RIEVIEW EXERCISES

PART A: ALGEBRA
1. Let 𝐴 and 𝐵 be matrices
1 2 −3 2 4 −2
𝐴 = (2 −1 4 ) , 𝐵 = (1 −2 1)
1 𝑚 2 3 −1 −3
a) Find the matrix 2𝐴 + 3𝐵 𝑇
b) Find the matrix 𝐴𝐵
c) Show that 𝐵 is nonsingular
d) Find all values of 𝑚 such that 𝐴 is invertible and calculate det (3𝐴−1 )
e) Calculate det(2𝐵 2 𝐵𝑇 ).
f) Calculate the determinant of the adjoint matrix of 𝐵
2. Let 𝐴 and 𝐵 be matrices
1 3 0 1
1 2 1 −3
2 −1 𝑚 2
𝐴 = (4 −1 −2 2) 𝐵 = ( )
3 1 0 −1
3 −5 1 1
1 2 −1 4
a) Find the elements on the 3th column of the matrix 𝐵𝐴𝑇
b) Find the cofactor of the element on the 3th rows and 2th columns of 𝐵
c) Calculate the determinant of 𝐵
d) Find the element on the 2th row and 3th column of the adjoint matrix of 𝐵
e) Find all values of 𝑚 such that 𝐵 is invertible and find the element on the 2th row and 3th column
of 𝐵 −1
f) If 𝐴 is non-singular, calculate det(𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐴)) and det(2𝐴−1 ).
g) Calculate det(2𝐴3 𝐴𝑇 ).
h) Find the solution set of the system of linear equations represented by the aumented matrix 𝐴.
3. Given a system of linear equations
𝑥1 − 2𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 = 1
{2𝑥1 + 4𝑥2 − 5𝑥3 = −3
−3𝑥1 − 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 = 0
a) Write the system in the form 𝐴𝑋 = 𝐵 and solve it by using an inverse matrix
b) Use Cramer’s Rule to solve the system.
4. For any square matrix 𝐴 satisfying the 𝐴2 − 5𝐴 = 𝐼 (where 𝐼 is the the identify matrix)
a) Show that 𝐴 is nonsingular
b) Find the invere matrix of 𝐴
5. A square matrix is called orthogonal if its inverse matrix is equal to its transpose matrix. Prove that
the determinant of an orthogonal matrix has a value of 1 or −1.
6. Suppose A is a matrix with 𝑚 rows and 𝑛 columns that satisfies the condition 𝐴 = −𝐴𝑇 .
 a) Show that 𝐴 is a square matrix
b) Suppose 𝑚 = 𝑛 = 5, prove that 𝐴 is non-invertible.
7. An economy has three sectors with the input requirements below:
a) To produce $1.0 worth of output, sector 𝐴 requires $0.3 of its own product, $0.2 of sector 𝐵’s
product and $0.2 if sector 𝐶’s product.
b) To produce $1.0 worth of output, sector 𝐵 requires $0.4 of its own product, $0.2 of sector 𝐴’s
product and $0.3 of sector 𝐶’s product.
c) To produce $1.0 worth of output, sector 𝐶 requires $0.2 of its own product, $0.4 of sector 𝐴’s
product and $0.2 of sector 𝐶’s product.
Find D, the input-output matrix for this system. Then solve for the output matrix X in the equation X
= DX + E, where E is the external demand matrix:
20,000
𝐸 = (30,000)
50,000
8. Suppose 𝐴 is a 3 × 3 matrix that satisfies the condition det(𝐴) = 2. Calculate det(𝐴−1 + 2𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐴)).
9. Suppose that 𝐴 is a square matrix satisfies 𝐴2 − 4𝐴 − 3𝐼 = 𝑂. Prove that 𝐼 − 2𝐴 is invertible and
find the inverse of 𝐼 − 2𝐴.

