GST 112- COVER YOUR WHOLE SEMESTER IN ONE NIGHT.

COURTESY: THE PREP.

General Studies (GST): Nigerian Peoples, Culture, Economy & Citizenship

Prepared by The Prep

1. Study Tips (Unique to This Course)

This GST course is not just about memorizing facts – it’s about understanding Nigeria’s roots,
growth, and future. It connects culture, politics, economy, citizenship, and environment. If you
study with purpose, you’ll not only pass exams but also sharpen your sense of national identity.

How to Approach This Course

1. Connect Topics Together – Don’t study ethnic groups, cultural zones, economy, and
constitution separately. See how they flow into one another. For example: ethnic diversity →
cultural zones → colonial history → constitutional development → economic issues →
citizenship → environment.

2. Think of Real-Life Examples – When studying rights and duties of citizens, relate it to daily life
(voting, paying taxes, obeying laws). When studying environmental problems, link it to issues in
your community (erosion, flooding, waste disposal).

3. See the Story, Not Just the Facts – Nigeria’s history is like a story: ethnic groups existed,
colonialism came, amalgamation happened, constitutions developed, economy changed,
citizens gained roles, and environmental issues arose. Follow the story line.

4. Don’t Just Cram – Engage – Always ask “why” and “how.” Why did amalgamation happen?
How do constitutions evolve? Why are environmental problems worsening?

How to Use the Materials in This Study Pack

Summary → Your foundation. Read it carefully, highlight key transitions, and understand
connections.

Fill-in-the-Gap Questions → Use daily. They sharpen recall. They are excellent for quick revision
before class or exams.
Flashcards → Use them in short bursts (10–15 minutes). Mix topics and quiz yourself or a
friend. They help with memory retention.

MCQs → Practice them like mock exams. Time yourself. After each round, review explanations
and note where you went wrong.

Motivation for You

This GST is not “just another compulsory course.” It trains you in national consciousness. If you
master it, you will:

Speak confidently about Nigeria’s history and constitution.

Understand your rights and duties as a citizen.

Be able to connect cultural and environmental issues to real solutions.

Build the critical thinking that examiners love to see.

Remember: The goal is not to memorize Nigeria; it is to understand Nigeria. Once you grasp the
story, exams become easy.

GST Study Pack Summary

Prepared by The Prep

Introduction

Nigeria is a country rich in diversity, culture, history, and natural resources. To understand
Nigeria is to understand how different peoples, traditions, and historical experiences came
together to form a single nation. This GST course takes students through that journey from the
ethnic groups that shaped Nigeria’s identity, to the colonial and constitutional developments that
built its political structure, the economy that sustains it, the responsibilities of citizenship, and
the environmental issues that challenge its growth.

Study Session 1: Notable Ethnic Groups in Northern Nigeria

Northern Nigeria is home to some of the largest and most influential ethnic groups in Africa.

1. The Hausa Culture

The Hausa are one of the largest ethnic groups in Africa.

Predominantly found in states like Kano, Katsina, Sokoto, and Zamfara.

Known for their trade, crafts, and Islamic scholarship.

The Hausa language (Hausa) became a unifying tongue across northern Nigeria.

Political organization historically centered on emirates (e.g., Kano and Zaria).

2. The Fulani Culture

The Fulani are spread across West Africa, known for pastoralism and cattle rearing.

Their Jihad led by Usman dan Fodio (1804) established the Sokoto Caliphate, which shaped
northern Nigerian politics and religion.

Today, Fulani are influential in politics and religion, often blending into Hausa culture
(Hausa-Fulani).

3. The Kanuri Culture

The Kanuri are mostly found in Borno State and neighboring regions.

Historically ruled the Kanem-Bornu Empire, famous for strong Islamic influence.

Known for Quranic scholarship, trade routes across the Sahara, and distinctive cultural
practices.

4. The Nupe Culture

Found in Niger State and parts of Kwara.

Skilled in crafts, blacksmithing, glassmaking, and fishing.

Known historically for Nupe Kingdom, with complex political organization.

5. The Tiv Culture

Found mainly in Benue State.

Known for farming (yam and grains) and communal living.

Tiv social organization is less centralized, based on kinship and elders.

Study Session 2: Notable Ethnic Groups in Southern Nigeria

The South is equally diverse and rich in traditions.

1. The Yoruba Culture

Occupy states like Lagos, Oyo, Osun, Ondo, Ekiti, Ogun.

Historically organized into kingdoms (Oyo Empire, Ife).

Known for strong traditional religion (Ifa, Orisha worship), arts (sculpture, music, literature).

Presently influential in education, politics, and economy.

2. The Igbo Culture

Found in southeastern states (Anambra, Imo, Abia, Enugu, Ebonyi).

Traditionally decentralized, governed by village assemblies and councils of elders.

Known for entrepreneurship and trade, crafts, and agriculture.

Strong Christian influence since colonial times.

3. The Bini (Edo) Culture

Located in Edo State.

Famous for the Benin Kingdom, known for its advanced art (bronze, ivory carvings).

Had a powerful monarchy (Oba of Benin).

4. The Itsekiri Culture

Found in Delta State.

Historically linked to riverine trade and early contact with Europeans.

Blended traditional religion with Christianity.

5. The Ijaw Culture

Occupy the Niger Delta region.

Known for fishing, oil-rich land, and history of resistance to exploitation.

Study Session 3: Cultural Zones in Nigeria I

Nigeria’s diversity is grouped into cultural zones.

1. Cultural Areas and Their Characteristics

North: Hausa-Fulani, Kanuri, Nupe, Tiv – strong Islamic influence, emirate systems.

South-West: Yoruba – kingdom systems, strong traditional religion, later Christianity.

South-East: Igbo – decentralized, entrepreneurial, Christian influence.

South-South: Ijaw, Itsekiri, Urhobo – riverine, oil resources, fishing.

2. Linguistic Classifications

Over 500 languages spoken in Nigeria.

Classified into major families:

Niger-Congo (e.g., Yoruba, Igbo, Tiv).

Afro-Asiatic (e.g., Hausa, Kanuri).

Nilo-Saharan (e.g., Kanembu).

3. Geographical Location

Nigeria lies in West Africa, bordered by Niger, Chad, Cameroon, Benin, and the Atlantic Ocean.

Its geographical position made it a hub of trade and colonial interest.

Study Session 4: Cultural Zones in Nigeria II

Cultural zones are further divided:

1. Northern Zone – Hausa-Fulani, Kanuri, Tiv.

2. Central Zone – Nupe, Gwari, and Middle Belt minorities.

3. Western Zone – Yoruba.

4. Eastern Zone – Igbo.

Each zone developed unique traditions but all are part of one Nigerian identity.

Study Session 5: The Evolution of Nigeria

1. Pre-Colonial Nigeria – ethnic groups lived independently, with kingdoms, empires, and village
governments.

2. Amalgamation (1914) – the British merged Northern and Southern Protectorates into one
country for easier administration.

3. Reasons for Amalgamation

Economic interests (railways, trade, taxation).

Administrative convenience.
British desire for one colony.

4. Colonial Rule

Introduced Western education, Christianity, cash crops.

Imposed indirect rule, especially in the North.

Created divisions and exploited resources.

5. Constitutional Developments

Clifford Constitution (1922) – first legislative council with elected members.

Richards Constitution (1946) – regional representation.

Macpherson Constitution (1951) – expanded regional autonomy.

Lyttleton Constitution (1954) – federalism introduced.

Independence Constitution (1960) – Nigeria gained independence.

Republican Constitution (1963) – full sovereignty.

Later constitutions (1979, 1999) – strengthened federalism and democracy.

Study Session 6: The Economy and National Development

1. Pre- and Post-Independence Economy

Pre-independence: agriculture-based (cocoa, groundnut, palm oil).

Post-independence: oil discovery in 1956 shifted focus to petroleum.

2. Structure of Economic Activities

Primary (agriculture, mining).

Secondary (manufacturing, industries).

Tertiary (services, trade, banking, ICT).

3. Major Problems of the Economy

Overdependence on oil.

Corruption and mismanagement.

Unemployment and poverty.

Poor infrastructure.

Inconsistent government policies.

Study Session 7: Citizenship Education

1. Rights, Duties, and Obligations

Rights: life, dignity, education, association, freedom of speech, etc.

Duties: obey laws, pay taxes, defend Nigeria, respect others.

Obligations: loyalty to the state, participation in governance.

2. Patterns of Citizenship Acquisition

By birth.

By registration.

By naturalization.

By honorary conferment.

3. Negative Attitudes of Nigerian Youth

Cultism, examination malpractice, political apathy.

Drug abuse, cybercrime, disrespect for authority.

Study Session 8: Nigerian Environmental Problems

1. Major Components of the Natural Environment

Land, water, air, vegetation, wildlife.

2. Causes of Environmental Problems

Overpopulation, urbanization, industrialization.

Oil spillage, deforestation, desertification, pollution.

3. Solutions to Environmental Problems

Government policies (NESREA, environmental laws).

Afforestation, waste management, clean energy.

Public awareness and citizen participation.

Conclusion

This GST course paints a connected picture of Nigeria: its peoples, cultures, colonial past,
constitutional development, economy, citizenship, and environment. To master it is to
understand how Nigeria came to be and how it can progress. Every topic is a piece of the
puzzle that explains who we are, where we came from, and where we are going.

GST Fill-in-the-Gap Question Bank with Answers

Prepared by The Prep

1. The Hausa are one of the ______ ethnic groups in Africa.

Answer: largest

2. Hausa are predominantly found in states like ______, ______, Sokoto, and Zamfara.
Answer: Kano, Katsina

3. The Hausa language served as a ______ tongue across Northern Nigeria.

Answer: unifying
4. The Hausa political organization was historically centered on ______.
Answer: emirates

5. The Fulani are traditionally known for ______ and cattle rearing.
Answer: pastoralism

6. The Sokoto Caliphate was founded by ______ in 1804.

Answer: Usman dan Fodio

7. The Fulani are often culturally blended with the Hausa, forming the ______ identity.
Answer: Hausa-Fulani

8. The Kanuri are mostly found in ______ State.

Answer: Borno

9. The Kanuri historically ruled the ______ Empire.

Answer: Kanem-Bornu

10. The Kanuri Empire was famous for strong ______ influence.
Answer: Islamic

11. The Nupe are mainly found in ______ State and parts of Kwara.
Answer: Niger

12. The Nupe were skilled in ______, blacksmithing, and fishing.

Answer: glassmaking

13. The Tiv people are mainly found in ______ State.

Answer: Benue

14. Tiv people are known for farming crops such as ______ and grains.
Answer: yam
15. Tiv social organization is less centralized and based on ______ and elders.
Answer: kinship

16. The Yoruba occupy states like ______, Oyo, Osun, Ondo, Ekiti, and Ogun.
Answer: Lagos

17. The Yoruba were historically organized into ______ such as Oyo and Ife.
Answer: kingdoms

18. Yoruba are known for their traditional religion such as ______ and Orisha worship.
Answer: Ifa

19. The Igbo occupy the ______ states of Nigeria.

Answer: southeastern

20. Igbo society was traditionally ______, without centralized kingdoms.

Answer: decentralized

21. Igbo people are popularly known for ______ and entrepreneurship.
Answer: trade

22. Christianity became dominant among the ______ ethnic group in colonial times.
Answer: Igbo

23. The Bini people are located in ______ State.

Answer: Edo

24. The Benin Kingdom is famous for ______ art and sculpture.
Answer: bronze

25. The Oba of Benin was a powerful ______ ruler.

Answer: monarch
26. The Itsekiri are found in ______ State.
Answer: Delta

27. The Itsekiri had early contact with ______ through trade.
Answer: Europeans

28. The Ijaw occupy the ______ region of Nigeria.

Answer: Niger Delta

29. The Ijaw are traditionally known for ______ as a livelihood.

Answer: fishing

30. Oil resources are concentrated in the ______ homeland.

Answer: Ijaw

31. The North is dominated by the ______ and Kanuri.

Answer: Hausa-Fulani

32. The South-West is dominated by the ______.

Answer: Yoruba

33. The South-East is dominated by the ______.

Answer: Igbo

34. The South-South zone includes the Ijaw, ______, and Urhobo.
Answer: Itsekiri

35. Nigeria has over ______ languages.

Answer: 500

36. Hausa belongs to the ______ language family.

Answer: Afro-Asiatic
37. Igbo and Yoruba belong to the ______ language family.
Answer: Niger-Congo

38. Nigeria is geographically located in ______ Africa.

Answer: West

39. Nigeria is bordered by Niger, Chad, ______, Benin, and the Atlantic Ocean.
Answer: Cameroon

40. Nigeria’s geographical position made it a hub of ______ during colonial times.
Answer: trade

41. The Northern Zone includes the ______, Kanuri, Tiv, and Nupe.
Answer: Hausa-Fulani

42. The Central Zone includes the ______ and other Middle Belt groups.
Answer: Gwari

43. The Western Zone is dominated by the ______.

Answer: Yoruba

44. The Eastern Zone is dominated by the ______.

Answer: Igbo

45. Despite differences, all cultural zones are united under one ______ identity.
Answer: Nigerian

46. Before colonialism, Nigeria was made up of independent ______ and kingdoms.
Answer: communities

47. The Amalgamation of Nigeria happened in the year ______.

Answer: 1914
48. Amalgamation joined the Northern and ______ Protectorates.
Answer: Southern

