PART 4

STRUCTURE AND
WRITTEN EXPRESSION

COMPLETE PRACTICE TEST

WITH REAL TEST QUESTIONS
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STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

COMPLETE PRACTICE TEST 1

Time-25 minutes
(including the reading of the directions)
Now set your clock for 25 minutes.

This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is appropriate for standard written
English. There are two types of questions in this section, with special directions for each type.

Structure

Directions: Questions 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases,
marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your
answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer
you have chosen. Fill in the space so that the letter inside the circle cannot be seen.

Look at the following examples.

Example I Sample answer

The president __ the election by a landslide.

(A) won Ⓐ
(B) he won Ⓑ
(C) yesterday Ⓒ
(D) fortunately Ⓓ

The sentence should read, "The president won the election by a landslide." Therefore, you should choose (A).

Example II Sample answer

When __ the conference?

(A) the doctor attended Ⓐ

(B) did the doctor attend Ⓑ
(C) the doctor will attend Ⓒ
Ⓓ
(D) the doctor's attendance

The sentence should read, "When did the doctor attend the conference?" Therefore, you should choose (B).

Now, begin work on the questions.

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1. ------- was the most important economic 6. Geothermal energy is a potentially

activity in the United States until about inexhaustible energy source ------- been
1890. tapped by humans for centuries but, until
recent years, only on a small scale.
(A) Agriculture, which
(B) If agriculture (A) has it
(C) Agriculture (B) has
(D) There was agriculture (C) that has
(D) that it has
2. In the spring of 1887, toward the end of his
second year at the University of Wisconsin, 7. ------- landslides occur where building
Frank Lloyd Wright came to Chicago with development alters natural slopes or
the intention of ------- an architect. groundwater conditions.

(A) becoming (A) Of the many

(B) become (B) Many of them
(C) to become (C) Many of
(D) became (D) Many

3. The planet Venus is almost exactly the 8. ------- nerve pathways connect the eye
same size and mass ------- Earth, with a directly to the pineal gland, that gland is
similar interior, including a nickel-iron extremely sensitive to light.
core.
(A) Because
(A) to (B) That
(B) as (C) How
(C) is (D) By
(D) than
9. The most common kinds of libraries are
4. The tradition of the bowhead whale hunt the public libraries and ------- the
------- back a thousand years and is a vital government, schools, and colleges or
part of Inuit culture. universities.

(A) goes (A) which of

(B) if it goes (B) those of
(C) gone (C) which
(D) that went (D) of which

5. Among the 450 artworks in the White 10. Soft and silvery-white, lithium quickly
House art collection -------. becomes covered with a gray oxidation
layer when -------.
(A) as is Mary Cassatt’s Young Mother
and Two Children (A) exposed to air
(B) is Mary Cassatt’s Young Mother and (B) exposure
Two Children (C) air that exposes
(C) which is Mary Cassatt’s Young Mother (D) is exposed to air
and Two Children
(D) Mary Cassatt’s Young Mother and
Two Children

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11. The development of electrotyping in the

nineteenth century made ------- the
inexpensive reproduction of bronze
sculptures through the mass production of
copies.

(A) possible
(B) it was possible
(C) being possible
(D) possible by

12. The midge, ------ to any of several species

of small flies, refers to a mosquito-like
insect with slender wings and body, long
legs, and antennae.

(A) which a term applied

(B) a term applied
(C) is a term applied
(D) applied a term

13. The modern automobile is a -------

composed of more than 14,000 parts.

(A) complex technical system

(B) system of complex technical
(C) complex technical system that
(D) system is technically complex

14. A short story ------- a moral or lesson is

called a fable.

(A) that illustrate

(B) illustrates
(C) that it illustrates
(D) illustrating

15. From the earliest times, ------- to

understand how the human body is made
and how it works.

(A) having people try

(B) people have tried
(C) having tried people
(D) when people have tried

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Written Expression

Directions: In questions 16-40, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined
parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must
be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the
question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Look at the following examples.

Example I Sample answer

The four string on a violin are tuned

Ⓐ
Ⓑ
A B C D Ⓒ
in fifths. Ⓓ

The sentence should read, "The four strings on a violin are tuned in fifths." Therefore, you should choose (B).

Example II Sample answer

The research for the book Roots taking Ⓐ

A B C Ⓑ
Alex Haley twelve years. Ⓒ
Ⓓ
D

The sentence should read, "The research for the book Roots took Alex Haley twelve years." Therefore, you
should choose (C).

