
4 y=2 y = x+1
3
x
-1
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Non Differentiable Functions
y
This is a piece-wise function.
8
{x + 1, if x ≥ − 1
7
2, if x < − 1
6 f(x) =
5
4 y=2 y = x+1
3
x
-1
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Non Differentiable Functions
y
This is a piece-wise function.
8
{x + 1, if x ≥ − 1
7
2, if x < − 1
6 f(x) =
5
4 y=2 y = x+1
3
Jump Discontinuity
2
x
-1
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Non Differentiable Functions
y
This is a piece-wise function.
8
{x + 1, if x ≥ − 1
7
2, if x < − 1
6 f(x) =
5
4 y=2 y = x+1
3
Jump Discontinuity
2
x
-1
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Non Differentiable Functions
y
This is a piece-wise function.
8
{x + 1, if x ≥ − 1
7
2, if x < − 1
6 f(x) =
5
4 y=2 y = x+1
3
Jump Discontinuity
2
1
The graph of the function does not appear to
x
be continuous
-1
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Non Differentiable Functions
y
This is a piece-wise function.
8
{x + 1, if x ≥ − 1
7
2, if x < − 1
6 f(x) =
5
A jump
4 y=2 y = x+1
3
Jump Discontinuity
2
1
The graph of the function does not appear to
x
be continuous
-1
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Non Differentiable Functions
y
This is a piece-wise function.
8
{x + 1, if x ≥ − 1
7
2, if x < − 1
6 f(x) =
5
A jump
4 y=2 y = x+1
3
Jump Discontinuity
2
1
The graph of the function does not appear to
x
be continuous
-1
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Non Differentiable Functions
y
This is a piece-wise function.
8
{x + 1, if x ≥ − 1
7
2, if x < − 1
6 f(x) =
5
A jump
4 y=2 y = x+1
3
Jump Discontinuity
2
1
The graph of the function does not appear to
x
be continuous
-1
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Non Differentiable Functions
y
This is a piece-wise function.
8
{x + 1, if x ≥ − 1
7
2, if x < − 1
6 f(x) =
5
A jump
4 y=2 y = x+1
3
Jump Discontinuity
2
1
The graph of the function does not appear to
x
be continuous
-1
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Non Differentiable Functions
y
This is a piece-wise function.
8
{x + 1, if x ≥ − 1
7
2, if x < − 1
6 f(x) =
5
A jump
4 y=2 y = x+1
3
Jump Discontinuity
2
1
The graph of the function does not appear to
x
be continuous
-1
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Non Differentiable Functions
Non Differentiable Functions
y
-1
-1 1
Non Differentiable Functions
y
1
f(x) = x 3
-1
-1 1

Non Differentiable Functions
y
1
f(x) = x 3
-1
-1 1

Non Differentiable Functions
y
1 Vertical tangents
1
f(x) = x 3
-1
-1 1

Non Differentiable Functions
y
1 Vertical tangents
At x = 0, this graph has a tangent line that
runs straight up parallel to the y-axis
x
1
f(x) = x 3
-1
-1 1

Recap: Non-Differentiable Functions
Recap: Non-Differentiable Functions
Recap: Non-Differentiable Functions
Recap: Non-Differentiable Functions
Recap: Non-Differentiable Functions
Corners/Cusps
Recap: Non-Differentiable Functions
Corners/Cusps Jump Discontinuity
Recap: Non-Differentiable Functions
Corners/Cusps Jump Discontinuity Vertical tangents