49. A major reason for amalgamation was British ______ interests.

Answer: economic

50. Another reason was ______ convenience.

Answer: administrative

51. The British governed Nigeria mainly through ______ rule.

Answer: indirect

52. Western education and ______ were introduced during colonial rule.
Answer: Christianity

53. The first constitution that allowed elections was the ______ Constitution of 1922.
Answer: Clifford

54. The Richards Constitution was introduced in the year ______.

Answer: 1946

55. The Macpherson Constitution was enacted in ______.

Answer: 1951

56. The Lyttleton Constitution of 1954 introduced ______ government.

Answer: federal

57. Nigeria gained independence in the year ______.

Answer: 1960

58. The Republican Constitution was adopted in the year ______.

Answer: 1963
59. The Constitution currently guiding Nigeria is the Constitution of ______.
Answer: 1999

60. The 1999 Constitution emphasizes ______ and democracy.

Answer: federalism

61. Pre-independence Nigeria’s economy was mainly based on ______.

Answer: agriculture

62. Examples of cash crops before oil were ______, palm oil, and cocoa.
Answer: groundnut

63. Oil was discovered in Nigeria in the year ______.

Answer: 1956

64. Post-independence Nigeria became heavily dependent on ______ exports.

Answer: petroleum

65. The economy is divided into ______, secondary, and tertiary activities.
Answer: primary

66. Primary activities include ______ and mining.

Answer: farming

67. Secondary activities include ______ and industries.

Answer: manufacturing

68. Tertiary activities include trade, banking, and ______.

Answer: services

69. One major problem of the Nigerian economy is overdependence on ______.

Answer: oil
70. Corruption and ______ have weakened Nigeria’s development.
Answer: mismanagement

71. High levels of ______ remain a serious economic issue.

Answer: unemployment

72. Poor ______ discourages investment in Nigeria.

Answer: infrastructure

73. Inconsistent government ______ slow down progress.

Answer: policies

74. A citizen is a person who owes ______ to a state and is entitled to its protection.
Answer: allegiance

75. Rights of citizens include right to life, ______, education, and freedom of speech.
Answer: dignity

76. Duties include obeying ______ and paying taxes.

Answer: laws

77. One obligation of citizens is to show ______ to the state.

Answer: loyalty

78. Citizenship can be acquired by ______, registration, or naturalization.

Answer: birth

79. The highest honor of citizenship is by ______ conferment.

Answer: honorary

80. Negative attitudes of youths include cultism, ______ malpractice, and political apathy.
Answer: examination
81. Drug abuse and ______ crime are rising among Nigerian youth.
Answer: cyber

82. Respect for ______ is an important duty of citizens.

Answer: authority

83. The natural environment is made up of land, water, ______, vegetation, and wildlife.
Answer: air

84. A major cause of environmental problems is over-______.

Answer: population

85. Rapid urbanization and ______ contribute to pollution.

Answer: industrialization

86. Oil spillage affects the ______ Delta region.

Answer: Niger

87. Cutting down trees without replanting leads to ______.

Answer: deforestation

88. The encroachment of desert is called ______.

Answer: desertification

89. Government created ______ to enforce environmental protection.

Answer: NESREA

90. Planting of trees is called ______.

Answer: afforestation

91. One solution to pollution is proper ______ management.

Answer: waste
92. Renewable ______ can help reduce environmental damage.
Answer: energy

93. Public ______ is important in solving environmental issues.

Answer: awareness

94. Desertification is most severe in the ______ region of Nigeria.

Answer: northern

95. Flooding is often caused by poor ______ systems.

Answer: drainage

96. The Sokoto Caliphate influenced politics and ______ in Northern Nigeria.
Answer: religion

97. Igbo villages were led by elders and ______ assemblies.

Answer: village

98. The Yoruba town of ______ is considered the spiritual homeland of the Yoruba.
Answer: Ile-Ife

99. The Benin Kingdom was known for its ______ walls and moats.
Answer: defensive

100. The Itsekiri were skilled in ______ navigation.

Answer: riverine

101. Hausa and Fulani are often referred to together as ______.

Answer: Hausa-Fulani

102. Nigeria’s Independence Day is celebrated on ______ 1st, 1960.

Answer: October
103. The first Prime Minister of Nigeria was ______.
Answer: Abubakar Tafawa Balewa

104. The first President of Nigeria was ______.

Answer: Nnamdi Azikiwe

105. The military overthrew civilian rule in the year ______.

Answer: 1966

106. Nigeria returned to civilian rule in ______.

Answer: 1999

107. Paying taxes is both a duty and an ______.

Answer: obligation

108. The ______ Constitution marked Nigeria’s transition to a federal system.

Answer: Lyttleton (1954)

109. One major cash crop of the North was ______.

Answer: groundnut

110. Palm oil was mainly produced in the ______ region.

Answer: Eastern

111. Cocoa was mainly produced in the ______ region.

Answer: Western

112. The constitution currently in use was enacted in ______.

Answer: 1999

113. One negative youth habit is political ______.

Answer: apathy
114. Nigeria is divided into ______ geopolitical zones today.
Answer: six

115. The Middle Belt is famous for its cultural ______.

Answer: diversity

116. The Niger Delta struggles with oil pollution and ______.
Answer: militancy

117. Nigeria’s currency is the ______.

Answer: Naira

118. Nigeria’s capital city is ______.

Answer: Abuja

119. Abuja became the capital in the year ______.

Answer: 1991

120. Lagos was the previous ______ city.

Answer: capital

121. The Clifford Constitution of 1922 introduced ______ representation for the first time.
Answer: elective

122. The Clifford Constitution created a Legislative Council with ______ elected Nigerians.
Answer: four

123. The Richards Constitution of 1946 emphasized ______ unity.

Answer: national

124. The Richards Constitution also introduced ______ representation into governance.
Answer: regional
125. The Macpherson Constitution of 1951 expanded ______ participation in politics.
Answer: Nigerian

126. The Macpherson Constitution created ______ Houses of Assembly in the regions.
Answer: elected

127. The Lyttleton Constitution of 1954 introduced ______ federalism in Nigeria.

Answer: true

128. The 1954 Lyttleton Constitution gave greater autonomy to the ______.
Answer: regions

129. The Independence Constitution came into effect in ______.

Answer: 1960

130. The Independence Constitution still retained the ______ monarch as Head of State.
Answer: British

131. The Republican Constitution was introduced in ______.

Answer: 1963

132. Under the Republican Constitution, the Head of State became the ______.
Answer: President

133. The 1979 Constitution introduced the ______ system of government.

Answer: presidential

134. The 1999 Constitution is currently the ______ Constitution of Nigeria.

Answer: supreme

135. The 1999 Constitution established Nigeria as a ______ republic.

Answer: federal
136. The Constitution protects the ______ rights of citizens.
Answer: fundamental

137. The Constitution divides powers among the Executive, Legislature, and ______.
Answer: Judiciary

138. The Legislature in Nigeria is called the National ______.

Answer: Assembly

139. The National Assembly is bicameral, consisting of the Senate and the ______.
Answer: House of Representatives

140. The Judiciary interprets the ______ of the land.

Answer: laws

141. A person born in Nigeria before ______ is automatically a citizen.

Answer: independence (1960)

142. Citizenship by registration requires marriage to a Nigerian or ______ residence.

Answer: continuous

143. Citizenship by naturalization requires ______ years of continuous residence.

Answer: 15

144. One duty of a Nigerian citizen is to defend the country’s ______.

Answer: sovereignty

145. Citizens must respect the ______ of others.

Answer: rights

146. Voting during elections is both a right and a ______.

Answer: civic duty
147. Paying ______ is a financial duty of citizens.
Answer: taxes

148. Loyalty to Nigeria is shown by reciting the National ______.

Answer: Pledge

149. The National Anthem emphasizes unity, peace, and ______.

Answer: progress

150. A negative attitude of Nigerian youth is involvement in ______ activities.

Answer: cultism

151. Examination malpractice undermines the ______ system.

Answer: education

152. Cybercrime is also known as ______ fraud.

Answer: internet

153. Political apathy refers to citizens not ______ in governance.

Answer: participating

154. Nigerian citizens are obliged to protect public ______.

Answer: property

155. Respect for the Constitution is the ______ of citizenship.

Answer: foundation

156. Before oil, Nigeria’s economy depended on ______ exports.

Answer: agricultural

157. Groundnut pyramids were symbols of wealth in the ______ region.

Answer: Northern

158. Cocoa was the major cash crop of the ______ region.
Answer: Western

159. Palm oil was the major export of the ______ region.
Answer: Eastern

160. Oil discovery shifted focus from agriculture to ______.

Answer: petroleum

161. Petroleum accounts for over ______% of Nigeria’s export earnings.

Answer: 80

162. Overdependence on oil is known as the “______ syndrome.”

Answer: Dutch disease

163. Manufacturing is part of the ______ sector of the economy.

Answer: secondary

164. Trade and ICT belong to the ______ sector.

Answer: tertiary

165. Poor infrastructure discourages both local and ______ investors.

Answer: foreign

166. A major economic challenge in Nigeria is high ______ rates among graduates.
Answer: unemployment

167. Corruption reduces ______ in public institutions.

Answer: trust

168. Diversification means expanding the economy beyond ______.

Answer: oil

169. Reviving agriculture can improve food ______.

Answer: security

170. ICT development contributes to the digital ______.

Answer: economy

171. Overpopulation increases demand for land, food, and ______.

Answer: water

172. Industrialization often leads to air and water ______.

Answer: pollution

173. Oil spills destroy farmland and ______ in the Niger Delta.
Answer: rivers

174. Cutting trees without replanting causes ______.

Answer: deforestation

175. Desertification reduces ______ land in the north.

Answer: arable

176. Gas flaring releases harmful ______ into the air.

Answer: gases

177. Erosion is common in the ______ part of Nigeria.

Answer: southeastern

178. Flooding is often caused by blocked ______.

Answer: drainage systems

179. Waste disposal without recycling contributes to ______ pollution.

Answer: land
180. The National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency is called
______.
Answer: NESREA

181. Planting of new trees is known as ______.

Answer: afforestation

182. Re-planting trees in a cleared area is called ______.

Answer: reforestation

183. Public education creates ______ awareness.

Answer: environmental

184. Renewable energy sources include solar, wind, and ______.

Answer: hydro

185. Air pollution is caused by burning of ______.

Answer: fossil fuels

186. Soil erosion removes the top fertile layer of ______.

Answer: soil

187. Improper waste management produces ______ diseases.

Answer: communicable

188. Desertification is spreading in states like Sokoto, Yobe, and ______.

Answer: Borno

189. Oil spills in the Niger Delta are caused mainly by pipeline ______.
Answer: leakages

190. Nigeria’s environmental policy encourages ______ development.

Answer: sustainable
191. Hausa society was organized under ______ systems.
Answer: emirate

192. The Yoruba recognize Ile-Ife as their ______ homeland.

Answer: spiritual

193. The Benin Kingdom produced famous ______ artworks.

Answer: bronze

194. The Fulani Jihad established the ______ Caliphate.

Answer: Sokoto

195. The Igbo political system was based on ______ democracy.

Answer: village

196. Nigeria’s amalgamation occurred under Governor ______.

Answer: Lord Lugard

197. Nigeria gained independence from ______ in 1960.

Answer: Britain

198. The 1999 Constitution gives power to three branches: Executive, Legislature, and ______.
Answer: Judiciary

199. The current President of Nigeria is both the Head of State and Head of ______.
Answer: Government

200. The Nigerian economy suffers because of overdependence on a single ______.

Answer: resource (oil)

201. Civic education helps students become responsible ______.

Answer: citizens
202. Oil spills affect the environment by killing ______ life.
Answer: aquatic

203. Political apathy weakens the democratic ______.

Answer: process

204. NESREA enforces Nigeria’s ______ laws.

Answer: environmental

205. Desertification pushes communities to migrate in search of ______.

Answer: farmland

206. The Sokoto Caliphate spread ______ across northern Nigeria.

Answer: Islam

207. Igbo people are often referred to as highly ______.

Answer: entrepreneurial

208. Yoruba traditional religion involves worship of the ______.

Answer: Orishas

209. Nigeria’s legislative body has ______ chambers.

Answer: two

210. A key duty of every citizen is to obey the ______ of the land.
Answer: laws

211. Nigeria returned to civilian rule on May 29, ______.

Answer: 1999

212. Groundnut pyramids were found in the city of ______.

Answer: Kano
213. Cocoa export made the ______ Region wealthy.
Answer: Western

214. Oil was first discovered in commercial quantity in ______ State.

Answer: Rivers

215. Citizenship by registration often applies to a foreign woman married to a ______.

Answer: Nigerian man

216. Nigeria is divided into ______ states and the FCT.

Answer: 36

217. Abuja replaced ______ as the capital of Nigeria.

Answer: Lagos

218. The Nigerian civil war lasted from 1967 to ______.

Answer: 1970

219. The National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) was established in ______.
Answer: 1973

220. The Constitution guarantees freedom of ______, speech, and association.

Answer: expression

GST Flashcards

Prepared by The Prep

Part I: Easy Flashcards (100)

1. Q: Who are the Hausa?

A: One of the largest ethnic groups in Africa, found in Northern Nigeria.
2. Q: Where are the Hausa mainly located?
A: Kano, Katsina, Sokoto, Zamfara, and surrounding areas.

3. Q: What is the unifying language of Northern Nigeria?

A: Hausa.

4. Q: Who founded the Sokoto Caliphate?

A: Usman dan Fodio.

5. Q: What is the Fulani traditionally known for?

A: Cattle rearing and pastoralism.

6. Q: The Kanuri are mainly found in which state?

A: Borno.

7. Q: What empire did the Kanuri rule?

A: Kanem-Bornu Empire.

8. Q: The Nupe are skilled in what craft?

A: Blacksmithing and glassmaking.

9. Q: Where are the Tiv mainly located?

A: Benue State.

10. Q: What is the main crop of the Tiv?

A: Yam.

11. Q: The Yoruba are mostly found in which part of Nigeria?

A: South-West.