Now, begin work on the questions.

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16. The mass of a subatomic particle is equivalent to the energy content of the particle when is at rest.
A B C D

17. The choreographer George Balanchine created more than 150 works for the New York City Ballet,
A B
that which he was a founder.
C D

18. Both maple syrup or maple sugar were important trade items in North America until the late 1800s,
A B
when white cane sugar became less expensive.
C D

19. Carrot juice has a highest vitamin A content and therefore is especially good for the eyes.
A B C D

20. In June 1846, near Sacramento, California, a number of new settlers rebelled in the Bear Flag Revolt and
A B C
proclaiming California an independent republic.
D

21. It is thought that musical instruments probably exist as early as 35,000 years ago, a date that coincides
A B C
with evidence of the first prehistoric art.
D

22. Robert Lowell’s carefully wrought poems, combining aspiration and common sense, are notable for
A B C
them religious imagery.
D

23. Urban anthropology, whose focuses on the city as the locus of research, is a relatively new but
A B C D
important subfield of cultural anthropology.

24. Through experiments with marine organisms, marine biologists can increase our knowledge of human
A B
reproductive and development as well as our understanding of the nervous system.
C D

25. Next to their vastness, the most striking feature of oceans and another large bodies of water is the
A B C
constant motion of their surface.
D

26. Shirley Chisholm, the first African American female member of the United States House of
A B
Representatives, unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nominate for president in 1972.
C D

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27. Chemical and tactile camouflage allows the assassin bug to reach into the opening of a termite nest and
A B C
capture a termite workers.
D

28. Because of their beauty, diamonds are prized as jewels, and because of their hard, they make
A B C
ideal abrasives for cutting, grinding, and drilling.
D

29. Rarely has a technological development had as great an impact on society as the rapid grow of
A B C D
electronics.

30. Varying a camera’s shutter speed controls the film’s exposure to light and determines the speed of
A B C
action that the photograph can reproduce without blur the image.
D

31. Found in the palm of the hand at the base of the thumb, the first metacarpal bone supports muscles
A B
that enable humans to grasp object firm.
C D

32. Built between 1817 and 1825, the Erie Canal had an enormously influence on New York City’s role as a
A B C
port and financial center.
D

33. Louisiana’s long and varied history, diverse population, abundant energy resources, and strategic
A B
located at the mouth of the Mississippi are valued attributes.
C D

34. The soil in which coffee is grown must be rich, moisture, and absorbent enough to accept water readily,
A B C
but sufficiently loose to allow rapid drainage.
D

35. A plant exhibits the reflex reaction called tropism when moves toward or away from an external
A B C
stimulus such as sunlight.
D

36. Oak and walnut, both of which lend themselves to carving, were the preferred woods for furniture the
A B C D
Gothic period.

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37. In the 1840s and 1850s, the farms accessible to Portland, Oregon, had been settled primarily by rural
A B
family that had come overland in wagon trains.
C D

38. Nineteenth-century newspapers, almanacs, and scientific journals carried frequently stories or ran
A B
columns devoted to painting, drawing, and the decorative arts.
C D

39. Under the certain conditions, a rainbow appears at the end of a rain shower in the quarter of the sky
A B C D
opposite the Sun.

40. Perhaps the most distinctive features of sharks and undoubtedly one of the most important reasons for
A B C
their success is their well-developed sensory system.
D

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STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

COMPLETE PRACTICE TEST 2

Time-25 minutes
(including the reading of the directions)
Now set your clock for 25 minutes.

This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is appropriate for standard written
English. There are two types of questions in this section, with special directions for each type.

Structure

Directions: Questions 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases,
marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your
answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer
you have chosen. Fill in the space so that the letter inside the circle cannot be seen.

Look at the following examples.

Example I Sample answer

The president __ the election by a landslide.

(A) won Ⓐ
(B) he won Ⓑ
(C) yesterday Ⓒ
(D) fortunately Ⓓ

The sentence should read, "The president won the election by a landslide." Therefore, you should choose (A).

Example II Sample answer

When __ the conference?

(A) the doctor attended Ⓐ

(B) did the doctor attend Ⓑ
(C) the doctor will attend Ⓒ
Ⓓ
(D) the doctor's attendance

The sentence should read, "When did the doctor attend the conference?" Therefore, you should choose (B).

Now, begin work on the questions.

