DYNAMIC CHARTS
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Definition
A dynamic chart represents the changes
of data over different time periods, which
can be in different years, months in a year,
or even hours in a day.
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Characteristics
➢ Displaying data from various time
periods: the past, present, or predicted
future
➢ Containing a large amount of data:
being selective when deciding which
information to report
➢ Showing trends and changes of data
in different time periods: using
vocabulary words and phrases that
highlight trends and changes of data
over a period
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Bar chart: Average monthly rainfall in one Asian city, 1950-2000
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Pie chart: The pie charts show the crops grown in one US county in 1990 and 2010.
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Table: The table gives information about the languages that high
school students speak at home in one school district in the USA.
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Line graph: The graph shows the number of cars manufactured from 2020 to 2035
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Outline 1 of A Dynamic Chart
Introduction - Paraphrasing the question
Overview - Highlight the general trends of the given categories from the
first year to the last year, and some comparisons among
these categories.
Body 1 - Select and report data from year 1 to year X
(similarities or differences, detailed information and
comparisons)
Body 2 - Select and report data from year X to the last year
(similarities or differences, detailed information and
comparisons)
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Outline 2 of A Dynamic Chart
Introduction - Paraphrasing the question
Overview - Highlight the general trends of the given categories from the
first year to the last year, and some comparisons among
these categories.
Body 1 - Select and report data in group of items
(similarities or differences, detailed information and
comparisons)
Body 2 - Select and report data in group of items
(similarities or differences, detailed information and
comparisons)
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INTRODUCTION
Type of the What the graph
Time period
chart shows
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INTRODUCTION
Type of Verb Noun phrase Time (optional)
chart
The bar illustrates • the percentage/ proportion
chart compares of + countable/uncountable
highlights noun/ noun phrase
The pie chart gives • the number of + countable • between (2010)
information noun/ noun phrase and (2020).
about • the amount of + • from (2010) to
The table indicates uncountable noun/ noun (2020).
shows phrase • over a (10-year)
provides • Noun + V3/ed + by + O period.
The line information
graph about
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OVERVIEW
• + Which categories account for the
Answer the highest and lowest
percentages/numbers?
questions • + Which categories show the most
significant difference?
• highest - lowest percentages
Group the • similarities – differences
special features Do not discuss specific data in the overview.
of the bar chart If you do NOT give any overview, you will get below band 5 for
the Task Achievement criterion.
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OVERVIEW (different time periods)
Overall, there is/ was + a significant difference between A and B.
In general,
there is/ was + a wide disparity in the number of +
Generally,
N.
in the amount of +
It is noticeable/
N.
evident that,
1. S + V(show/ see/ present) + a(n) + adj
As can be seen + increase/decrease. from ... to...
from the 2. there + be + an upward trend + ... between... and...
graph, 3. there + be + a downward trend + ...
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OVERVIEW (future tense)
Overall, It is estimated/ forecast/ predicted that
S + will + V + O
In general, It is estimated/ forecast/ predicted that next year.
S + will + have + V3/ed + O
Generally, by (2040).
It is noticeable/ S + is/are expected to V + O over the next (20)
evident that, S + is/are predicted to V + O years.
As can be seen near the end of the
from the period.
graph,
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OVERVIEW (contrasting information)
Overall,
In general,
S+ V+ O. However,/ In contrast,/ On the other hand,/
Generally, Meanwhile, S1 + V1 + O1.
It is noticeable/ S + V + O, while S1 + V1 + O1.
evident that,
S + V + O, whereas S1 + V1 + O1.
As can be seen from
the
graph,
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Describing Trends
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Describing Trends
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Describing The Speed of Change
dramatically/suddenly/unexpectedly
sharply/steeply/quickly/rapidly
considerably/substantially/significantly/steadily
gently/slightly/modestly/gradually/slowly
SUDDEN FAST MODERATE SLOW
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Verbs/Nouns Preposition Example
from The amount of rainfall decreased from 5 mm.
Using verbs:
To increase to The amount of rainfall increased to 17 mm in Dec.
To decrease by The amount of rainfall increased by 12 mm.
(from the beginning to the end of the period)
Using nouns: from... to... There was a decline from 188 mm to 17 mm over
An increase the 4-month period.
A decrease/ a
of There was a decrease of 171 mm in the amount
decline
in of rainfall.
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Basic Structures Advanced structures
Time, S + V + Adv Before/ After + Ving (+time 1), S + V + Adv (+time 2)
In 2001, the number of cars declined After declining rapidly in 2001, the number of cars
rapidly. climbed dramatically in 2005.
Time 1, S + V + Adv + before/ prior to +
V-ing 2 + Adv 2 + time 2.
In 2001, the number of cars declined rapidly,
prior to recovering slightly in the following year.
A/ an + Adj + N + be + recorded + A/ an + Adj 1 + N1 + be + recorded + in + S +
in + something + time. time 1, while/ whereas time 2 witnessed/
experienced + a/ an + Adj 2 + N2
A sharp decline was recorded in the A sharp decline was recorded in the number of
number of students in 2010. students in 2010, whereas the year 2012
witnessed a considerable growth.
Basic Structures Advanced structures
There + be + a/an + Adj+ N + in + … which was followed by + a/an + Adj 2 + N2
something + time + time 2.
There was a sharp decline in the
number of students in 2010. There was a sharp decline in the number of
Something + see/ witness/ students in 2010, which was followed by a slight
experience + a/an+ Adj + N + time decrease two years later.
The number of students experienced or
a sharp decrease in 2010. The number of students experienced a sharp
decline in 2010, which was followed by a slight
decrease two years later.
Time + see/ witness/ experience + or
a/an+ Adj + something + in + S The year 2010 saw a sharp decline in the number
The year 2010 saw a sharp decline in of students, which was followed by a slight
student numbers. decrease two years later.
Introduction
Overview
(general trends)
Body 1
(group of
items)
Body 2
(group of items)