12. Q: Name one Yoruba empire.

A: Oyo Empire.
13. Q: The spiritual homeland of the Yoruba is?
A: Ile-Ife.

14. Q: Which ethnic group is known for entrepreneurship?

A: Igbo.

15. Q: The Igbo are mostly located in which region?

A: South-East.

16. Q: Who is the ruler of the Benin Kingdom?

A: The Oba of Benin.

17. Q: The Benin Kingdom is famous for which art?

A: Bronze art.

18. Q: The Itsekiri are mainly found in which state?

A: Delta State.

19. Q: The Ijaw live mainly in which region?

A: Niger Delta.

20. Q: What is the traditional occupation of the Ijaw?

A: Fishing.

21. Q: Nigeria has over how many languages?

A: Over 500.

22. Q: Hausa language belongs to which language family?

A: Afro-Asiatic.

23. Q: Yoruba language belongs to which language family?

A: Niger-Congo.
24. Q: Nigeria is located in which part of Africa?
A: West Africa.

25. Q: Which ocean borders Nigeria to the south?

A: Atlantic Ocean.

26. Q: Nigeria was amalgamated in what year?

A: 1914.

27. Q: Who amalgamated Nigeria?

A: Lord Lugard.

28. Q: Nigeria gained independence in what year?

A: 1960.

29. Q: Who was Nigeria’s first Prime Minister?

A: Tafawa Balewa.

30. Q: Who was Nigeria’s first President?

A: Nnamdi Azikiwe.

31. Q: The Clifford Constitution was introduced in what year?

A: 1922.

32. Q: The Richards Constitution was introduced in what year?

A: 1946.

33. Q: The Macpherson Constitution was enacted in what year?

A: 1951.

34. Q: The Lyttleton Constitution was introduced in what year?

A: 1954.
35. Q: The Independence Constitution was enacted in?
A: 1960.

36. Q: The Republican Constitution was introduced in?

A: 1963.

37. Q: The 1999 Constitution is the ______ law of Nigeria.

A: Supreme.

38. Q: Nigeria’s economy before oil was based on?

A: Agriculture.

39. Q: Groundnut pyramids were found in which city?

A: Kano.

40. Q: Cocoa was the main cash crop of which region?

A: Western region.

41. Q: Palm oil was the main cash crop of which region?
A: Eastern region.

42. Q: Oil was discovered in commercial quantity in which year?

A: 1956.

43. Q: Oil was first discovered in which state?

A: Rivers State.

44. Q: The economy is divided into how many sectors?

A: Three (primary, secondary, tertiary).

45. Q: Primary activities include?

A: Farming and mining.
46. Q: Secondary activities include?
A: Manufacturing.

47. Q: Tertiary activities include?

A: Services and trade.

48. Q: Nigeria suffers from overdependence on which resource?

A: Oil.

49. Q: A citizen is one who owes ______ to a state.

A: Allegiance.

50. Q: A citizen enjoys the protection of the ______.

A: State.

51. Q: Rights of citizens are also called ______ rights.

A: Fundamental.

52. Q: Citizens have the duty to obey ______.

A: Laws.

53. Q: Paying ______ is a duty of Nigerian citizens.

A: Taxes.

54. Q: Voting is both a right and a ______.

A: Duty.

55. Q: Citizenship by birth is the most ______ type.

A: Common.

56. Q: Citizenship can also be acquired by ______.

A: Naturalization.
57. Q: Loyalty to Nigeria is expressed through the National ______.
A: Pledge.

58. Q: Nigeria’s National Anthem emphasizes unity, peace, and ______.

A: Progress.

59. Q: One negative youth behavior is ______ malpractice.

A: Examination.

60. Q: Cultism is common in Nigerian ______.

A: Universities.

61. Q: Cybercrime is popularly called ______.

A: Internet fraud.

62. Q: Political apathy means not participating in ______.

A: Governance.

63. Q: Nigeria’s natural environment includes land, water, air, vegetation, and ______.
A: Wildlife.

64. Q: Cutting down trees without replanting is called ______.

A: Deforestation.

65. Q: Expansion of desert into farmlands is called ______.

A: Desertification.

66. Q: Planting new trees is called ______.

A: Afforestation.

67. Q: Re-planting trees in a cleared area is called ______.

A: Reforestation.
68. Q: NESREA enforces ______ laws in Nigeria.
A: Environmental.

69. Q: Oil spillage mostly affects the ______ region.

A: Niger Delta.

70. Q: Gas flaring releases harmful ______.

A: Gases.

71. Q: Erosion is common in which part of Nigeria?

A: South-East.

72. Q: Flooding is often caused by poor ______ systems.

A: Drainage.

73. Q: Renewable sources of energy include solar, wind, and ______.

A: Hydro.

74. Q: Desertification is worst in which region?

A: Northern Nigeria.

75. Q: Nigeria’s capital city today is ______.

A: Abuja.

76. Q: Abuja became the capital in what year?

A: 1991.

77. Q: Which city was the former capital of Nigeria?

A: Lagos.

78. Q: Nigeria is divided into how many states?

A: 36 states and the FCT.
79. Q: Nigeria has how many geopolitical zones?
A: Six.

80. Q: Independence Day is celebrated on ______ 1st.

A: October.

81. Q: The Nigerian civil war lasted from 1967 to ______.

A: 1970.

82. Q: Who was the first military Head of State of Nigeria?

A: Major General Aguiyi Ironsi.

83. Q: Who overthrew the first republic?

A: The military in 1966.

84. Q: Nigeria returned to civilian rule in what year?

A: 1999.

85. Q: Who was Nigeria’s first civilian president in 1999?

A: Olusegun Obasanjo.

86. Q: The Nigerian currency is called the ______.

A: Naira.

87. Q: The unit of the currency is called the ______.

A: Kobo.

88. Q: Which sector currently dominates Nigeria’s economy?

A: Oil sector.

89. Q: Diversification means reducing reliance on ______.

A: Oil.
90. Q: ICT belongs to which sector of the economy?
A: Tertiary sector.

91. Q: Unemployment is a major ______ problem in Nigeria.

A: Economic.

92. Q: Corruption reduces public ______.

A: Trust.

93. Q: The Constitution divides power into three arms: Executive, Legislature, and ______.
A: Judiciary.

94. Q: The Legislature in Nigeria is called the National ______.

A: Assembly.

95. Q: The National Assembly is made up of the Senate and the ______.
A: House of Representatives.

96. Q: The Senate has ______ members.

A: 109.

97. Q: The House of Representatives has ______ members.

A: 360.

98. Q: Nigeria is a ______ republic.

A: Federal.

99. Q: The Constitution guarantees freedom of speech, association, and ______.

A: Religion.

100. Q: The supreme law of Nigeria is the ______.

A: 1999 Constitution.

101. Q: What was the main political organization of the Hausa states before colonialism?
A: Emirate system.

102. Q: How did the Fulani Jihad affect Northern Nigeria?

A: It established the Sokoto Caliphate and spread Islam.

103. Q: What was the economic role of the Nupe people?

A: They were known for crafts, fishing, and trade.

104. Q: How was Tiv society organized politically?

A: Through kinship and councils of elders.

105. Q: Name two Yoruba states that played major roles in pre-colonial politics.
A: Oyo and Ife.

106. Q: What system of governance did the Igbo practice?

A: Village democracy.

107. Q: Why was Benin Kingdom influential in West Africa?

A: Its art, strong monarchy, and military.

108. Q: How did the Itsekiri benefit from their coastal location?
A: Through trade with Europeans.

109. Q: The Ijaw’s economy is linked to which modern resource?

A: Oil in the Niger Delta.

110. Q: What unites Nigeria despite ethnic differences?

A: National identity and federal constitution.

111. Q: What are the major cultural zones of Nigeria?

A: North, South-West, South-East, and South-South.

112. Q: Why is Nigeria considered linguistically diverse?

A: It has over 500 languages.

113. Q: Which language family does Yoruba belong to?

A: Niger-Congo.

114. Q: Which language family does Hausa belong to?

A: Afro-Asiatic.

115. Q: Why was Nigeria attractive to British colonial powers?

A: Strategic trade location and resources.

116. Q: Who carried out the Amalgamation of 1914?

A: Lord Lugard.

117. Q: Why did the British amalgamate Nigeria?

A: For administrative convenience and economic benefits.

118. Q: What is indirect rule?

A: Governing through traditional rulers under colonial supervision.

119. Q: Which constitution first introduced elective principles?

A: Clifford Constitution (1922).

120. Q: How many Nigerians were elected under the Clifford Constitution?
A: Four.

121. Q: What was unique about the Richards Constitution (1946)?

A: It introduced regional representation.

122. Q: Which constitution gave Nigerians more involvement in politics?

A: Macpherson Constitution (1951).

123. Q: Which constitution introduced true federalism?

A: Lyttleton Constitution (1954).

124. Q: What year did Nigeria become independent?

A: 1960.

125. Q: Who was Nigeria’s first Governor-General?

A: Nnamdi Azikiwe.

126. Q: What was the major change under the Republican Constitution (1963)?
A: Nigeria had its own President as Head of State.

127. Q: Which constitution introduced the presidential system?

A: 1979 Constitution.

128. Q: The 1999 Constitution guarantees which category of rights?

A: Fundamental Human Rights.

129. Q: Which arm of government makes laws?

A: Legislature.

130. Q: Which arm of government enforces laws?

A: Executive.

131. Q: Which arm of government interprets laws?

A: Judiciary.

132. Q: What is the composition of Nigeria’s Senate?

A: 109 members.

133. Q: What is the composition of Nigeria’s House of Representatives?

A: 360 members.

134. Q: What is the duty of the National Assembly?

A: To make laws for the country.

135. Q: What is one economic activity common across Nigeria before oil?
A: Farming.

136. Q: What region produced cocoa as a cash crop?

A: Western region.

137. Q: What region produced palm oil as a cash crop?

A: Eastern region.

138. Q: What region produced groundnut as a cash crop?

A: Northern region.

139. Q: What major resource was discovered in Oloibiri in 1956?

A: Petroleum.

140. Q: Petroleum now contributes more than ______% of export earnings.

A: 80%.

141. Q: Overdependence on oil is called?

A: Dutch disease.

142. Q: Which sector processes raw materials?

A: Secondary sector.

143. Q: Which sector provides services?

A: Tertiary sector.

144. Q: Why is diversification important?

A: To reduce dependence on oil and improve stability.

145. Q: What is one major challenge of the Nigerian economy?

A: Corruption.

146. Q: What does unemployment cause in society?

A: Poverty and social unrest.

147. Q: Who is a citizen?

A: A person recognized by law as a member of a state.

148. Q: What is the main duty of a citizen?

A: Obedience to laws.

149. Q: List two rights of a Nigerian citizen.

A: Right to life, right to education.

150. Q: Citizenship can be acquired by ______, registration, or naturalization.

A: Birth.

151. Q: How many years are required for naturalization?

A: 15 years.

152. Q: Citizenship can be lost through ______.

A: Disloyalty or fraud.

153. Q: Paying taxes is an example of a ______ duty.

A: Financial.

154. Q: Voting is an example of a ______ duty.

A: Civic.

155. Q: What is the negative effect of political apathy?

A: Weak democracy.

156. Q: Cultism is a problem in Nigerian ______.

A: Universities.

157. Q: Cybercrime damages Nigeria’s ______.

A: International image.

158. Q: What are Nigeria’s natural resources?

A: Oil, gas, minerals, farmland.

159. Q: What are Nigeria’s environmental problems?

A: Pollution, deforestation, desertification, flooding.

160. Q: What causes deforestation?

A: Cutting down trees without replanting.

161. Q: What causes desertification?

A: Overgrazing and deforestation in northern states.

162. Q: Which region is worst hit by erosion?

A: South-East.

163. Q: Oil spills mostly affect which region?

A: Niger Delta.

164. Q: What is NESREA responsible for?

A: Enforcing environmental laws.

165. Q: What does afforestation mean?

A: Planting trees in new areas.

166. Q: What does reforestation mean?

A: Replanting trees in areas cleared.

167. Q: What does renewable energy include?

A: Solar, wind, hydro.

168. Q: What is the aim of environmental protection?

A: Sustainable development.

169. Q: Flooding is caused by blocked ______.

A: Drainage systems.

170. Q: Which agency protects the environment in Nigeria?

A: NESREA.

171. Q: When was Abuja made the capital?

A: 1991.

172. Q: What was Nigeria’s previous capital?

A: Lagos.

173. Q: When did the Nigerian civil war occur?

A: 1967–1970.

174. Q: What caused the Nigerian civil war?

A: Secession attempt by Biafra.

175. Q: Who was Nigeria’s first President after independence?

A: Nnamdi Azikiwe.

176. Q: Who was Nigeria’s first Prime Minister?

A: Tafawa Balewa.

177. Q: Who overthrew the First Republic?

A: The military in 1966.

178. Q: Who was the first military Head of State?

A: Major General Aguiyi Ironsi.

179. Q: Who led Nigeria after the civil war?

A: Yakubu Gowon.

180. Q: The 1979 Constitution introduced which system?

A: Presidential system.

181. Q: The 1999 Constitution established Nigeria as a ______.

A: Federal Republic.

182. Q: How many states are in Nigeria?

A: 36 states + FCT.

183. Q: Nigeria is divided into how many geopolitical zones?

A: Six.

184. Q: List three major ethnic groups in Nigeria.

A: Hausa-Fulani, Yoruba, Igbo.

185. Q: What unites all ethnic groups?

A: National identity.

186. Q: What is one cultural contribution of the Yoruba?

A: Sculpture and arts.

187. Q: What is one cultural contribution of the Igbo?

A: Trade and entrepreneurship.

188. Q: What is one cultural contribution of the Hausa?

A: Islamic scholarship.