PART B: CALCULUS
Derivatives and the rate of change
1. Find the derivative of the functions as follows:
a) 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1)𝑒 2𝑥
𝑥
b) 𝑦 =
√3−2𝑥

c) 𝑦 = (2𝑥 − 1)2 (3 − 𝑥)3

2. Find the derivative 𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑥 of the implicit functions:
a) 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥𝑦 = 3𝑦 2
b) 𝑥𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 𝑦
3. Find the slope of the tangent line to the curve
a) 𝑦 = (3√𝑥 + 𝑥)(2 − 𝑥 2 ) at the point where 𝑥 = 1
𝑥2 1
b) 𝑦 = 1+𝑥 at the point (1; 2)

c) 𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 = 1 at the point (2; 1)

4. Find an equation of the tangent line to the curve
a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 at the point (0; 0)
b) 𝑦 = √1 + 𝑥 3 at the point (2; 3)
c) 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 3 = 2𝑥 at the point (1; −1)
5. Find the second derivative of the functions
1
a) 𝑦 = 4 𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3 + 5
 b) 𝑦 = (3𝑥 − 2)𝑒 −𝑥
6. It is estimated that 𝑡 years from now, the circulation of a local newspaper will be C(t) = 100t 2 +
400t + 5,000. At what rate will the circulation be changing with respect to time 5 years from
now? Will the circulation be increasing or decreasing at that time?
7. A study indicates that spending money on pollution control is effective up to a point but
eventually becomes wasteful. Suppose it is known that when x million dollars is spent on
controlling pollution, the percentage of pollution removed is given by
100√𝑥
𝑃(𝑥) =
0.03𝑥 2 + 9
At what rate is the percentage of pollution removal P(x) changing when 16 million dollars
is spent? Is the percentage increasing or decreasing at this level of expenditure?
8. It is estimated that 𝑡 years from now, the population of a certain suburban community will be
6
𝑝(𝑡) = 20 − 𝑡+1 thousand. An environmental study indicates that the average daily level of
carbon monoxide in the air will be 𝑐(𝑝) = 0.5√𝑝2 + 𝑝 + 58 parts per million when the
population is p thousand.
a. At what rate will the level of carbon monoxide be changing with respect to population when
the population is 18 thousand people?
b. At what rate will the carbon monoxide level be changing with respect to time 2 years from
now? Will the level be increasing or decreasingat this time?
Applications of derivatives in Mathematics
1. Find the intervals of increase and decrease for the given functions:
1
a) 𝑦 = 3 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 5
𝑥 2 −24
b) 𝑦 = 𝑥−5
1−𝑥
c) 𝑦 =
𝑒 4𝑥
2
d) 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 (𝑥 − 3)
2. Determine the critical numbers of the given function and classify each critical point as a relative
maximum, a relative minnimum, or others
a) 𝑦 = 3𝑥 4 − 8𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 + 1
b) 𝑦 = 𝑥√9 − 𝑥
𝑥
c) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 +1

d) 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑒 2𝑥
3. Find the absolute maximum and the absolute minimum value of the function 𝑓 on the given
interval
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 5, [−3; 5]
1
b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑥 , [1; 4]

c) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥𝑒 𝑥/2 , [−3; 1]

 4. Find the intervals on which 𝑓 is concave upward or concave downward and find the inflection
points of the function 𝑓
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 3
b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥(𝑥 + 4)3
c) 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 2 + 1

