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What is NumPy?
NumPy (Numerical Python) is an open-source Python library used for numerical computing.
It provides support for large multidimensional arrays and matrices, along with a collection of
high-level mathematical functions to operate on these arrays.

📦 Installation
!pip install numpy

💡 Why Use NumPy?

1.Efficient memory storage and performance

2.Broad range of mathematical, logical, shape manipulation, sorting, selecting, I/O, and linear
algebra functions

3.Foundation for most Python data science libraries (e.g., Pandas, Scikit-learn)

✨ NumPy Basics
*** 1. Creating Arrays:

=> From List You can convert to the array: np.array([1,2,3])

=> Range Array np.arange(0,10,2)

=> 3X3 zero Matrix np.zeros((3, 3))

=> 2x2 Ones matrix np.ones((2, 2))

=> Identity matrix np.eye(3)

=> Evenly spaced numbers np.linspace(0, 1, 5) ***

🔁 Broadcasting
** Broadcasting is a technique that allows NumPy to perform arithmetic operations on arrays
of different shapes.**

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🧮 Mathematical Functions
** np.mean(arr) --- Mean

np.median(arr) ---Median

np.std(arr) ---Standard deviation

np.sum(arr) ---Sum

np.min(arr) ---Min value

np.max(arr) ---Max value

np.sqrt(arr) ---Square root

np.exp(arr) ---Exponential***

⚙️ Array Operations
** Stack vertically :

np.concatenate([a,b], axis=0)

*Vertical stacking:

np.vstack((a, b))

*Horizontal stacking:

np.hstack((a, b))

*Unique elements:

np.unique(arr)

*Sort array:

np.sort(arr)

*. Replacing Odd Values

arr[arr % 2 == 1] = -1

*. Normalize Array
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(arr - arr.min()) / (arr.max() - arr.min())

*. NaN Handling
np.nan_to_num(arr)

*.Intersections
np.intersect1d(arr1, arr2)

*.Random Arrays
np.random.rand(3, 3)
np.random.randint(1, 10, (3, 3))

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🧪 Master NumPy: Frequently Asked

Questions and Examples
In [15]: import numpy as np
a = ([1,2,3,4])
b = np.array(a)
max_number = np.max(b)
print(max_number)

In [17]: b

Out[17]: array([1, 2, 3, 4])

In [29]: np.arange(0, 20, 3) # [0 2 4 6 8]

Out[29]: array([ 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18])

In [33]: np.linspace(0,1, 3)

Out[33]: array([0. , 0.5, 1. ])

In [49]: np.linspace(0, 1, 2, dtype=int)

Out[49]: array([0, 1])

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Que:1. Create a 1D NumPy array of

numbers from 0 to 9
In [57]: #Que:1. Create a 1D NumPy array of numbers from 0 to 9
import numpy as np
arr = np.arange(10)
print(arr)

[0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]

2. Create a 3×3 array filled with zeros

In [61]: #que 2: 2. Create a 3×3 array filled with zeros

arr = np.zeros((3,3))
print(arr)

[[0. 0. 0.]
[0. 0. 0.]
[0. 0. 0.]]

3. Create a 3×3 identity matrix

In [63]: #que 3: Create a 3×3 identity matrix

arr = np.eye(3)
print(arr)

[[1. 0. 0.]
[0. 1. 0.]
[0. 0. 1.]]

4. Create a 5×5 matrix with values from 1 to 25

In [67]: #Que 4:Create a 5×5 matrix with values from 1 to 25

arr = np.arange(1,26).reshape(5,5)
print(arr)

[[ 1 2 3 4 5]
[ 6 7 8 9 10]
[11 12 13 14 15]
[16 17 18 19 20]
[21 22 23 24 25]]

5. Convert a list to a NumPy array

In [71]: #Que 5: Convert a list to a NumPy array

lst = ([1,2,3,4,5])
arr = np.array(lst)
print(arr)

[1 2 3 4 5]

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6. Replace all odd numbers in a NumPy array with -1

In [83]: #Que 6: Replace all odd numbers in a NumPy array with -1

arr = np.arange(10)
arr[arr % 2 == 1] = -1
print(arr)

[ 0 -1 2 -1 4 -1 6 -1 8 -1]

7. Reshape a 1D array to a 2D array of shape (2, 5)

In [85]: #Que 7:Reshape a 1D array to a 2D array of shape (2, 5)

arr = np.arange(10).reshape(2,5)
print(arr)