189. Q: What is one cultural contribution of the Bini?

A: Bronze artworks.

190. Q: What is one cultural contribution of the Itsekiri?

A: Riverine trade.

191. Q: What is one cultural contribution of the Ijaw?

A: Fishing and marine lifestyle.

192. Q: Nigeria’s Constitution divides government into how many arms?

A: Three.

193. Q: The Executive is headed by the ______.

A: President.

194. Q: The Legislature is made up of how many chambers?

A: Two.

195. Q: The Judiciary is headed by the ______.

A: Chief Justice.

196. Q: The Sokoto Caliphate spread which religion?

A: Islam.

197. Q: Igbo society was based on what type of governance?

A: Decentralized.

198. Q: Yoruba kingdoms were ruled by whom?

A: Obas.

199. Q: Benin Kingdom’s ruler is called the ______.

A: Oba.

200. Q: The Ijaw are part of which larger cultural zone?

A: South-South.

GST Flashcards (Hard 201–300)

Prepared by The Prep.

201. Q: Explain how the Hausa-Fulani identity emerged.

A: Through the cultural blending of Hausa traders and Fulani pastoralists, especially after the
Fulani Jihad.

202. Q: Why was the Sokoto Caliphate important in Nigeria’s history?

A: It established Islamic law and governance that shaped Northern politics and culture.

203. Q: How did the Kanem-Bornu Empire influence Nigeria?

A: By introducing strong Islamic scholarship, trade routes, and centralized rule in the northeast.

204. Q: Compare the Tiv and Igbo political systems.

A: Both were decentralized, relying on kinship and village assemblies rather than centralized
monarchies.

205. Q: What was unique about the Oyo Empire?

A: Its system of checks and balances between the Alaafin (king) and the Oyo Mesi (council).

206. Q: Why is Ile-Ife significant to the Yoruba?

A: It is regarded as their spiritual and cultural homeland.

207. Q: How did the Igbo adapt politically without centralized kingship?
A: They used village assemblies, age grades, and councils of elders for governance.

208. Q: Why were the Benin bronzes historically significant?

A: They showed advanced metallurgy and documented Benin’s history.

209. Q: What advantage did the Itsekiri have in trade?

A: Their coastal location allowed early contact with Europeans.
210. Q: How does oil wealth affect the Ijaw people today?
A: It brings revenue but also causes environmental degradation and conflict.

211. Q: How does Nigeria’s cultural diversity strengthen it?

A: It enriches art, language, and traditions, fostering creativity and resilience.

212. Q: How does diversity also challenge Nigeria?

A: It can fuel ethnic tension and political division.

213. Q: Why was amalgamation criticized?

A: It forced different ethnic groups into one state without consultation.

214. Q: How did indirect rule succeed in the North?

A: Because emirate systems already existed, making adaptation easy.

215. Q: Why did indirect rule face problems in the South?

A: Because societies like the Igbo lacked centralized rulers.

216. Q: What did the Clifford Constitution achieve for Nigerians?

A: It introduced elective principles, though limited.

217. Q: What was a limitation of the Clifford Constitution?

A: Very few Nigerians could participate in politics.

218. Q: How did the Richards Constitution pave way for federalism?
A: By introducing regional representation.

219. Q: Why was the Macpherson Constitution more participatory?

A: It was drafted after consulting Nigerians widely.

220. Q: How did the Lyttleton Constitution prepare Nigeria for independence?
A: By introducing federalism and regional autonomy.
221. Q: What role did political parties play in independence?
A: They mobilized Nigerians for self-rule.

222. Q: What was the major weakness of the 1960 Independence Constitution?
A: It retained the British monarch as Head of State.

223. Q: Why was the 1963 Republican Constitution significant?

A: It made Nigeria a fully sovereign republic.

224. Q: What was unique about the 1979 Constitution?

A: It introduced the presidential system.

225. Q: Why is the 1999 Constitution important?

A: It restored democracy after years of military rule.

226. Q: How does separation of powers promote democracy?

A: By preventing abuse of power among the Executive, Legislature, and Judiciary.

227. Q: What is one check the Legislature has on the Executive?

A: Oversight functions like approving budgets.

228. Q: What is one check the Judiciary has on other arms?

A: Judicial review of laws and actions.

229. Q: How does agriculture remain vital despite oil?

A: It provides food security and employment.

230. Q: What was the effect of neglecting agriculture after oil discovery?
A: Food imports increased and rural poverty worsened.

231. Q: Why is diversification urgent in Nigeria’s economy?

A: Oil prices fluctuate, causing instability.
232. Q: How does unemployment affect national development?
A: It leads to crime, poverty, and wasted human resources.

233. Q: Why is corruption seen as Nigeria’s greatest obstacle?

A: It drains resources and hinders progress.

234. Q: How can ICT boost Nigeria’s economy?

A: By creating jobs and integrating Nigeria into the digital economy.

235. Q: Why is infrastructure crucial for economic growth?

A: It attracts investment and enables industries to thrive.

236. Q: How does paying taxes help national development?

A: It funds public services and infrastructure.

237. Q: Why is voting a responsibility as well as a right?

A: It strengthens democracy through citizen participation.

238. Q: How does disloyalty affect citizenship?

A: It may cause loss of citizenship rights.

239. Q: What is the link between citizenship and national unity?

A: Responsible citizens build stronger unity.

240. Q: Why is political apathy dangerous in a democracy?

A: It gives room for bad governance.

241. Q: What is the effect of cultism on education?

A: It causes violence and disrupts learning.

242. Q: How does cybercrime harm Nigeria internationally?

A: It tarnishes reputation and discourages investment.
243. Q: Why is respect for authority necessary in society?
A: It maintains order and peace.

244. Q: Why is environmental protection linked to national development?

A: A healthy environment sustains resources for growth.

245. Q: How does deforestation worsen climate change?

A: It reduces trees that absorb carbon dioxide.

246. Q: How does desertification harm farmers?

A: It reduces arable land.

247. Q: Why is erosion a threat in the South-East?

A: It washes away fertile soil and destroys homes.

248. Q: How do oil spills affect Niger Delta communities?

A: They pollute water, kill fish, and destroy livelihoods.

249. Q: Why is gas flaring dangerous?

A: It releases toxic gases that harm health.

250. Q: What is the role of NESREA?

A: Enforcing environmental regulations.

251. Q: Why is afforestation important?

A: It restores balance and prevents desertification.

252. Q: How can renewable energy help Nigeria?

A: It reduces reliance on fossil fuels.

253. Q: Why is public awareness important for solving environmental problems?

A: Citizens must participate actively.
254. Q: What is the concept of sustainable development?
A: Development that meets present needs without harming the future.

255. Q: How did colonialism change Nigeria’s economy?

A: Shifted it to cash crop production for export.

256. Q: What was the impact of amalgamation on Nigerian unity?

A: It created artificial unity with hidden divisions.

257. Q: How did the Nigerian civil war affect national unity?
A: It tested the strength of unity but led to “No victor, no vanquished” policy.

258. Q: How does the federal system accommodate diversity?

A: By allowing states autonomy within unity.

259. Q: What is one challenge of federalism in Nigeria?

A: Ethnic competition for resources.

260. Q: How can true federalism strengthen democracy?

A: By giving equal power to all states.

261. Q: What is the connection between rights and duties?

A: Enjoying rights requires fulfilling duties.

262. Q: How can Nigerian youths show good citizenship?

A: By voting, obeying laws, and avoiding crime.

263. Q: Why is paying taxes patriotic?

A: It funds national projects.

264. Q: How does loyalty manifest in daily life?

A: Respecting national symbols and obeying laws.
265. Q: What is the relationship between economy and environment?
A: Economic activities can damage or sustain the environment.

266. Q: How can ICT fight unemployment?

A: By creating digital jobs.

267. Q: How do environmental laws protect citizens?

A: By ensuring safe air, water, and land.

268. Q: Why is the Constitution called supreme law?

A: All other laws derive authority from it.

269. Q: How does the Judiciary protect citizens?

A: By upholding their rights.

270. Q: What is the danger of corruption in elections?

A: It produces unrepresentative leaders.

271. Q: How do ethnic groups influence politics?

A: Through voting patterns and regional interests.

272. Q: Why is citizenship education included in GST?

A: To produce responsible and active citizens.

273. Q: How does agriculture contribute to GDP?

A: Through food production and exports.

274. Q: Why does oil create conflict in Nigeria?

A: Because of revenue sharing and environmental damage.

275. Q: What was Nigeria’s greatest political crisis after independence?

A: The civil war.
276. Q: Why is October 1st significant in Nigeria?
A: Independence Day.

277. Q: Why is May 29th significant in Nigeria?

A: Democracy Day (return to civilian rule).

278. Q: How do constitutions evolve in Nigeria?

A: Through reforms and political changes.

279. Q: What is the benefit of regional representation in governance?

A: It gives all groups a voice.

280. Q: How does the economy affect politics?

A: Economic hardship influences political instability.

281. Q: How does politics affect the economy?

A: Policies determine growth or decline.

282. Q: What is one environmental consequence of oil exploration?

A: Pollution.

283. Q: How do floods affect development?

A: They destroy infrastructure and displace people.

284. Q: What is the main source of desertification?

A: Overgrazing and poor land use.

285. Q: How does education reduce political apathy?

A: It enlightens citizens on their role.

286. Q: Why is youth empowerment critical?

A: It reduces crime and builds the future.
287. Q: What is the role of federal character principle?
A: To ensure fair representation of all regions.

288. Q: Why was the 1963 Constitution republican?

A: It removed British monarchy influence.

289. Q: What is the weakness of relying on oil revenue?

A: Price fluctuations cause economic instability.

290. Q: How can agriculture reduce unemployment?

A: By creating jobs for millions.

291. Q: How does corruption harm environment policies?

A: By preventing enforcement.

292. Q: Why is unity in diversity important for Nigeria?

A: It keeps different groups working together.

293. Q: What are signs of poor citizenship among youths?

A: Exam malpractice, cultism, apathy.

294. Q: What does democracy require from citizens?

A: Participation and vigilance.

295. Q: Why is sustainable development vital?

A: It protects future generations.

296. Q: What is Nigeria’s major challenge in governance?

A: Corruption and mismanagement.

297. Q: Why is agriculture called the backbone of the economy?

A: It sustains the majority of the population.
298. Q: Why is oil called a “blessing and a curse”?
A: It brings revenue but fuels corruption and conflict.

299. Q: What is the ultimate goal of GST courses?

A: To build informed, responsible, and patriotic citizens.

300. Q: How can students apply this GST knowledge in life?

A: By practicing good citizenship, respecting diversity, and contributing to development.

GST Multiple-Choice Questions (Easy 1–100)

Prepared by The Prep

1. The Hausa are mainly found in ______ Nigeria.

A) Eastern
B) Western
C) Northern
D) Southern
Answer: C) Northern

2. The Fulani are traditionally known for ______.

A) Fishing
B) Farming
C) Cattle rearing
D) Pottery
Answer: C) Cattle rearing

3. Who founded the Sokoto Caliphate?

A) Nnamdi Azikiwe
B) Usman dan Fodio
C) Obafemi Awolowo
D) Ahmadu Bello
Answer: B) Usman dan Fodio

4. The Kanuri are associated with the ______ Empire.

A) Oyo
B) Kanem-Bornu
C) Benin
D) Biafra
Answer: B) Kanem-Bornu

5. The Tiv are mainly located in ______ State.

A) Lagos
B) Kano
C) Benue
D) Rivers
Answer: C) Benue

6. The Yoruba spiritual homeland is ______.

A) Oyo
B) Ile-Ife
C) Lagos
D) Ekiti
Answer: B) Ile-Ife

7. The Igbo are concentrated in the ______.

A) North
B) South-East
C) South-West
D) South-South
Answer: B) South-East

8. The Bini people live in ______ State.

A) Edo
B) Delta
C) Enugu
D) Ondo
Answer: A) Edo

9. The Oba of Benin is a ______.

A) Chief priest
B) Traditional ruler
C) Colonial officer
D) Politician
Answer: B) Traditional ruler
10. The Ijaw are mainly found in the ______.
A) Sahara Desert
B) Savannah
C) Niger Delta
D) Plateau
Answer: C) Niger Delta

11. Nigeria was amalgamated in ______.

A) 1946
B) 1960
C) 1914
D) 1979
Answer: C) 1914

12. Nigeria gained independence in ______.

A) 1954
B) 1960
C) 1963
D) 1999
Answer: B) 1960

13. Nigeria became a Republic in ______.

A) 1963
B) 1960
C) 1999
D) 1979
Answer: A) 1963

14. The Clifford Constitution was introduced in ______.

A) 1946
B) 1951
C) 1922
D) 1954
Answer: C) 1922

15. The Lyttleton Constitution was enacted in ______.

A) 1954
B) 1946
C) 1960
D) 1979
Answer: A) 1954

16. The Republican Constitution came in ______.

A) 1979
B) 1963
C) 1999
D) 1960
Answer: B) 1963

17. The Constitution that introduced the presidential system was ______.
A) 1960
B) 1979
C) 1999
D) 1963
Answer: B) 1979

18. The 1999 Constitution is the ______ law of Nigeria.

A) Criminal
B) Supreme
C) Electoral
D) Judicial
Answer: B) Supreme

19. Which Constitution first introduced elective principles?

A) Clifford
B) Richards
C) Macpherson
D) Lyttleton
Answer: A) Clifford

20. Which Constitution introduced true federalism?

A) 1946
B) 1951
C) 1954
D) 1979
Answer: C) 1954
21. Who was Nigeria’s first Prime Minister?
A) Tafawa Balewa
B) Nnamdi Azikiwe
C) Olusegun Obasanjo
D) Yakubu Gowon
Answer: A) Tafawa Balewa

