Punjab Group of Colleges
PHALIA Campus
Introduction to ROBOTICS
Prepared by:
Nouman Haider Awan
Here we will first define the word MECHATRONICS
because robotics is a part of it.
MECHATRONICS:
The word Mechatronics is a combination of two terms:
Mechatronics Mecha (Mechanical) + Tronics (Electronics)
FINALLY
Mechatronics is branch of engineering through which a
mechanical system is controlled by electrically.
What is ROBOTICS?
Robotics is a branch of science which deals with robotics
developments, its operation and its control.
Development Operations Control
On the basis of Mechatronics definition and
robotics definition, Now we can define both of its
relation in a mathematical & diagrammatic form
Mathematical form:
Robotics is subset of Mechatronics
Robotics ⊆ Mechatronics
Diagrammtic form:
R
M refers to Mechatronics
R refers to Robotics
What is ROBOT?
Simple Definition:
Robot is machine or device which takes inputs from
surrounding and then performs tasks.
Complex Definition:
A robot is an autonomous system which
exists or interacts with the physical world,
and can sense, think and act to achieve some
goals.
Some Common Examples:
Industrial Robot Restaurant Robot Medical Robot
Components required for a typical robot:
A typical robot comprises of basic four components
1 Battery
2 Sensors
3 Actuators
3 Controller
1 Battery
❑ It gives power to operate robot’s internal circuit:
❑ Battery range could be in between from 3v – 12v
❑ Range of power depends upon robots structure
❑ Battery should be in optimum size
2 Sensors
❑ It Sense different types of signals from surroundings
❑ Signals acts a inputs for robot
❑ Robot takes actions depending upon inputs
❑ Sensor could be digital and analogue.
3 Actuators
❑ Actuators are actually motors
❑ It helps the robot in movement.
❑ Actuators could be wheels, legs and rollers.
❑ Most common actuators in typical robot are plastic tyres
4 Controller
❑ Controller is basically a circuitry board or chip
❑ It controls the motion of robot
❑ The controller take actions being programmed by
human.
❑ The controller we will use is Arduino Uno
Laws of ROBOTICS
A typical robot has four laws
Asimov also proposed his three "Laws of Robotics", and he later added a “zeroth law”.
Zeroth Law : A robot may not injure humanity, or,
through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.
First Law : A robot may not injure a human being,
or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to
harm, unless this would violate a higher order law
Laws of ROBOTICS
Second Law: A robot must obey orders given it by human
beings, except where such orders would conflict with a
higher order law
Third Law : A robot must protect its own existence as long
as such protection does not conflict with a higher order law
Different types of ROBOTS
Mobile Robots
Stationary Robots
Autonomous Robot
Remote Controlled Robot
Virtual Robot
Mobile Robots:
Mobile Robots are of two types
Rolling robots have wheels to move around.
They can quickly and easily search. However
they are only useful in flat areas.
Robots on legs are usually brought in when the
terrain is rocky. Most robots have at least 4 legs;
usually they have 6 or more.
Stationary Robots:
Static Robot remain at rest.
Robots are not only used to explore
areas or imitate a human being. Most
robots perform repeating tasks without
ever moving an inch.
Example:
Most robots are ‘working’ in industry
settings and are stationary .
Autonomous Robots:
Autonomous robots are usually self
controlled or self supporting robots. In
other words they are called self contained
robots. In a way they rely on their own
‘brains’.
Example:
Military and Spaceships Robots are
common examples of autonomous robot.
Remote Controlled Robots:
A robot controlled by person called remote
controlled robot.
A person can guide a robot by remote
control. A person can perform difficult and
usually dangerous tasks without being at
the spot where the tasks are performed.
Example:
Remote control car
Virtual Robots:
Virtual robotics provides an engaging applied
learning environment in which students can
practice computer programming skills in a
virtual environment.
Virtual robots don’t exits In real life. Virtual
robots are just programs, building blocks of
software inside a computer.
Example:
Motion Rider is the best example of
Virtual Robot
Advantages of Robot:
❑ Can work speedy
❑ More efficient than human being
❑ Can work in dangerous places
❑ Can do repetitive tasks.
Disadvantages of Robot:
❑ Potential Job Loss
❑ Initial investment cost
❑ Can not respond in emergencies.
❑ Need a huge power supply.
Conclusion:
As robots play a pivotal role in the society, they guarantee to be
a major part of the future society. With several advantages that
robots can offer, you cannot keep your eyes closed towards the
disadvantages.