Opptimizations
1. Paula Perkins, the owner of Paula’s Perfume Shoppe, expects to sell 800 bottles of a certain brand
of perfume this year. The perfume costs $20 per bottle, the ordering fee is $10 per shipment, and
the cost of storing the perfume is 40 cents per bottle per year. The perfume is sold at a constant
rate throughout the year, and each shipment arrives just as the preceding shipment is being used
up. How many bottles should Paula order in each shipment to minimize total cost?
2. A manufacturing firm has received an order to make 400,000 souvenir medals. The firm owns
20 machines, each of which can produce 200 medals per hour. The cost of setting up the machines
to produce the medals is $80 per machine, and the total operating cost is $5.76 per hour. How
many machines should be used to minimize the cost of producing the 400,000 medals?
3. A university is trying to determine what price to charge for tickets to football games. At a
price of $18 per ticket, attendance averages 40,000 people per game. Every decrease of $3 adds
10,000 people to the average number. Every person at the game spends an average of $4.50 on
concessions. What price per ticket should be charged in order to maximize revenue? How many
people will attend at that price?
4. A box with a square base and open top must have a volume of 32,000 cm3. Find the dimensions
of the box that minimize the amount of material used.
5. Farmers can get $8 per bushel for their potatoes on July 1, and after that, the price drops by 8
cents per bushel per day. On July 1, a farmer has 80 bushels of potatoes in the field and estimates
that the crop is increasing at the rate of 1 bushel per day. When should the farmer harvest the
potatoes to maximize revenue?
6. A baseball team plays in a stadium that seats 55,000 spectators. With ticket prices at $10, the
average attendance had been 27,000. When ticket prices were lowered to $8, the average
attendance rose to 33,000.
(a) Find the demand function, assuming that it is linear.
(b) How should ticket prices be set to maximize revenue?
Marginal Analysis and Differentials
1. It is estimated that the weekly output at a certain plant is 𝑄(𝑥) = 50𝑥 2 + 9,000𝑥 units, where x
is the number of workers employed at the plant. Currently there are 30 workers employed at the
plant.
a. Use calculus to estimate the change in the weekly output that will result from the addition of
1 worker to the force.
b. Compute the actual change in output that will result from the addition of 1 worker.
1. The output 𝑄 at a certain factory is related to inputs x and y by the equation 𝑄 = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥𝑦 2 +
2𝑦 3 . If the current levels of input are 𝑥 = 10 and 𝑦 = 20, use calculus to estimate the change in
 input y that should be made to offset an increase of 0.5 in input x so that output will be maintained
at its current level.
2. The output at a certain factory is 𝑄(𝐿) = 600𝐿2/3 units, where 𝐿 is the size of the labor force.
The manufacturer wishes to increase output by 1%. Use calculus to estimate the percentage
increase in labor that will be required.
3. The level of air pollution in a certain city is proportional to the square of the population. Use
calculus to estimate the percentage by which the air pollution level will increase if the population
increases by 5%.
4. At a certain factory, the daily output is 𝑄(𝐿) = 20,000𝐿1/2 units, where L denotes the size of the
labor force measured in worker-hours. Currently 900 worker-hours of labor are used each day.
Use calculus to estimate the effect on output that will be produced if the labor force is cut to 885
worker-hours.
5. Use differentials to estimate the amount of paint needed to apply a coat of paint 0.05 cm thick to
a hemispherical dome with diameter 50 m.
6. The radius of a circular disk is given as 24 cm with a maximum error in measurement of 0.2 cm.
(a) Use differentials to estimate the maximum error in the calculated area of the disk.
(b) What is the relative error and the percentage error?
Related Rates
1. When the price of a certain commodity is 𝑝 dollars per unit, consumers demand 𝑥 hundred units
of the commodity, where 75𝑥 2 + 17𝑝2 = 5,300. How fast is the demand 𝑥 changing with
respect to time when the price is $7 and is decreasing at the rate of 75 cents per months?
2. A child is flying a kite at a height of 80 feet above her hand. If the kite moves horizontally at a
constant speed of 5 ft/sec, at what rate is string being paid out when the string is 100 feet long?
3. A 10-foot-long ladder leans against the side of a wall. The top of the ladder is sliding down the
wall at the rate of 3 ft/sec. How fast is the foot of the ladder moving away from the building
when the top is 6 feet above the ground?
4. The length of a rectangle is increasing at a rate of 8 cmys and its width is increasing at a rate of
3 cmys. When the length is 20 cm and the width is 10 cm, how fast is the area of the rectangle
increasing?
5. At a certain factory, output is given by 𝑄 = 60𝐾 1/3 𝐿2/3 units, where K is the capital investment
(in thousands of dollars) and L is the size of the labor force, measured in worker-hours. If output
is kept constant, at what rate is capital investment changing at a time when 𝐾 = 8, 𝐿 = 1,000,
and L is increasing at the rate of 25 worker-hours per week?
6. Water is leaking out of an inverted conical tank at a rate of 10,000 cm3ymin at the same time
that water is being pumped into the tank at a constant rate. The tank has height 6 m and the
diameter at the top is 4 m. If the water level is rising at a rate of 20 cmymin when the height of
the water is 2 m, find the rate at which water is being pumped into the tank.
7. A man starts walking north at 4 ftys from a point P. Five minutes later a woman starts walking
south at 5 ftys from a point 500 ft due east of P. At what rate are the people moving apart 15 min
after the woman starts walking?
Integration
1. Determine the indefinite integrals:
 a. ∫ 𝑥 2 (𝑥 3 − 1)7 𝑑𝑥
3
b. ∫ 7𝑥 √1 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
c. ∫ 𝑥(ln 𝑥)2