22. Who was Nigeria’s first President?

A) Goodluck Jonathan
B) Nnamdi Azikiwe
C) Tafawa Balewa
D) Shehu Shagari
Answer: B) Nnamdi Azikiwe

23. Who amalgamated Nigeria?

A) Herbert Macaulay
B) Lord Lugard
C) Obafemi Awolowo
D) Ahmadu Bello
Answer: B) Lord Lugard

24. Who was Nigeria’s first military Head of State?

A) Olusegun Obasanjo
B) Aguiyi Ironsi
C) Yakubu Gowon
D) Murtala Mohammed
Answer: B) Aguiyi Ironsi

25. Nigeria returned to civilian rule in ______.

A) 1999
B) 1979
C) 1963
D) 1985
Answer: A) 1999

26. Nigeria’s first civilian president under 1999 democracy was ______.
A) Olusegun Obasanjo
B) Umaru Musa Yar’Adua
C) Goodluck Jonathan
D) Shehu Shagari
Answer: A) Olusegun Obasanjo

27. The Nigerian civil war lasted from ______.

A) 1960–1963
B) 1967–1970
C) 1975–1979
D) 1983–1985
Answer: B) 1967–1970

28. Democracy Day is celebrated on ______.

A) October 1
B) January 1
C) May 29
D) December 25
Answer: C) May 29

29. Independence Day is celebrated on ______.

A) October 1
B) January 15
C) June 12
D) May 29
Answer: A) October 1

30. Abuja became Nigeria’s capital in ______.

A) 1991
B) 1979
C) 1960
D) 1985
Answer: A) 1991

31. Which sector dominated Nigeria’s economy before oil?

A) Agriculture
B) ICT
C) Banking
D) Oil
Answer: A) Agriculture

32. Oil was discovered in Nigeria in ______.

A) 1950
B) 1956
C) 1963
D) 1970
Answer: B) 1956

33. Oil was first discovered in which state?

A) Lagos
B) Enugu
C) Rivers
D) Kano
Answer: C) Rivers

34. Cocoa was the major crop of the ______ region.

A) Northern
B) Western
C) Eastern
D) Southern
Answer: B) Western

35. Palm oil was the major crop of the ______ region.
A) Northern
B) Western
C) Eastern
D) Central
Answer: C) Eastern

36. Groundnut was a major crop of the ______ region.

A) Eastern
B) Northern
C) Southern
D) Western
Answer: B) Northern

37. Overdependence on oil is also known as ______.

A) Dutch disease
B) Oil curse
C) Black gold
D) Fuel crisis
Answer: A) Dutch disease

38. The economy is divided into how many sectors?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
Answer: B) 3

39. Manufacturing belongs to which sector?

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) None
Answer: B) Secondary

40. Trade belongs to which sector?

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Industrial
Answer: C) Tertiary

41. A citizen owes ______ to the state.

A) Money
B) Allegiance
C) Gifts
D) Property
Answer: B) Allegiance

42. Citizens enjoy ______ rights.

A) Fundamental
B) Basic
C) Optional
D) Minor
Answer: A) Fundamental

43. Obeying laws is a ______ of citizens.

A) Right
B) Duty
C) Gift
D) Privilege
Answer: B) Duty

44. Paying taxes is a ______ duty.

A) Civic
B) Financial
C) Political
D) Religious
Answer: B) Financial

45. Voting is both a right and a ______.

A) Gift
B) Duty
C) Law
D) Privilege
Answer: B) Duty

46. Citizenship can be acquired by ______.

A) Birth
B) Registration
C) Naturalization
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

47. The highest citizenship honor is ______ conferment.

A) Honorary
B) Military
C) Political
D) Academic
Answer: A) Honorary

48. Political apathy means ______.

A) Excessive politics
B) Lack of interest in politics
C) Political violence
D) Supporting government blindly
Answer: B) Lack of interest in politics

49. Cultism is mostly found in ______.

A) Universities
B) Farms
C) Markets
D) Mosques
Answer: A) Universities

50. Cybercrime is popularly known as ______.

A) Advance fee fraud
B) Yahoo-Yahoo
C) Internet fraud
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

51. Nigeria’s natural environment includes land, air, water, vegetation, and ______.
A) Minerals
B) Wildlife
C) Climate
D) Soil
Answer: B) Wildlife

52. Cutting trees without replacement is called ______.

A) Afforestation
B) Desertification
C) Deforestation
D) Erosion
Answer: C) Deforestation

53. Planting trees in a new area is ______.

A) Reforestation
B) Afforestation
C) Agroforestry
D) Farming
Answer: B) Afforestation

54. Re-planting trees in cleared areas is ______.

A) Afforestation
B) Deforestation
C) Reforestation
D) Forestry
Answer: C) Reforestation

55. Desertification is mostly found in ______ Nigeria.

A) Southern
B) Eastern
C) Northern
D) Western
Answer: C) Northern

56. Erosion is common in ______ Nigeria.

A) Northern
B) Eastern
C) Western
D) Central
Answer: B) Eastern

57. Oil spillage affects the ______ region.

A) North
B) South-East
C) Niger Delta
D) South-West
Answer: C) Niger Delta

58. Gas flaring pollutes the ______.

A) Soil
B) Air
C) Water
D) Vegetation
Answer: B) Air

59. Flooding is often caused by poor ______.

A) Roads
B) Drainage
C) Farming
D) Schools
Answer: B) Drainage
60. The agency in charge of environmental enforcement is ______.
A) EFCC
B) NESREA
C) NAFDAC
D) NNPC
Answer: B) NESREA

61. Which renewable energy source is common in Nigeria?

A) Solar
B) Nuclear
C) Geothermal
D) Coal
Answer: A) Solar

62. Which practice reduces desertification?

A) Overgrazing
B) Afforestation
C) Bush burning
D) Sand mining
Answer: B) Afforestation

63. The top fertile layer of soil is removed by ______.

A) Flooding
B) Erosion
C) Desertification
D) Bush burning
Answer: B) Erosion

64. Public awareness is important in solving ______ problems.

A) Economic
B) Cultural
C) Environmental
D) Political
Answer: C) Environmental

65. Which of the following causes air pollution?

A) Gas flaring
B) Planting trees
C) Recycling
D) Fishing
Answer: A) Gas flaring

66. Oil spillage destroys ______ life.

A) Animal
B) Plant
C) Aquatic
D) Forest
Answer: C) Aquatic

67. Flooding displaces ______.

A) Trees
B) People
C) Minerals
D) Fish
Answer: B) People

68. NESREA stands for National Environmental Standards and ______ Enforcement Agency.
A) Resource
B) Regulation
C) River
D) Road
Answer: B) Regulation

69. Cutting trees without planting is called ______.

A) Deforestation
B) Reforestation
C) Afforestation
D) Regeneration
Answer: A) Deforestation

70. Planting trees in cleared areas is called ______.

A) Desertification
B) Afforestation
C) Reforestation
D) Deforestation
Answer: C) Reforestation
71. The Nigerian Legislature is made up of how many chambers?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
Answer: B) 2

72. The Upper House of the National Assembly is the ______.

A) Senate
B) House of Representatives
C) Judiciary
D) Cabinet
Answer: A) Senate

73. The Lower House is the ______.

A) Senate
B) House of Representatives
C) Supreme Court
D) Ministers
Answer: B) House of Representatives

74. The Senate has how many members?

A) 109
B) 250
C) 300
D) 360
Answer: A) 109

75. The House of Representatives has how many members?

A) 100
B) 200
C) 300
D) 360
Answer: D) 360

76. The Constitution separates government powers into how many arms?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
Answer: B) 3

77. The Executive arm of government is headed by the ______.

A) Senate President
B) President
C) Chief Justice
D) Speaker
Answer: B) President

78. The Judiciary is headed by the ______.

A) President
B) Senate
C) Chief Justice
D) Governor
Answer: C) Chief Justice

79. The Legislature makes ______.

A) Laws
B) Policies
C) Budgets
D) Decrees
Answer: A) Laws

80. The Judiciary interprets ______.

A) Rules
B) Laws
C) Policies
D) Decrees
Answer: B) Law.

81. The sector that extracts raw materials is ______.

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary
Answer: A) Primary

82. The sector that processes raw materials is ______.

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Informal
Answer: B) Secondary

83. The sector that provides services is ______.

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Informal
Answer: C) Tertiary

84. Nigeria’s economy heavily depends on ______.

A) Oil
B) Gold
C) Cocoa
D) Timber
Answer: A) Oil

85. A major problem of Nigeria’s economy is ______.

A) Abundance of resources
B) Overdependence on oil
C) Foreign aid
D) Too many factories
Answer: B) Overdependence on oil

86. The discovery of oil reduced focus on ______.

A) Mining
B) Farming
C) Banking
D) ICT
Answer: B) Farming

87. Unemployment leads to ______.

A) Wealth
B) Poverty
C) Industrial growth
D) Food security
Answer: B) Poverty

88. Corruption reduces public ______.

A) Trust
B) Revenue
C) Confidence
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

89. Diversification means reducing reliance on ______.

A) Farming
B) ICT
C) Oil
D) Industry
Answer: C) Oil

90. Cocoa is produced mainly in the ______ region.

A) South-East
B) South-West
C) North
D) Central
Answer: B) South-West

91. Citizens show loyalty by reciting the National ______.

A) Anthem
B) Pledge
C) Song
D) Poem
Answer: B) Pledge

92. The National Anthem emphasizes unity, peace, and ______.

A) Wealth
B) Progress
C) Freedom
D) Culture
Answer: B) Progress

93. One duty of citizens is to pay ______.

A) Wages
B) Bribes
C) Taxes
D) Salaries
Answer: C) Taxes

94. One right of citizens is the right to ______.

A) Cheat
B) Life
C) Corruption
D) Crime
Answer: B) Life

95. Citizenship by birth is the most ______ form.

A) Common
B) Rare
C) Difficult
D) Expensive
Answer: A) Common

96. Citizenship by naturalization requires ______ years of residence.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20
Answer: C) 15

97. Youths sometimes show poor citizenship through ______.

A) Hard work
B) Cultism
C) Honesty
D) Patriotism
Answer: B) Cultism

98. Political apathy weakens ______.

A) Democracy
B) Sports
C) Culture
D) Festivals
Answer: A) Democracy
99. The Constitution protects ______ rights.
A) Optional
B) Fundamental
C) Basic
D) Minor
Answer: B) Fundamental

100. The supreme law guiding Nigeria today is the Constitution of ______.
A) 1963
B) 1979
C) 1999
D) 1922
Answer: C) 1999

GST 101-200 MEDIUM.

101. The Hausa political system was mainly organized under the ______.
A) Kingdom system
B) Emirate system
C) Village democracy
D) Council of elders
Answer: B) Emirate system
Explanation: Hausa states were ruled by emirs under Islamic law.

102. The Fulani Jihad led to the establishment of ______.

A) Benin Kingdom
B) Sokoto Caliphate
C) Oyo Empire
D) Borno Kingdom
Answer: B) Sokoto Caliphate
Explanation: Usman dan Fodio’s Jihad (1804) established the Sokoto Caliphate in Northern
Nigeria.

103. The Tiv social structure was based on ______.

A) Centralized monarchy
B) Kinship and elders
C) Military rule
D) Colonial system
Answer: B) Kinship and elders
Explanation: The Tiv had no centralized ruler; leadership was communal.
104. The Yoruba Oyo Empire was unique because of ______.
A) Its council system
B) Its trade with Europeans
C) Its location
D) Its natural resources
Answer: A) Its council system
Explanation: The Alaafin ruled with checks from the Oyo Mesi council.

105. The Igbo practiced a political system known as ______.

A) Feudalism
B) Central monarchy
C) Village democracy
D) Emirate rule
Answer: C) Village democracy
Explanation: Igbo villages governed themselves through assemblies and age grades.

106. The Benin Kingdom was famous for producing ______.

A) Pottery
B) Bronze art
C) Cotton textiles
D) Cowries
Answer: B) Bronze art
Explanation: The Benin bronzes are world-renowned artworks.

107. The Itsekiri gained advantage from their ______.

A) Desert lands
B) Fishing techniques
C) Coastal trade with Europeans
D) Farming system
Answer: C) Coastal trade with Europeans
Explanation: Their riverine location allowed early European trade.

108. The Ijaw people are linked with modern Nigeria’s ______.
A) Timber industry
B) Oil exploration
C) Cocoa trade
D) Textile industry
Answer: B) Oil exploration
Explanation: The Niger Delta, home of the Ijaw, is Nigeria’s oil hub.

109. Which ethnic group is most associated with trade and entrepreneurship?
A) Yoruba
B) Hausa
C) Igbo
D) Kanuri
Answer: C) Igbo
Explanation: The Igbo are renowned for their trading skills.

110. The spiritual homeland of the Yoruba is ______.

A) Oyo
B) Lagos
C) Ile-Ife
D) Ifon
Answer: C) Ile-Ife
Explanation: Yoruba mythology places their origin in Ile-Ife.

111. The Clifford Constitution of 1922 was the first to introduce ______.
A) Regional assemblies
B) Elective principles
C) Federalism
D) Presidential system
Answer: B) Elective principles
Explanation: It allowed limited Nigerian representation in politics.

112. The Richards Constitution of 1946 was designed to promote ______.

A) Unity
B) Separation
C) Independence
D) Autonomy
Answer: A) Unity
Explanation: It emphasized national unity and regional councils.

113. The Macpherson Constitution of 1951 was unique because ______.

A) It was imposed without consultation
B) It involved wide consultation with Nigerians
C) It introduced a monarchy
D) It gave power to Britain
Answer: B) It involved wide consultation with Nigerians
Explanation: It was based on Nigerian input.