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1. Since the early 1950’s, ------- throughout the 6. Only a few sounds produced by insects are
world has more than doubled. heard by humans ------- most of the sounds are
pitched either too low or too high.
(A) the demand for food
(B) there is demand for food (A) in spite of
(C) if food is in demand (B) because
(D) food, a demand that (C) as a result of
(D) instead of
2. Even though he did not attend school until he
was twelve, Dr. Samuel C.C. Ting was ------- the 7. The ordinary chair ------- in countless shapes,
Nobel Prize in Physics in 1976. sizes, styles, and materials.

(A) won (A) has been made

(B) the winning (B) to be made
(C) the winner of (C) is making
(D) to be won (D) been making

3. Gas particles move ------- when the gas is hot 8. For 125 years after ------- initial use at Harvard
than when it is cold. in 1642, the Bachelor of Arts degree was the
only degree awarded by colleges in the United
(A) fast States.
(B) faster
(C) as fast (A) its
(D) fastest (B) it was
(C) being
4. The different colors of ------- the different (D) when
temperatures of the stars’ surfaces.
9. Since the Sun illuminates half the surface of
(A) the stars indicate the moon, only half of the surface ------- can be
(B) indicating stars seen from the Earth.
(C) the indication that the stars
(D) stars indicating that (A) most
(B) much
5. As a country develops from an agricultural to (C) with more
an industrial economy, the attitudes, values, (D) at most
structures, and functions of the family -------.
10. The novels of Constance Fenimore Woolson,
(A) the change -------, have special interest for their regional
(B) which change settings.
(C) change
(D) changing (A) in a nineteenth-century writer
(B) a nineteenth-century writer
(C) the nineteenth-century writing
(D) wrote about the nineteenth century

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11. ------- Oklahoma is important as a farming

state, it is even more important for its rich oil
deposits.

(A) By
(B) Although
(C) In order for
(D) Concerning

12. No animal seems ------- on a diet of peat moss.

(A) survived
(B) can survive
(C) of surviving
(D) able to survive

13. The upper part in a harmonic arrangement

-------by mixed voices is usually written for a
soprano voice.

(A) to be sung
(B) as singing
(C) to be singing
(D) was sung

14. The first school ------- the state of Washington

was opened at old Fort Vancouver in 1832.

(A) is now
(B) is that in
(C) what is that
(D) in what is now

15. Radio, -------, developed from the theories and

experiments of many people.

(A) like other many inventions

(B) like many other inventions
(C) inventions like many other
(D) many other like inventions

Structure and Written Expression: Complete Practice Test

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Written Expression

Directions: In questions 16-40, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined
parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must
be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the
question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Look at the following examples.

Example I Sample answer

The four string on a violin are tuned

Ⓐ
Ⓑ
A B C D Ⓒ
in fifths. Ⓓ

The sentence should read, "The four strings on a violin are tuned in fifths." Therefore, you should choose (B).

Example II Sample answer

The research for the book Roots taking Ⓐ

A B C Ⓑ
Alex Haley twelve years. Ⓒ
Ⓓ
D

The sentence should read, "The research for the book Roots took Alex Haley twelve years." Therefore, you
should choose (C).

Now, begin work on the questions.

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16. While attempting to fly hers plane around the world in 1937, Amelia Earhart mysteriously disappeared.
A B C D

17. Richard Wright’s Uncle Tom’s Children, a collection of short stories, were a critical success when it
A B C
appeared in 1938.
D

18. The principle on which the boat called a hydrofoil is designed is identically to that demonstrated by
A B
an airplane wing moving through air.
C D

19. Migrating butterflies can travel long distant over water.

A B C D

20. During a early period in the settlement of the western United States, pioneers claimed parts of the
A B
wilderness by marking trees to establish a boundary.
C D

21. All digital computers use binary, or two- valued, digits instead than decimal, or ten-valued,
A B C
digits to represent and store data.
D

22. An ambassador serves as a nation’s highest ranking diplomacy in another country.

A B C D

23. Early adolescence is a developmental phrase consisting of rapid changes in behavior,

A B C
psychological, and hormones.
D

24. Knowledge from the frontiers of the research genetic will increasingly pose difficult problems
A B C
for policy makers and for society in general.
D

25. Pictures called glass mosaics are made by setting small pieces of colors glass into fresh plaster.
A B C D

26. Approximately every nineteen month Venus and the Sun reach their greatest angular separation
A B C
in the solar system.
D