d. ∫ 𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
ln 𝑥
e. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2

f. ∫ 𝑥(𝑥 + 1)8 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
g. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥+2

2. Evaluate the definite integrals

1 𝑥2
a. ∫0 (𝑥 3 +1)2
𝑑𝑥
1
2 𝑒𝑥
b. ∫1 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑒
c. ∫1 (2𝑥 + 1) ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑥
d. ∫0 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 2𝑥

3. Evaluate the given improper integral or show that it diverges

+∞ 1
a. ∫2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 ln 𝑥
+∞
b. ∫1 ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0 1
c. ∫−∞ (2𝑥−1)2 𝑑𝑥
+∞ 𝑥
d. ∫−∞ (𝑥 2 +1)3/2
𝑑𝑥

Applications of Integration
1. The demand and supply functions of a particular commodity are given 𝐷(𝑞) = 65 − 𝑞 2 and
1
𝑆(𝑞) = 3 𝑞 2 + 2𝑞 + 5. Find the consumers’ surplus and the producers’ surplus at equilibrium.

2. At age 35, Rochelle earns her MBA and accepts a position as vice president of an asphalt
company. Assume that she will retire at the age of 65, having received an annual salary of
$95,000, and that the interest rate is 6%, compounded continuously.
a. What is the accumulated present value of her position?
b. What is the accumulated future value of her position?
3. A group of entrepreneurs is considering the purchase of a fast-food franchise. Franchise A
predicts that it will bring in a constant revenue stream of $120,000 per year for 10 yr. Franchise
B predicts that it will bring in a constant revenue stream of $112,000 per year for 8 yr. Based on
a comparison of accumulated present values, which franchise is the better buy, assuming the
going interest rate is 7.4%, compounded continuously, and both franchises have the same
purchase price?
4. When she is 30, Sue starts making annual deposits of $2,000 into a bond fund that pays 8%
annual interest compounded continuously. Assuming that her deposits are made as a continuous
income flow, how much money will be in her account if she retires at age 55?
 5. Luisa, a $2 million state lottery winner, is given a $250,000 check now and a continuous income
flow at the rate of $200,000 per year for 10 years. If the prevailing rate of interest is 5% per year
compounded continuously, is this a good deal for Luisa or not? Explain.
6. What is the present value of an investment that will generate income continuously at a constant
rate of $1,000 per year for 10 years if the prevailing annual interest rate remains fixed at 7%
compounded continuously?
7. A bicycle manufacturer expects that x months from now consumers will be buying 5,000 bicycles
per month at the price of dollars per bicycle. What is the average revenue the manufacturer can
expect from the sale of the bicycles over the next 16 months?
8. Kevin spends $4,000 for an investment that generates a continuous income stream at the rate of
𝑓1 (𝑡) = 3,000 dollars per year. His friend, Molly, makes a separate investment that also
generates income continuously, but at a rate of 𝑓2 (𝑡) = 2,000𝑒 0.04𝑡 dollars per year.
The couple discovers that their investments have exactly the same net value over a 4-year period.
If the prevailing annual interest rate stays fixed at 5% compounded continuously, how much did
Molly pay for her investment?
9. It is estimated that t years from now, a certain investment will be generating income at the rate
of 𝑓(𝑡) = 8,000 + 400𝑡 dollars per year. If the income is generated in perpetuity and the
prevailing annual interest rate remains fixed at 5% compounded continuously, find the present
value of the investment.
Differential Equation
1. Solve the given initial value problem for 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥):
𝑑𝑦 𝑥+2
a. = 𝑥 2 +4𝑥+5 where 𝑦 = 3 when 𝑥 = −1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
b. = 𝑥 2 ln 𝑥 where 𝑦 = 0 when 𝑥 = 1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
c. = 𝑥𝑦𝑒 𝑥/2 where 𝑦 = 1 when 𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑒𝑦
d. = 𝑥𝑦, where 𝑦 = 0 when 𝑥 = 1
𝑑𝑥