114. Which Constitution first introduced true federalism?

A) Clifford (1922)
B) Richards (1946)
C) Lyttleton (1954)
D) Macpherson (1951)
Answer: C) Lyttleton (1954)
Explanation: It created regional autonomy and federal structures.

115. Nigeria gained independence in ______.

A) 1951
B) 1960
C) 1963
D) 1979
Answer: B) 1960
Explanation: Nigeria became independent on October 1, 1960.

116. The Independence Constitution retained the ______ as Head of State.

A) President
B) Prime Minister
C) British Monarch
D) Senate President
Answer: C) British Monarch
Explanation: Queen Elizabeth II remained Head of State until 1963.

117. Nigeria became a Republic in ______.

A) 1963
B) 1960
C) 1979
D) 1999
Answer: A) 1963
Explanation: The Republican Constitution removed British monarchy influence.

118. The 1979 Constitution introduced the ______ system.

A) Parliamentary
B) Unitary
C) Presidential
D) Emirate
Answer: C) Presidential
Explanation: It replaced parliamentary system with presidential system.

119. The 1999 Constitution restored ______.

A) Military rule
B) Federalism and democracy
C) Colonial authority
D) Regionalism
Answer: B) Federalism and democracy
Explanation: It established Nigeria’s Fourth Republic after military rule.

120. The Nigerian National Assembly is composed of ______.

A) One chamber
B) Two chambers
C) Three chambers
D) Four chambers
Answer: B) Two chambers
Explanation: It is bicameral – Senate and House of Representatives.

121. Nigeria’s first Prime Minister was ______.

A) Nnamdi Azikiwe
B) Tafawa Balewa
C) Obafemi Awolowo
D) Shehu Shagari
Answer: B) Tafawa Balewa
Explanation: He served as the first Prime Minister after independence.

122. Nigeria’s first President was ______.

A) Tafawa Balewa
B) Olusegun Obasanjo
C) Nnamdi Azikiwe
D) Yakubu Gowon
Answer: C) Nnamdi Azikiwe
Explanation: He became Governor-General and later first President in 1963.

123. Nigeria’s first military coup happened in ______.

A) 1960
B) 1966
C) 1979
D) 1983
Answer: B) 1966
Explanation: The coup ended the First Republic.

124. Who was the first military Head of State?

A) Yakubu Gowon
B) Aguiyi Ironsi
C) Murtala Mohammed
D) Olusegun Obasanjo
Answer: B) Aguiyi Ironsi
Explanation: He took power in January 1966 after the coup.

125. The Nigerian civil war lasted from ______.

A) 1960–1963
B) 1967–1970
C) 1975–1979
D) 1983–1985
Answer: B) 1967–1970
Explanation: It was fought between Nigeria and Biafra.

126. Democracy Day is celebrated on ______.

A) October 1
B) June 12
C) May 29
D) January 15
Answer: C) May 29
Explanation: Marks Nigeria’s return to democracy in 1999.

127. Nigeria’s Independence Day is celebrated on ______.

A) June 12
B) October 1
C) May 29
D) January 1
Answer: B) October 1
Explanation: Marks independence from Britain in 1960.

128. Abuja became Nigeria’s capital in ______.

A) 1963
B) 1979
C) 1991
D) 1999
Answer: C) 1991
Explanation: Capital was moved from Lagos to Abuja for neutrality and centrality.

129. Nigeria has how many states and FCT?

A) 30 states
B) 25 states
C) 36 states + FCT
D) 40 states
Answer: C) 36 states + FCT
Explanation: Nigeria is a federation of 36 states and one federal capital territory.

130. Nigeria has how many geopolitical zones?

A) 4
B) 6
C) 8
D) 10
Answer: B) 6
Explanation: Zones were created for balance and representation.

131. Before oil, Nigeria’s economy depended on ______.

A) Mining
B) Agriculture
C) Industry
D) Banking
Answer: B) Agriculture
Explanation: Export crops like cocoa, groundnut, and palm oil dominated.

132. Oil was discovered in Oloibiri in ______.

A) 1950
B) 1956
C) 1963
D) 1970
Answer: B) 1956
Explanation: First discovery of commercial oil was in Rivers State.

133. Cocoa was the major cash crop of the ______.

A) Northern region
B) Western region
C) Eastern region
D) Central region
Answer: B) Western region
Explanation: Cocoa plantations thrived in Yoruba areas.

134. Palm oil was the major cash crop of the ______.
A) North
B) South-East
C) South-West
D) Central
Answer: B) South-East
Explanation: Igbo and surrounding communities dominated palm oil production.

135. Groundnut pyramids were common in ______.

A) Lagos
B) Kano
C) Benue
D) Delta
Answer: B) Kano
Explanation: Northern Nigeria exported groundnut in large quantities.

136. The oil sector contributes over ______% of Nigeria’s export earnings.
A) 50
B) 60
C) 80
D) 40
Answer: C) 80
Explanation: Oil dominates Nigeria’s foreign revenue.

137. Overdependence on oil is called ______.

A) Oil curse
B) Dutch disease
C) Petro-dollar
D) Oil shock
Answer: B) Dutch disease
Explanation: Refers to neglect of other sectors due to oil focus.

138. Manufacturing belongs to which economic sector?

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary
Answer: B) Secondary
Explanation: Secondary sector processes raw materials into products.

139. Trade and ICT belong to which sector?

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Informal
Answer: C) Tertiary
Explanation: Services such as trade, banking, ICT are tertiary.

140. Diversification of the economy means reducing dependence on ______.

A) Industry
B) Agriculture
C) Oil
D) ICT
Answer: C) Oil
Explanation: Diversification spreads growth across sectors.

141. Which sector provides services such as banking and ICT?

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary
Answer: C) Tertiary
Explanation: The tertiary sector deals with services, not raw materials or manufacturing.

142. A major problem of Nigeria’s economy is ______.

A) Too many industries
B) Overdependence on oil
C) Lack of oil reserves
D) Overpopulation of workers
Answer: B) Overdependence on oil
Explanation: Oil contributes over 80% of exports, making the economy unstable.

143. What is one effect of neglecting agriculture in Nigeria?

A) Food sufficiency
B) Food importation
C) Reduced unemployment
D) Cheaper prices
Answer: B) Food importation
Explanation: Importation rose because local agriculture was sidelined after oil discovery.

144. Which factor discourages foreign investors in Nigeria?

A) Large market
B) Poor infrastructure
C) Population growth
D) Cultural diversity
Answer: B) Poor infrastructure
Explanation: Poor roads, power supply, and security drive investors away.

145. Unemployment among Nigerian youths leads to ______.

A) Peace
B) Stability
C) Crime and poverty
D) Job creation
Answer: C) Crime and poverty
Explanation: Idle youth often turn to crime or face hardship.

146. Corruption reduces ______ in public institutions.

A) Trust
B) Education
C) Elections
D) Farming
Answer: A) Trust
Explanation: Corruption undermines confidence in government and systems.

147. Which practice can boost food security in Nigeria?

A) Importation
B) Reviving agriculture
C) Sole dependence on oil
D) Closing farms
Answer: B) Reviving agriculture
Explanation: A strong agricultural sector ensures food security.
148. ICT development contributes to a ______ economy.
A) Traditional
B) Digital
C) Oil-based
D) Colonial
Answer: B) Digital
Explanation: ICT is central to Nigeria’s digital transformation.

149. Which is an example of renewable energy in Nigeria?

A) Coal
B) Solar
C) Crude oil
D) Gas flaring
Answer: B) Solar
Explanation: Renewable sources like solar reduce oil reliance.

150. The policy of diversification in Nigeria focuses on reducing dependence on ______.

A) Cocoa
B) ICT
C) Oil
D) Timber
Answer: C) Oil
Explanation: Nigeria seeks to diversify beyond petroleum.

151. A citizen is defined as someone who ______.

A) Votes only
B) Is recognized by law as a member of a state
C) Owns property
D) Travels abroad
Answer: B) Is recognized by law as a member of a state
Explanation: Citizenship is a legal status with rights and duties.

152. Citizenship can be acquired by ______.

A) Registration
B) Birth
C) Naturalization
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Nigeria recognizes all three as valid forms of citizenship.
153. Naturalization requires ______ years of residence.
A) 10
B) 15
C) 5
D) 20
Answer: B) 15
Explanation: Continuous 15 years’ residence is needed for naturalization.

154. Citizenship by registration often applies to a ______.

A) Foreigner marrying a Nigerian
B) Soldier
C) Politician
D) Student
Answer: A) Foreigner marrying a Nigerian
Explanation: Foreign spouses may register for citizenship.

155. A key duty of citizens is to ______.

A) Obey laws
B) Cheat in exams
C) Evade taxes
D) Ignore government
Answer: A) Obey laws
Explanation: Obedience to laws sustains order and democracy.

156. Paying taxes is a ______ duty.

A) Financial
B) Civic
C) Political
D) Religious
Answer: A) Financial
Explanation: Citizens contribute to development through tax payment.

157. Voting during elections is a ______ duty.

A) Religious
B) Financial
C) Civic
D) Social
Answer: C) Civic
Explanation: Voting is both a civic duty and a right.
158. Political apathy reduces the strength of ______.
A) Dictatorship
B) Democracy
C) Culture
D) Sports
Answer: B) Democracy
Explanation: Democracy depends on active participation.

159. Which act undermines education in Nigeria?

A) Studying hard
B) Exam malpractice
C) School debates
D) Reading books
Answer: B) Exam malpractice
Explanation: Cheating in exams destroys the value of education.

160. Cultism is a major problem in Nigerian ______.

A) Farms
B) Schools
C) Homes
D) Mosques
Answer: B) Schools
Explanation: Secret cults thrive in higher institutions.

161. Nigeria’s environment includes land, air, water, vegetation, and ______.
A) Minerals
B) Wildlife
C) Climate
D) Soil
Answer: B) Wildlife
Explanation: Wildlife is a natural part of the ecosystem.

162. Deforestation occurs when trees are ______.

A) Planted
B) Cut down without replacement
C) Protected
D) Worshipped
Answer: B) Cut down without replacement
Explanation: Leads to desertification and soil erosion.

163. Afforestation means ______.

A) Cutting trees
B) Planting trees in new areas
C) Selling timber
D) Burning forests
Answer: B) Planting trees in new areas
Explanation: Afforestation helps restore balance.

164. Reforestation means ______.

A) Protecting wildlife
B) Replanting trees in cleared areas
C) Expanding cities
D) Reducing farming
Answer: B) Replanting trees in cleared areas
Explanation: Restores forest cover where it was lost.

165. Desertification mostly affects which region?

A) South-East
B) North
C) South-West
D) South-South
Answer: B) North
Explanation: Arid zones like Sokoto and Borno face desertification.

166. Erosion is most common in ______ Nigeria.

A) North
B) South-East
C) West
D) South-South
Answer: B) South-East
Explanation: Heavy rainfall and loose soils cause erosion in the east.

167. Oil spillage mainly occurs in the ______.

A) North
B) Niger Delta
C) South-West
D) Central region
Answer: B) Niger Delta
Explanation: Spills from pipelines affect Niger Delta farmlands and rivers.

168. Gas flaring pollutes the ______.

A) Soil
B) Water
C) Air
D) Vegetation
Answer: C) Air
Explanation: Flaring releases harmful gases into the atmosphere.

169. Flooding is often caused by poor ______.

A) Roads
B) Drainage systems
C) Schools
D) Markets
Answer: B) Drainage systems
Explanation: Blocked drains and poor city planning cause floods.

170. NESREA enforces laws on ______.

A) Banking
B) Environment
C) Elections
D) Oil trade
Answer: B) Environment
Explanation: NESREA regulates environmental standards.

171. Nigeria’s federal system allows ______.

A) Only central power
B) States autonomy within unity
C) No division of power
D) Military dominance
Answer: B) States autonomy within unity
Explanation: Federalism gives power to both states and central government.

172. One challenge of federalism in Nigeria is ______.

A) Lack of diversity
B) Ethnic competition for resources
C) Absence of oil
D) Too few languages
Answer: B) Ethnic competition for resources
Explanation: Groups compete for allocation and dominance.

173. Nigeria is divided into ______ states and the FCT.

A) 30
B) 25
C) 36
D) 40
Answer: C) 36
Explanation: 36 states plus Abuja form the federation.

174. Nigeria is divided into how many geopolitical zones?

A) 4
B) 6
C) 8
D) 10
Answer: B) 6
Explanation: Zones ensure balance in governance.

175. Which principle ensures fair representation in federal offices?

A) Federal character
B) Federalism
C) Democracy
D) Social justice
Answer: A) Federal character
Explanation: Federal character ensures equitable distribution of offices.

176. The Judiciary checks the powers of the Executive through ______.
A) Elections
B) Judicial review
C) Taxation
D) Voting
Answer: B) Judicial review
Explanation: Courts can nullify unconstitutional actions.

177. The Legislature checks the Executive through ______.

A) Campaigns
B) Oversight functions
C) Protests
D) Elections
Answer: B) Oversight functions
Explanation: National Assembly approves budgets and questions policies.

178. The Executive enforces ______.

A) Laws
B) Culture
C) Traditions
D) Exams
Answer: A) Laws
Explanation: The Executive arm implements laws passed by the Legislature.

179. The Judiciary interprets ______.

A) Elections
B) Laws
C) Customs
D) Traditions
Answer: B) Laws
Explanation: The Judiciary ensures laws are applied correctly.

180. The Constitution is called the ______ law of the land.

A) Common
B) Minor
C) Supreme
D) Secondary
Answer: C) Supreme
Explanation: All laws derive from the Constitution.