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27. Anthropologists recently have found evidence that, centuries ago, Inuits used to entering their
A B
subterranean homes through tunnels, which helped keep the cold out and the heat in.
C D
28. The tree porcupine is found in wooded areas throughout most from North America.
A B C D

29. To date, only a small percentage of all glass manufactured in the United States is recycled,
A B
but markets for recycled glass that are growing steadily.
C D

30. The oceans are the major source of atmospheric moisture that is obtained through evaporator.
A B C D

31. Only those insects with high developed, multilensed eyes have good color vision.
A B C D

32. The Earth’s atmosphere functions much like a giant greenhouse, admitting sunlight between
A B
outer space but preventing heat from escaping.
C D

33. The almond tree which produces the oldest species of nut and is the most widely grown of
A B C
all nut trees.
D

34. Fran Tannenbaum, a paleontology student doing summer fieldwork, found a completely
A B C D
seventy-five-million-year-old fossil egg near Chateau, Montana.

35. Fencing, originally developed as a sport in fourteenth century, was included in the first modern
A B C
Olympic Games of 1896.
D

36. Depth within ancient tombs, 3,000-year-old peanuts have been found alongside mummies.
A B C D

37. Art Nouveau developed in the 1890’s when artists did a conscious effort to break with what
A B C
they regarded as worn-out formulas of the past.
D

38. The most widely cultivated all of fruit trees, the apple is second only to the grape in its
A B
importance as a temperate-zone-fruit.
C D

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39. Pawnbroking, or making loans to customers who pledge personal or household goods as
A B C
security, is one of the oldest trade known.
D

40. Of 1901 to 1914, acclaimed actor Douglas Fairbanks, appeared on stage in a series of light
A B C
comedies.
D

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STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

COMPLETE PRACTICE TEST 3

Time-25 minutes
(including the reading of the directions)
Now set your clock for 25 minutes.

This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is appropriate for standard written
English. There are two types of questions in this section, with special directions for each type.

Structure

Directions: Questions 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases,
marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your
answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer
you have chosen. Fill in the space so that the letter inside the circle cannot be seen.

Look at the following examples.

Example I Sample answer

The president __ the election by a landslide.

(A) won Ⓐ
(B) he won Ⓑ
(C) yesterday Ⓒ
(D) fortunately Ⓓ

The sentence should read, "The president won the election by a landslide." Therefore, you should choose (A).

Example II Sample answer

When __ the conference?

(A) the doctor attended Ⓐ

(B) did the doctor attend Ⓑ
(C) the doctor will attend Ⓒ
Ⓓ
(D) the doctor's attendance

The sentence should read, "When did the doctor attend the conference?" Therefore, you should choose (B).

Now, begin work on the questions.

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1. No spectacle in the universe is ------ than an 6. Systems of phonetic writing are ------ at
exploding star. transcribing accurately any sequence of
speech sounds.
(A) impressive
(B) as impressive (A) the aim
(C) more impressive (B) aimed
(D) the most impressive (C) who aims
(D) by aiming
2. The Allegheny and Monongahela rivers ------ in
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to form the Ohio 7. In photosynthesis, ------ through which green
River. plants manufactured food, energy from direct
sunlight is trapped by a substance called
(A) meet chlorophyll.
(B) meeting
(C) for meeting (A) that the process
(D) which meet (B) is a process
(C) the process
3. The horns of a rhinoceros continue ------ (D) in which the process
throughout its entire lifetime.
8. ------ and hard, ivory may be carved with great
(A) it grows delicacy into intricate patterns.
(B) to grow
(C) they grow (A) Because of its density
(D) grow (B) Because it is dense
(C) May be dense
4. Mathematics helps meteorologists to predict (D) Its density
the weather more accurately, to calculate the
speed of storms, and ------. 9. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon is
between the Sun and the Earth, ------ shadow
(A) for the wind to blow determines of the Moon moves across the face of the
(B) causes the wind blowing to determine Earth.
(C) to determine what causes the wind to
blow (A) and the
(D) determine the wind’s blowing (B) and it is the
(C) that the
5. ------ position of the planet Earth in relation to (D) that it is the
the Sun is always changing a little bit.
10. The spectacularly beautiful and sultry voice of
(A) The Lena Horne made her ------.
(B) That the
(C) It was the (A) being a nationally celebrated vocalist
(D) There was a (B) a vocalist was nationally celebrated
(C) as nationally celebrated vocalist
(D) a nationally celebrated vocalist

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11. The existence of very long channels ------ into

the deep sea floor of the Atlantic and Pacific
oceans has been well documented.

