🧑🏽🏫 Java Programming-I
📘 Session 1: Introduction to Java
Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language developed by Sun
Microsystems (now owned by Oracle).
It's platform-independent thanks to the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), meaning you can
write code once and run it anywhere.
📱 Popular Apps Built with Java
● Twitter (originally built with Java on the backend)
● Spotify (uses Java for backend and data processing)
● Netflix (uses Java for backend microservices)
● Minecraft (desktop version is built with Java)
● Android Apps (many are developed in Java using Android Studio)
What is OOP?
OOP (Object-Oriented Programming) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of
"objects", which are instances of classes.
* Object
An object is an instance of a class that holds data and behavior.
It represents a real-world entity like a student, car, or account.
Example of object is Dog
* Property - Color, Age
* Action - Barking, eating, running
* Class
A class is a template or blueprint for creating objects.
It defines variables (field), functions (method), states and behaviour of all objects
belonging to that class.
🔑 4 Core Principles of OOP:
3. Abstraction
Abstraction hides complex implementation and shows only essential features.
It helps reduce complexity by exposing only what’s necessary.
4. Encapsulation
Encapsulation binds data and methods into a single unit (class).
It restricts direct access to internal data using access modifiers (like private).
5. Inheritance
Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class.
It promotes code reuse and establishes a parent-child relationship.
6. Polymorphism
Polymorphism means one function or object can behave in many ways.
It enables method overriding (runtime) and method overloading (compile-time).
☕ What is JDK? - Part of Java component
JDK (Java Development Kit) is a software development kit provided by Oracle and
others that allows you to develop and run Java applications.
👉 Oracle JDK (Latest Version):
https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/javase-downloads.html
To set the JAVA_HOME environment variable on Windows, follow these
steps:
✅ Step-by-Step: Set JAVA_HOME on Windows
🔹 1. Find your JDK installation path
For example, it might be:
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-21
You must copy the JDK folder path — not the bin folder.
🔹 2. Open Environment Variables
1. Press Windows + S, search for Environment Variables and click on:
“Edit the system environment variables”
2. In the System Properties window, click on:
“Environment Variables…”
🔹 3. Create the JAVA_HOME variable
Under System variables:
1. Click New
In Variable name, enter:
JAVA_HOME
2.
In Variable value, paste the JDK path:
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-21
3.
4. Click OK
🔹 4. Update the Path variable
Still under System variables:
1. Find the variable named Path
2. Select it and click Edit
Click New and add:
%JAVA_HOME%\bin
3.
4. Click OK, then again to close all dialogs
🔹 5. Verify it works
Open Command Prompt and run:
java -version
javac -version
echo %JAVA_HOME%
Java Structure
🧩 Structure Breakdown
1. Package – Organizes classes into namespaces. Optional if you're just starting.
2. Import – Brings in classes from Java libraries (e.g., Scanner for user input).
3. Class – Every Java code must be inside a class. It's the main container.
4. Field - Store object data (e.g., name, age)
5. Constructor - Initializes objects when they created
6. Main Method – Java starts execution from public static void main(String[]
args).
7. Statements – Your logic, like printing, calculations, or function calls.
How to save java code file
To save java code, you must use .java
Note that it is case sensitive.
Example- helloworld.java.
You can save with any name you wish, so far you add it with .java
💡 What is an IDE?
💡 What is an IDE?
IDE stands for Integrated Development Environment.
It's a software application that provides a complete set of tools to write, edit, test, and debug
code all in one place — making programming easier and faster.
🧰 Key Features of an IDE:
● Code Editor – where you write your code
● Compiler/Interpreter – to convert your code into something the computer can run
● Debugger – to find and fix errors in your code
● Build Tools – to compile, run, and package your programs
● Auto-complete – helps you write code faster with suggestions
✅ Examples of IDEs:
● NetBeans – for Java, C++, etc.
● IntelliJ IDEA – advanced Java IDE
● Eclipse – widely used for Java and Android
● Android Studio – for Android apps
● Visual Studio – for C#, .NET, etc.
.
We are going to use NetBeans today, but when we want to build mobile apps, we will
use Android Studio.
👉
Official download:
https://netbeans.apache.org/
Assignment..
Read on-
1. Java platform and it’s component - JVM, JRE, JDK
2. Comments in Java