2. Find the function whose tangent line has slope 𝑥 ln √𝑥 for each value of 𝑥 and whose graph
passes through the point (1; 5).
3. It is projected that 𝑡 years from now the population 𝑃(𝑡) of a certain city will be changing at the
rate of 𝑃 (𝑡) = 𝑡 ln √𝑡 + 1 thousand people per year. If the current population is 2 million, what
will the population be 5 years from now?
4. At a certain factory, the marginal cost is 6(𝑞 − 5)2 dollars per unit when the level of production
is q units. By how much will the total manufacturing cost increase if the level of production is
raised from 10 to 13 units?
5. It is estimated that 𝑥 weeks from now, the number of commuters using a new subway line will
be increasing at the rate of 18𝑥 2 + 500 per week. Currently, 8,000 commuters use the subway.
How many will be using it 5 weeks from now?
Several Variable Function
1. Find the partial derivative of the function
a) 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 ln(2 + 𝑦 2 )
 𝑥 2 −𝑦 2
b) 𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦) = 2𝑥+𝑦

2. Find the second partial derivative of the function

a) 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑦 3
b) 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥𝑒 2𝑦
3. Find all criticals points of the given function and use the second partials test to classify each as
a relative maximum, a relative minimum, or a saddle point
a) 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 14𝑦
b) 𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 2
c) ℎ(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 3 + 8𝑦 3 − 12𝑥𝑦
4. A company produces 𝑥 units of commodity A and 𝑦 units of commodity B. All the units can be
sold for 𝑝 = 100 − 𝑥 dollars per unit of A and 𝑞 = 100 − 𝑦 dollars per unit of B. The cost (in
dollars) of producing these units is given by the joint-cost function 𝐶(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 .
What should x and y be to maximize profit?
5. Use Lagrange multipliers to find the extreme values of the function:
a) 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥𝑦 subject to the constraint 𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 = 8
b) 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥𝑦 2 subject to the constraint 𝑥 + 𝑦 2 = 1
c) 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 subject to the constraint 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4
6. A manager has been allotted $8,000 to spend on the development and promotion of a new
product. It is estimated that if x thousand dollars are spent on development and y thousand dollars
on promotion, approximately 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 50𝑥1/2 𝑦 3/2
a. How much money should the manager allocate to development and how much to promotion
to maximize sales?
b. Suppose the manager is allotted an extra $1,000 for development and promotion. Use the
Lagrange multiplier to estimate the change in the maximum sales level.