(A) are cut

(B) cuts
(C) to cut
(D) cutting

12. Lillian Wald’s ------ lies in the field of public

health nursing.

(A) contribution was most distinctive

(B) whose most distinctive contribution
(C) most contributions are distinctive
(D) most distinctive contribution

13. Fine rubies ------ of flaws are extremely rare

and command high prices.

(A) free
(B) are free
(C) which free
(D) when are they free

14. In some parts of the world, not only ------ a

form of entertainment, but it is also a means
of communication.

(A) whistling
(B) is whistling
(C) that whistling is
(D) why is whistling

15. Invented in the 1780’s, threshing machines

enabled farmers to process grain ------ they
could by hand.

(A) that much faster

(B) much than faster
(C) much faster than
(D) faster than much

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Written Expression

Directions: In questions 16-40, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined
parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must
be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the
question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Look at the following examples.

Example I Sample answer

The four string on a violin are tuned

Ⓐ
Ⓑ
A B C D Ⓒ
in fifths. Ⓓ

The sentence should read, "The four strings on a violin are tuned in fifths." Therefore, you should choose (B).

Example II Sample answer

The research for the book Roots taking Ⓐ

A B C Ⓑ
Alex Haley twelve years. Ⓒ
Ⓓ
D

The sentence should read, "The research for the book Roots took Alex Haley twelve years." Therefore, you
should choose (C).

Now, begin work on the questions.

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16. Patients they suffer from common arthritis can be treated using heat, physical, therapy, and aspirin.
A B C D

17. Forests contain more than merely tree; they also include smaller plants, such as mosses, shrubs, and wild
A B C
flowers.
D

18. The game of marbles, which originated in prehistoric times, is still played today in much lands.
A B C D

19. The modern racing bicycle is carefully engineered for safety, lightness, and reliable.
A B C D

20. On 1954 the United States Supreme Court ruled on the case of Brown v. Board of Education, declaring
A B C
segregated education constitutional.
D

21. Because glass objects are fragile, least have survived from ancient civilizations.
A B C D

22. An important effect that criticism can have on contemporary poets is the assurance that there is a growing
A B C
interest their work.
D

23. Music festivals, which date back as far as the mid-seventeenth century, have increased significantly in
A B
popular within the past few decades.
C D

24. Human skin is a complex, sensitive organ that serves many functions necessary for the maintain of life.
A B C D

25. Space photography and advanced measurement technology, including a laser reflector placed on the
A B
Moon, have possible made extremely precise measurements of the surfaces of the Earth.
C D

26. The scale of the demographic change that are now occurring and that are projected for the near future is
A B C
unprecedented in human history.
D

27. The paintings of artist Abraham Rattner are noted for their brilliant color, rich texture, and symbolic.
A B C D

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28. Between the high and low tidemarks of marine coasts existing abundant and varied plant and animal life.
A B C D

29. The total amount of water in the world’s ecological system has remained the same than throughout the
A B C
ages.
D

30. Butterflies and moths comprise the Lepidoptera order of insects find throughout most of the world.
A B C D

31. The planet Neptune has two known satellites: one about the size with Earth’s Moon, the other much
A B C D
smaller.

32. Harry Truman’s victory over Thomas Dewey was one of the biggest surprise in the political history of the
A B C D
United States.

33. The narwhal resembles like other whales, but it has a long, spiral tusk growing from its head.
A B C D

34. In exchange for requiring them to disclose the workings of their inventions, patents give inventors
A B C
temporary, legally monopolies.
D

35. Lilian Gish is best known for her roles in such silently films as The Birth of a Nation and Broken Blossoms.
A B C D

36. Oraibi, Arizona, built by the Hopi Indians during 1100’s, is probably the oldest continuous inhabited
A B C
settlement in the United States.
D

37. It may take several hundred years to build inch of topsoil.

A B C D

38. Known for power, speed, and maneuverability, the goshawk has short wings and a long tail, enabling them
A B C D
to dodge branches in pursuit of prey.

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39. Lubrication is essential in machinery because if the moving part of a machine come into direct contact with
A B C
each other, interferes with motion.
D

40. One basic principle of international air law recognize a country’s complete sovereignty over the airspace
A B C
above its territory.
D

TOEFL ITP Guide