[[0 1 2 3 4]
[5 6 7 8 9]]

8. Find the maximum and minimum of a NumPy array

In [97]: #Que 8:Find the maximum and minimum of a NumPy array

arr = np.array([2,3,5,7])
min_num = np.min(arr)
max_num = np.max(arr)
print("min_num:", min_num)
print("max_num:" , max_num)

min_num: 2
max_num: 7

9. Normalize a NumPy array (scale between 0 and 1)

In [100… #Que 9 :Normalize a NumPy array (scale between 0 and 1)

arr = np.array([1,2,3,4,5])
normalized = (arr - np.min(arr)) / (np.max(arr) - np.min(arr))
print(normalized)

[0. 0.25 0.5 0.75 1. ]

10. Get the common elements between two NumPy arrays

In [104… #Que 10:Get the common elements between two NumPy arrays
a = np.array([1,2,3,4])
b = np.array([3,4,5,6])
print(np.intersect1d(a, b))

[3 4]

11. Create a 10x10 array with random values and find the mean of each row

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In [118… #Que 11:Create a 10x10 array with random values and find the mean of each row
arr = np.random.rand(10 , 10)
row_mean = arr.mean(axis =1)
print(row_mean)

[0.42406955 0.4810178 0.45424484 0.50222871 0.41546408 0.66914788

0.3661636 0.55412753 0.30162397 0.55905859]

In [116… #Que : write a code using numpy function to multiply both array.
a = np.array([2,3,4])
b = np.array([2,3,4])
print(np.dot(a,b))

29

12. Reverse a NumPy array

In [120… #Que 12: Reverse a NumPy array

arr = np.array([1,2,3,4])
print(arr[::-1])

[4 3 2 1]

13. Find the position of the maximum element in a 2D array

In [122… #Que 13:Find the position of the maximum element in a 2D array

arr = np.random.randint(1,100 ,(3,3))
print(np.argmax(arr))
print(np.unravel_index(np.argmax(arr),arr.shape))

7
(np.int64(2), np.int64(1))

14. Replace NaN values with zero

In [124… #Que 14:Replace NaN values with zero

arr = np.array([1,2,np.nan , 4])
arr = np.nan_to_num(arr)
print(arr)

[1. 2. 0. 4.]

15. Flatten a multi-dimensional array

In [126… #Que 15:Flatten a multi-dimensional array

arr = np.array([[1,2] , [3,4]])
flat = arr.flatten()
print(flat)

[1 2 3 4]

16. Create a checkerboard pattern (8x8)

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In [128… #Que 16:Create a checkerboard pattern (8x8)

arr = np.zeros((8,8))
arr[1::2 , ::2] = 1
arr[::2 , 1::2] = 1
print(arr)

[[0. 1. 0. 1. 0. 1. 0. 1.]
[1. 0. 1. 0. 1. 0. 1. 0.]
[0. 1. 0. 1. 0. 1. 0. 1.]
[1. 0. 1. 0. 1. 0. 1. 0.]
[0. 1. 0. 1. 0. 1. 0. 1.]
[1. 0. 1. 0. 1. 0. 1. 0.]
[0. 1. 0. 1. 0. 1. 0. 1.]
[1. 0. 1. 0. 1. 0. 1. 0.]]

17. Create a 100x100 matrix and compute the sum of all values

In [130… #Que 17:Create a 100x100 matrix and compute the sum of all values
arr = np.random.rand(100 , 100)
total = np.sum(arr)
print(total)

4974.671920129873

18. Extract all numbers between 30 and 70 in a NumPy array

In [132… #Que 18: Extract all numbers between 30 and 70 in a NumPy array
arr = np.arange(100)
print(arr[(arr > 30) & (arr <70)])

[31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69]

19. Convert a float array to integer without roundin

In [134… #Que 19:Convert a float array to integer without roundin

arr = np.array([1.5 , 2.3 , 3.9])
print(arr.astype(int))

[1 2 3]

20. Stack two arrays vertically and horizontally

In [136… #Que 20:Stack two arrays vertically and horizontally

a = np.array([[1,2] , [3,4]])
b = np.array([[5,6] , [7,8]])
print(np.vstack((a , b)))
print(np.hstack((a,b)))

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[[1 2]
[3 4]
[5 6]
[7 8]]
[[1 2 5 6]
[3 4 7 8]]

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