181. Nigeria’s amalgamation was carried out by ______.

A) Nnamdi Azikiwe
B) Lord Lugard
C) Tafawa Balewa
D) Obafemi Awolowo
Answer: B) Lord Lugard
Explanation: In 1914, he merged North and South protectorates.

182. The first Constitution that introduced regional assemblies was ______.
A) Richards 1946
B) Clifford 1922
C) Lyttleton 1954
D) 1999 Constitution
Answer: A) Richards 1946
Explanation: Richards Constitution established regional assemblies.

183. The first Constitution to introduce elective representation was ______.

A) Macpherson 1951
B) Clifford 1922
C) Lyttleton 1954
D) Independence Constitution
Answer: B) Clifford 1922
Explanation: Clifford allowed four Nigerians to be elected to the Legislative Council.

184. The Nigerian civil war was caused by the secession of ______.
A) Oyo
B) Biafra
C) Kanem-Bornu
D) Sokoto
Answer: B) Biafra
Explanation: Eastern Nigeria attempted to secede as Biafra in 1967.

185. The “No victor, no vanquished” policy came after ______.

A) Amalgamation
B) Civil war
C) Independence
D) Military coup
Answer: B) Civil war
Explanation: Policy promoted reconciliation after the war ended in 1970.

186. Nigeria returned to democracy in ______.

A) 1979
B) 1999
C) 1960
D) 1983
Answer: B) 1999
Explanation: After long military rule, the Fourth Republic began in 1999.

187. Democracy Day in Nigeria was first celebrated on ______.

A) October 1
B) June 12
C) May 29
D) January 15
Answer: C) May 29
Explanation: Marks transition to democratic rule in 1999.

188. Which Constitution first introduced presidential system?

A) 1960
B) 1963
C) 1979
D) 1999
Answer: C) 1979
Explanation: It replaced parliamentary system with presidential.

189. Which Constitution is currently in use?

A) 1960
B) 1963
C) 1979
D) 1999
Answer: D) 1999
Explanation: The 1999 Constitution governs Nigeria today.

190. Which arm of government has power to make laws?

A) Executive
B) Legislature
C) Judiciary
D) Media
Answer: B) Legislature
Explanation: Legislative powers rest in the National Assembly.

191. Which arm of government enforces laws?

A) Executive
B) Judiciary
C) Legislature
D) Traditional rulers
Answer: A) Executive
Explanation: Executive executes laws passed by Legislature.
192. Which arm of government interprets laws?
A) Judiciary
B) Executive
C) Legislature
D) Civil service
Answer: A) Judiciary
Explanation: Judiciary ensures justice and interpretation of laws.

193. Which arm checks the constitutionality of laws?

A) Legislature
B) Judiciary
C) Executive
D) Military
Answer: B) Judiciary
Explanation: Judicial review prevents abuse of power.

194. Which group of citizens must pay taxes?

A) Only the rich
B) All eligible citizens
C) Only politicians
D) Only civil servants
Answer: B) All eligible citizens
Explanation: Taxation is a duty of all working citizens.

195. Which act shows poor citizenship among students?

A) Exam malpractice
B) Hard work
C) Patriotism
D) Voting
Answer: A) Exam malpractice
Explanation: Cheating is a negative practice undermining learning.

196. Political apathy leads to ______.

A) Stronger democracy
B) Weaker democracy
C) Better elections
D) No elections
Answer: B) Weaker democracy
Explanation: Without participation, democracy fails.
197. Which act shows loyalty to Nigeria?
A) Reciting National Pledge
B) Refusing to pay taxes
C) Exam malpractice
D) Cybercrime
Answer: A) Reciting National Pledge
Explanation: Pledge symbolizes patriotism.

198. The Constitution protects ______ rights.

A) Minor
B) Fundamental
C) Optional
D) None
Answer: B) Fundamental
Explanation: Rights like life, freedom, expression are constitutional.

199. Which Constitution introduced federalism in Nigeria?

A) 1922 Clifford
B) 1946 Richards
C) 1954 Lyttleton
D) 1979 Constitution
Answer: C) 1954 Lyttleton
Explanation: It created regional autonomy and a federal structure.

200. Who was Nigeria’s first civilian President in the 4th Republic?
A) Olusegun Obasanjo
B) Umaru Musa Yar’Adua
C) Goodluck Jonathan
D) Shehu Shagari
Answer: A) Olusegun Obasanjo
Explanation: Sworn in on May 29, 1999 at return to democracy.

GST MCQs 201-300 HARD:

201. The Hausa-Fulani identity emerged mainly due to ______.
A) Shared religion and intermarriage
B) Colonial policies
C) Slave trade
D) Migration to the South
Answer: A) Shared religion and intermarriage
Explanation: Islamic influence and Fulani assimilation with Hausa culture formed Hausa-Fulani
identity.

202. Which was the most powerful Islamic state in pre-colonial Nigeria?
A) Benin Kingdom
B) Sokoto Caliphate
C) Kanem-Bornu
D) Oyo Empire
Answer: B) Sokoto Caliphate
Explanation: It ruled vast Northern Nigeria with Sharia law after the 1804 Jihad.

203. The Kanem-Bornu Empire is remembered for ______.

A) Bronze casting
B) Islamic scholarship and trade
C) Yoruba sculptures
D) Fishing
Answer: B) Islamic scholarship and trade
Explanation: Kanem-Bornu fostered Islamic learning and trans-Saharan trade.

204. Which similarity exists between Tiv and Igbo political systems?
A) Both centralized monarchies
B) Both emirate systems
C) Both decentralized systems
D) Both colonial indirect rule
Answer: C) Both decentralized systems
Explanation: Tiv and Igbo relied on village councils rather than kings.

205. The Oyo Empire’s political system was unique for its ______.
A) Age grades
B) Balance between Alaafin and Oyo Mesi
C) Use of colonial administrators
D) Islamic law
Answer: B) Balance between Alaafin and Oyo Mesi
Explanation: The Alaafin’s powers were checked by the Oyo Mesi council.

206. Yoruba mythology regards ______ as the origin of their people.

A) Lagos
B) Oyo
C) Ile-Ife
D) Ekiti
Answer: C) Ile-Ife
Explanation: Yoruba creation myths trace back to Ile-Ife.

207. Why was the Igbo society difficult for indirect rule?
A) Lack of centralized authority
B) Opposition to education
C) Scarcity of land
D) Strong monarchy
Answer: A) Lack of centralized authority
Explanation: The British couldn’t find chiefs in decentralized Igbo communities.

208. The Benin Kingdom’s bronze artworks mainly depicted ______.

A) Farming tools
B) Everyday life and royalty
C) Wildlife
D) Rivers
Answer: B) Everyday life and royalty
Explanation: The bronzes recorded kings, warriors, and rituals.

209. The Itsekiri prospered historically because of ______.

A) Fishing alone
B) Slave trade only
C) Riverine trade with Europeans
D) Colonial farming
Answer: C) Riverine trade with Europeans
Explanation: Their coastal access facilitated early European trade.

210. The Ijaw’s modern economic struggles are linked to ______.

A) Mining
B) Oil pollution
C) Palm oil farming
D) Timber logging
Answer: B) Oil pollution
Explanation: Oil spills and gas flaring harm Ijaw livelihoods in Niger Delta.

211. Why was the 1914 Amalgamation controversial?

A) It united unwilling regions without consultation
B) It granted independence
C) It gave full democracy
D) It abolished emirs
Answer: A) It united unwilling regions without consultation
Explanation: Amalgamation was for Britain’s convenience, not Nigerians’ choice.

212. Why did indirect rule work in the North but fail in the South?
A) Northern emirs resisted it
B) Northern societies had centralized rulers, Southern ones didn’t
C) The South had better roads
D) Britain preferred the South
Answer: B) Northern societies had centralized rulers, Southern ones didn’t
Explanation: The Igbo lacked centralized kings, unlike the North.

213. Which Constitution was the first step towards federalism?

A) Clifford 1922
B) Richards 1946
C) Macpherson 1951
D) Lyttleton 1954
Answer: B) Richards 1946
Explanation: Richards introduced regional representation that shaped federalism.

214. Which Constitution granted regional autonomy in Nigeria?

A) Clifford 1922
B) Richards 1946
C) Lyttleton 1954
D) Independence 1960
Answer: C) Lyttleton 1954
Explanation: It gave Nigeria true federalism with regional governments.

215. The 1960 Independence Constitution was limited because ______.

A) It retained the British monarch
B) It banned political parties
C) It ended elections
D) It created a unitary state
Answer: A) It retained the British monarch
Explanation: Queen Elizabeth remained Head of State until 1963.

216. Why was the 1963 Republican Constitution significant?

A) It ended monarchy control
B) It banned elections
C) It introduced dictatorship
D) It gave power to Britain
Answer: A) It ended monarchy control
Explanation: It made Nigeria a sovereign republic with a Nigerian President.

217. The 1979 Constitution was modeled after which country?

A) Britain
B) USA
C) France
D) Canada
Answer: B) USA
Explanation: Nigeria adopted a U.S.-style presidential system in 1979.

218. The 1999 Constitution is important because it ______.

A) Restored colonial rule
B) Restored democracy after military rule
C) Ended federalism
D) Introduced monarchy
Answer: B) Restored democracy after military rule
Explanation: It established the Fourth Republic.

219. The Nigerian Constitution separates power into ______ arms.

A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five
Answer: B) Three
Explanation: Executive, Legislature, and Judiciary.

220. The Legislature checks the Executive by ______.

A) Making laws
B) Impeachment and oversight
C) Controlling courts
D) Running elections
Answer: B) Impeachment and oversight
Explanation: National Assembly holds Executive accountable.

221. Why did Nigeria’s economy decline after oil discovery?

A) Oil finished
B) Agriculture was neglected
C) Too many farmers
D) Foreigners stole oil
Answer: B) Agriculture was neglected
Explanation: Focus shifted from farming to petroleum revenues.

222. Which region had groundnut pyramids?

A) West
B) North
C) East
D) South-South
Answer: B) North
Explanation: Kano became famous for groundnut trade.

223. Cocoa enriched the ______ region.

A) North
B) South-West
C) South-East
D) Central
Answer: B) South-West
Explanation: Cocoa was grown mainly in Yoruba areas.

224. Palm oil enriched the ______ region.

A) North
B) South-East
C) South-West
D) Central
Answer: B) South-East
Explanation: Igbo and neighbors produced palm oil for export.

225. Petroleum contributes over ______% of Nigeria’s exports.

A) 40
B) 60
C) 80
D) 20
Answer: C) 80
Explanation: Oil dominates Nigeria’s revenue base.
226. Overdependence on oil is called the ______.
A) Black curse
B) Dutch disease
C) Oil shock
D) Gold rush
Answer: B) Dutch disease
Explanation: Neglect of other sectors due to oil reliance.

227. Why is diversification urgent?

A) Oil reserves are endless
B) Oil prices fluctuate
C) Nigeria hates oil
D) To imitate the USA
Answer: B) Oil prices fluctuate
Explanation: Diversification makes economy stable during oil shocks.

228. Which is an effect of unemployment?

A) Reduced poverty
B) Social unrest
C) Industrial growth
D) Economic stability
Answer: B) Social unrest
Explanation: Joblessness leads to insecurity and crime.

229. ICT is part of the ______ sector.

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Informal
Answer: C) Tertiary
Explanation: ICT belongs to the service industry.

230. Which factor discourages foreign investors?

A) Cheap labor
B) Poor infrastructure
C) Large markets
D) Rich resources
Answer: B) Poor infrastructure
Explanation: Bad power supply and roads repel investors.
231. Which is the most common form of citizenship?
A) Naturalization
B) Registration
C) Birth
D) Honorary
Answer: C) Birth
Explanation: Most Nigerians acquire citizenship by being born in Nigeria.

232. Citizenship by registration often involves ______.

A) Foreign spouses of Nigerians
B) Soldiers
C) Politicians
D) Students
Answer: A) Foreign spouses of Nigerians
Explanation: Foreign wives or husbands can register for citizenship.

233. Citizenship by naturalization requires ______ years residence.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20
Answer: C) 15
Explanation: Nigerian law requires 15 years’ continuous residence.

234. One key duty of citizens is to ______.

A) Travel abroad
B) Obey laws
C) Refuse voting
D) Avoid taxes
Answer: B) Obey laws
Explanation: Obedience to laws sustains democracy.

235. Which is a civic duty of citizens?

A) Paying taxes
B) Voting in elections
C) Owning land
D) Traveling abroad
Answer: B) Voting in elections
Explanation: Voting strengthens democracy.
236. Which is a financial duty of citizens?
A) Protesting
B) Paying taxes
C) Voting
D) Joining cults
Answer: B) Paying taxes
Explanation: Taxes fund public development.

237. Political apathy refers to ______.

A) Supporting democracy
B) Lack of interest in politics
C) Exam cheating
D) Election violence
Answer: B) Lack of interest in politics
Explanation: Apathy weakens participation in democracy.

238. Which act undermines education?

A) Hard work
B) Exam malpractice
C) Patriotism
D) Reading
Answer: B) Exam malpractice
Explanation: Malpractice destroys fairness and quality in learning.

239. Cybercrime in Nigeria is popularly called ______.

A) Yahoo Yahoo
B) E-commerce
C) ICT fraud
D) Phone scam
Answer: A) Yahoo Yahoo
Explanation: Internet fraud among youths is nicknamed Yahoo Yahoo.

240. Which act shows loyalty to Nigeria?

A) Reciting National Pledge
B) Tax evasion
C) Exam cheating
D) Cybercrime
Answer: A) Reciting National Pledge
Explanation: The pledge expresses patriotism and allegiance.

241. Deforestation contributes to ______.

A) Desertification
B) Food security
C) Soil fertility
D) Rainfall increase
Answer: A) Desertification
Explanation: Lack of trees speeds desert spread.

242. Desertification is mostly in ______ Nigeria.

A) West
B) North
C) South-East
D) South-South
Answer: B) North
Explanation: Arid northern zones face desert encroachment.

243. Soil erosion is common in ______.

A) North
B) South-East
C) West
D) South-South
Answer: B) South-East
Explanation: Heavy rainfall causes gullies in the east.

244. Oil spills destroy ______ life in Niger Delta.

A) Desert
B) Aquatic
C) Forest
D) Grassland
Answer: B) Aquatic
Explanation: Oil kills fish and pollutes rivers.

245. Gas flaring mainly pollutes the ______.

A) Soil
B) Air
C) Water
D) Crops
Answer: B) Air
Explanation: Gas flaring releases harmful gases into atmosphere.

246. NESREA enforces ______.

A) Banking laws
B) Environmental regulations
C) Election laws
D) Oil pricing
Answer: B) Environmental regulations
Explanation: NESREA protects Nigeria’s environment.

247. Flooding is often caused by ______.

A) Blocked drainage
B) Lack of oil
C) Exam malpractice
D) Cultism
Answer: A) Blocked drainage
Explanation: Poor drainage leads to flooding in cities.

248. Afforestation is the act of ______.

A) Cutting trees
B) Planting trees in new areas
C) Selling timber
D) Building houses
Answer: B) Planting trees in new areas
Explanation: Afforestation combats desertification.

249. Reforestation is the act of ______.

A) Planting trees in cleared forests
B) Burning bushes
C) Expanding farms
D) Fishing
Answer: A) Planting trees in cleared forests
Explanation: Restores destroyed forest land.

250. Sustainable development means ______.

A) Meeting today’s needs without harming the future
B) Exploiting resources endlessly
C) Destroying the environment
D) Ignoring future generations
Answer: A) Meeting today’s needs without harming the future
Explanation: It balances development and conservation.

251. The Nigerian civil war started in ______.

A) 1960
B) 1967
C) 1970
D) 1979
Answer: B) 1967
Explanation: War began when Biafra declared secession.

252. The war ended in ______.

A) 1969
B) 1970
C) 1975
D) 1983
Answer: B) 1970
Explanation: Ended with Biafra’s surrender in January 1970.

253. Who declared “No victor, no vanquished” after the war?

A) Yakubu Gowon
B) Olusegun Obasanjo
C) Aguiyi Ironsi
D) Nnamdi Azikiwe
Answer: A) Yakubu Gowon
Explanation: His policy promoted national healing.

254. Why was Abuja chosen as capital?

A) For central location and neutrality
B) Because Lagos was poor
C) Because of palm oil
D) For foreign aid
Answer: A) For central location and neutrality
Explanation: Abuja was selected to ease congestion and unify Nigeria.

255. Who was Nigeria’s first civilian President in the 4th Republic?
A) Olusegun Obasanjo
B) Goodluck Jonathan
C) Shehu Shagari
D) Umaru Musa Yar’Adua
Answer: A) Olusegun Obasanjo
Explanation: Sworn in 1999 after military rule ended.

256. Which Constitution first introduced presidential system?

A) 1960
B) 1963
C) 1979
D) 1999
Answer: C) 1979
Explanation: Modeled after the U.S. presidential system.

257. Which Constitution removed British monarch as Head of State?

A) 1922 Clifford
B) 1946 Richards
C) 1960 Independence
D) 1963 Republican
Answer: D) 1963 Republican
Explanation: It made Nigeria a true republic.

258. Which arm of government interprets laws?

A) Executive
B) Legislature
C) Judiciary
D) Media
Answer: C) Judiciary
Explanation: Judiciary ensures laws are correctly applied.

259. Which arm of government enforces laws?

A) Executive
B) Legislature
C) Judiciary
D) Media
Answer: A) Executive
Explanation: Executive implements laws passed by Legislature.

260. Which arm makes laws?

A) Judiciary
B) Legislature
C) Executive
D) Media
Answer: B) Legislature
Explanation: Legislative power rests in National Assembly

261. Why is Nigeria called a federation?

A) Because it has multiple states with shared power
B) Because it is ruled by kings
C) Because it has no states
D) Because Britain said so
Answer: A) Because it has multiple states with shared power
Explanation: Federalism balances central and state powers.

262. Which principle ensures fair distribution of offices?

A) Federal character
B) Federalism
C) Democracy
D) Colonialism
Answer: A) Federal character
Explanation: Federal character principle ensures equity in appointments.

263. What weakens democracy most among youths?

A) Political apathy
B) Voting
C) Patriotism
D) Education
Answer: A) Political apathy
Explanation: Low participation harms democratic process.

264. Which act shows bad citizenship?

A) Exam malpractice
B) Voting
C) Tax payment
D) Patriotism
Answer: A) Exam malpractice
Explanation: Cheating undermines values of citizenship.

265. Which is an environmental consequence of oil exploration?

A) Pollution
B) Rainfall
C) Snowfall
D) Fertility
Answer: A) Pollution
Explanation: Oil spills and gas flaring damage environment.

266. Floods affect development by ______.

A) Displacing people and destroying property
B) Bringing wealth
C) Increasing peace
D) Increasing literacy
Answer: A) Displacing people and destroying property
Explanation: Floods damage infrastructure and lives.

267. Why is corruption seen as Nigeria’s greatest obstacle?

A) It reduces resources for development
B) It increases foreign aid
C) It builds infrastructure
D) It improves governance
Answer: A) It reduces resources for development
Explanation: Corruption drains resources and hinders progress.

268. Which practice strengthens democracy?

A) Active citizen participation
B) Political apathy
C) Exam cheating
D) Cultism
Answer: A) Active citizen participation
Explanation: Democracy thrives when citizens vote and participate.

269. Which slogan reflects Nigeria’s national vision?

A) Unity and Justice
B) Unity and Faith, Peace and Progress
C) Liberty and Justice
D) Peace and Harmony
Answer: B) Unity and Faith, Peace and Progress
Explanation: This is Nigeria’s national motto, symbolizing shared values.

270. Which practice ensures intergenerational fairness in resource use?

A) Desertification
B) Sustainable development
C) Corruption
D) Exploitation
Answer: B) Sustainable development
Explanation: It meets today’s needs without harming future generations.

271. Why did colonial rule encourage cash crops in Nigeria?

A) To promote local food sufficiency
B) To feed European industries
C) To reduce unemployment
D) To empower traditional rulers
Answer: B) To feed European industries
Explanation: Britain exploited Nigeria’s resources for its industries.

272. What was the major outcome of the civil war?

A) Nigeria’s breakup
B) Reinforcement of unity
C) Abolition of federalism
D) Colonial return
Answer: B) Reinforcement of unity
Explanation: Gowon’s “No victor, no vanquished” preserved unity.

273. Which ethnic group is most linked with trade across Nigeria?
A) Hausa
B) Igbo
C) Yoruba
D) Kanuri
Answer: B) Igbo
Explanation: The Igbo dominate markets and entrepreneurship.

274. Why is Nigeria considered a multi-ethnic state?

A) It has over 500 languages and diverse groups
B) It has only three ethnic groups
C) It has a unitary government
D) It is controlled by one tribe
Answer: A) It has over 500 languages and diverse groups
Explanation: Nigeria’s diversity defines its multi-ethnic nature.

275. Which system checked the Alaafin in the Oyo Empire?

A) Age grade
B) Emirate
C) Oyo Mesi
D) House of Assembly
Answer: C) Oyo Mesi
Explanation: Oyo Mesi council limited the Alaafin’s powers.

276. Why did indirect rule fail in Igbo land?

A) No centralized authority
B) Strong monarchy
C) Islam dominated
D) British favored them
Answer: A) No centralized authority
Explanation: Igbo’s decentralized system clashed with indirect rule.

277. Which factor unites Nigeria despite diversity?

A) Constitution and national identity
B) Civil war
C) Ethnic rivalries
D) Regionalism
Answer: A) Constitution and national identity
Explanation: The Constitution binds Nigeria as one nation.

278. Which is NOT a duty of Nigerian citizens?

A) Voting
B) Paying taxes
C) Exam malpractice
D) Obeying laws
Answer: C) Exam malpractice
Explanation: Malpractice is a crime, not a duty.

279. Which arm of government has the power of judicial review?

A) Executive
B) Legislature
C) Judiciary
D) Media
Answer: C) Judiciary
Explanation: Courts check constitutionality of actions.
280. Which arm controls the nation’s finances?
A) Executive
B) Legislature
C) Judiciary
D) Traditional rulers
Answer: B) Legislature
Explanation: The National Assembly approves budgets and expenditures.

281. Which slogan guided Gowon’s post-civil war policy?

A) “Forward Ever, Backward Never”
B) “No victor, no vanquished”
C) “Unity in Diversity”
D) “One Nigeria”
Answer: B) “No victor, no vanquished”
Explanation: Aimed at reconciliation after the war.

282. Which is an example of poor citizenship among youths?

A) Patriotism
B) Cybercrime
C) Hard work
D) Voting
Answer: B) Cybercrime
Explanation: Fraud damages Nigeria’s image and is criminal.

283. Which event returned Nigeria to democracy in 1999?

A) Civil war
B) Military coup
C) Transition elections
D) Independence
Answer: C) Transition elections
Explanation: Elections ushered in the 4th Republic in May 1999.

284. Which is the highest law-making body in Nigeria?

A) State Assemblies
B) Senate
C) National Assembly
D) Judiciary
Answer: C) National Assembly
Explanation: Bicameral legislature makes laws at the federal level.
285. Which principle distributes offices equitably among groups?
A) Federal character
B) Separation of powers
C) Democracy
D) Unitary system
Answer: A) Federal character
Explanation: Prevents domination by one ethnic group.

286. Why is corruption a national obstacle?

A) It builds infrastructure
B) It drains resources and causes inequality
C) It increases transparency
D) It improves democracy
Answer: B) It drains resources and causes inequality
Explanation: Corruption undermines growth and fairness.

287. Why is active voting essential in democracy?

A) It ensures free elections and representation
B) It abolishes elections
C) It removes duties
D) It weakens citizens
Answer: A) It ensures free elections and representation
Explanation: Democracy thrives on citizen participation.

288. Which Constitution first made Nigeria a Republic?

A) 1922 Clifford
B) 1946 Richards
C) 1960 Independence
D) 1963 Republican
Answer: D) 1963 Republican
Explanation: It created the office of a Nigerian President.

289. Which major challenge faces Nigeria’s environment?

A) Deforestation and oil spills
B) Overpopulation alone
C) Too much rainfall
D) Tourism expansion
Answer: A) Deforestation and oil spills
Explanation: These are key environmental issues.
290. Why is agriculture called Nigeria’s backbone?
A) It feeds the nation and employs many
B) It depends on oil
C) It builds ICT
D) It started in 1999
Answer: A) It feeds the nation and employs many
Explanation: Agriculture supports most Nigerians’ livelihoods.

291. Why is oil called a “blessing and a curse”?

A) It enriches Nigeria but fuels corruption
B) It has no benefits
C) It ended agriculture
D) It is only harmful
Answer: A) It enriches Nigeria but fuels corruption
Explanation: Oil revenue is high but causes dependency and conflict.

292. Which of the following best describes democracy?

A) Government of the people, by the people, for the people
B) Rule by the military
C) Dictatorship
D) Monarchy
Answer: A) Government of the people, by the people, for the people
Explanation: Lincoln’s definition emphasizes people’s participation.

293. Which factor is essential for good citizenship?

A) Patriotism and responsibility
B) Exam malpractice
C) Tax evasion
D) Corruption
Answer: A) Patriotism and responsibility
Explanation: Citizens must uphold values for national progress.

294. Which Constitution is currently in use in Nigeria?

A) 1963
B) 1979
C) 1999
D) 1922
Answer: C) 1999
Explanation: It guides Nigeria today under the 4th Republic.

295. Why is federalism important in Nigeria?

A) It balances unity and diversity
B) It abolishes state governments
C) It enforces dictatorship
D) It removes democracy
Answer: A) It balances unity and diversity
Explanation: Federalism accommodates multiple ethnicities under one nation.

296. Which of these threatens democracy most in Nigeria?

A) Free elections
B) Political apathy and corruption
C) Voting
D) Civic education
Answer: B) Political apathy and corruption
Explanation: Both weaken representation and accountability.

297. Which factor caused Nigeria’s reliance on imports?

A) Neglect of agriculture
B) Too much oil
C) Lack of diversity in culture
D) Civil war
Answer: A) Neglect of agriculture
Explanation: Food imports rose when agriculture was abandoned for oil.

298. Which ethnic group is known for Islamic scholarship?

A) Hausa-Fulani
B) Yoruba
C) Igbo
D) Bini
Answer: A) Hausa-Fulani
Explanation: Islam shaped Hausa-Fulani education and culture.

299. Which ethnic group is renowned for bronze casting?

A) Igbo
B) Yoruba
C) Bini
D) Kanuri
Answer: C) Bini
Explanation: The Benin Kingdom produced advanced bronze artworks.

300. Which is the ultimate goal of GST in Nigerian universities?

A) To build informed, responsible, patriotic citizens
B) To enforce military rule
C) To replace constitutions
D) To stop education
Answer: A) To build informed, responsible, patriotic citizens
Explanation: GST equips students with civic knowledge and values.

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AFTER A WEEK OF SUBSCRIPTION TO OUR TELEGRAM CHANNEL OUR MATERIALS
ARE NOT PROFITABLE "PLEASE" SEND YOUR DETAILS WE REFUND YOU.

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LINK TO OUR CONTACT FOR MORE DETAILS BEFORE YOU PAY TO AND WE ADD YOU
TO THE CHANNEL IS RIGHT BELOW
wa.link/a92urx