DEFINITE INTEGRALS

Straight Objective Type Questions

1
x dx 1 1
Solution: Substitute = t fi - 2 dx = dt
Example 1: The value of Ú ( x 2 + 1)2 is x x
0
1 1 2 p
(a) (b) 1 When x = , t = p and when x = , t = . Thus
2 p p 2
1 1 p /2
(c) (d)
2/p sin 1 / x p /2
3 4 Ú1 / p x 2
dx = - Ú
p
sin t dt = cos t = -(-1) = 1
p
Ans. (d)
Solution: Substituting x2 + 1 = t. When x = 0, t = 1 and 1 ex e+ A
when x = 1, t = 2
Example 3: If Ú0 e x + e- x
dx = log
1+ 2
then A is
equal to
1 2
x dx 1 dt 112 1 È1 ˘ 1
Ú ( x 2 + 1)2 = Ú = - = - Í - 1˙ = (a) e2 + 1 (b) e2 + 1
21t 2 2t1 2 Î2 ˚ 4
0 (c) e2 (d) e2 – 1
2/p sin 1 / x Ans. (b)
Example 2: The value of Ú1 / p x2
dx is equal
1 1
ex ex
Solution: Ú dx = Ú dx. Putting ex = t
1 x -x 2x
(a) 1 (b) 0 e +e 0 e +1
2 the last integral is equal to
1 e dt e
(c) –1 (d) Ú1 = log t + t 2 + 1
4 t2 + 1 1
Ans. (a)
 2 Ï p
= log (e + e + 1) - log (1 + 2 ) 0£ x £
ÔÔcos x 4
Solution: max (sin x, cos x) = Ì
e + e2 + 1 p p
= log x Œ [0, p/2] Ô sin x £x£
1+ 2 ÔÓ 4 4
So A= 2
e +1 p /2 p /4 p /2

x dx p Ú max (sin x, cos x) dx = Ú cos x dx + Ú sin x dx

Example 4: Value of x satisfying Úlog 2 ex - 1
=
6
is 0 0 p /4

p /4 p /2
(a) log 2 (b) 3 log 2 = sin x - cos x
(c) 2 log 2 (d) 2 0 p /4
Ans. (c)
Solution: Substituting Ex – 1 = t2, ex dx = 2t dt 1 1
= + = 2.
2t dt 2 2
fi dx = , so
t2 + 1 p /2
cos x dx
p x dx e x -1 2t dt
Example 7: If Ú 6 - 5 sin x + sin 2 x
= log K then K is

6
= Úlog 2 ex - 1
=Ú
1 (t 2 + 1)t
equal to 0

2 4
x e x -1 (a) (b)
e -1 dt 3 3
= 2Ú
2
= 2 tan -1 t
1 t +1 1 1 5
(c) (d)
p 3 3
= 2 tan -1 e x - 1 - Ans. (b)
2
Solution: Putting sin x = t, cos x dx = dt. When x = 0,
2p
fi 2 tan -1 e x - 1 = sin x = 0 and when x = p/2, sin x = 1. So the given integral
3 reduces to
p
fi e x - 1 = tan = 3 1
dt
1
dt
3 Ú 6 - 5t + t 2 = ÚÊ 5ˆ 2 Ê 1ˆ 2
fi ex – 1 = 3 i.e. ex = 4 fi x = log 4. 0
0
ÁË t - ˜¯ - ÁË ˜¯
p 2 2
Example 5: The value of Ú 8
p x10 sin9 x dx is equal to 5 1 1
- - t-
8 1 2 2
= log
(a) 0 (b) 1 1 5 1
2 t- +
p p 10 2 2 2
(d) ÊÁ ˆ˜
0
(c)
4 Ë 8¯ 1
t -3 4
Ans. (a) = log = log
t-2 0 3
Solution: Let f (x) = x10 sin9 x, f (–x) = (–x)10 sin9(–x)
= –x10 sin9 x = – f (x) 1

Hence f is an odd function. Now using Prop. 13 Page 13.2, Example 8: Ú x dx is equal to
a -1
we have Ú f ( x )dx = 0 . Thus (a) 1 (b) 0
-a
1
p /8 (c) 2 (d)
x10 sin 9 x dx = 0 2
Ú- p / 8 Ans. (a)
p /2 Solution: The integrand f(x) = |x| is an even function so
Example 6: Ú0 max (sin x, cos x) dx is equal to
1 1 1 1
(a) 1 (b) 2 x2
Ú x dx = 2 Ú x dx = 2 Ú x dx = 2 2 0
=1
(c) 2 - 2 (d) 2 -1 0 0
Ans. (d)
 È 1 1 1 n 1
1
dx
Example 9: Thevalue of lim Í + +
nÆ• Î
4n2 - 1 4n2 - 22
lim
nƕ n
 = Ú
()
2
r =1 r 0 4 - x2
1 ˘ 4-
+ is equal to n
2 2 ˙
4n - n ˚
x1 p
p = sin -1 = .
(a) p (b) 20 6
6
10p
p p Example 10: Ú0 1 - sin 2 x dx is equal to
(c) (d)
3 4 (a) 0 (b) 10
Ans. (b) (c) 10p (d) 20
Ans. (d)
Solution:
Solution:
1 1 1
= + + + 10p
Ú0
10p
1 - sin 2 x dx = Ú0 | cos x | dx
2 2 2 2 2
4n - 1 4n - 2 4n - n
p
1 1 1 1 = 10 Ú | cos x | dx (Prop. 16)
= È + + +
0
nÍ p /2

()
1 2 2
Í 4- 2 n = 20 Ú | cos x | dx (Prop. 10)
4- 2 4- 0
ÍÎ n2 n n p /2
So, required limit is equal to = 20 Ú0 cos x dx = 20 sin x p0 / 2 = 20.

p /2 1 p /2 sin x + cos x p /2 p
Example 11: The value I = Ú0 1 + cot x
dx is = Ú0 cos x + sin x
dx =
Ú0 1 ◊ dx =
2
(a) p (b) p/2 So I = p/4
(c) p/4 (d) p/3
p x dx
Ans. (c) Example 12: The value of I = Ú0 4 cos x + 9 sin 2 x
2
is
1 sin x
Solution: Let f(x) = = , so (a) p 2/12 (b) p 2/4
1 + cot x sin x + cos x
(c) p 2/6 (d) p 2/3
sin (p / 2 - x ) Ans. (a)
f (p/2 – x) =
sin (p / 2 - x ) + cos (p / 2 - x ) Solution: Using Property 9, we have

cos x p (p - x ) d x
=
cos x + sin x
I= Ú0 4 cos (p - x ) + 9 sin 2 (p - x )
2

p /2 p /2 p dx p x dx
Considering 2I = Ú0 f (x) dx + Ú0 f (p/2 – x) dx = p Ú0 2 2
-Ú
4 cos x + 9 sin x 0 4 cos x + 9 sin 2 x
2

dx
( )
a a p
using Ú f ( x )dx = Ú f (a - x ) dx 2I = p Ú
0 0 0 4 cos x + 9 sin 2 x
2

p /2 sin x p /2 cos x p /2 dx
= Ú0 cos x + sin x
dx + Ú0 cos x + sin x
dx = 2p Ú0 4 cos x + 9 sin 2 x
2

(using Property 9)
 p /2 sec 2 x d x Solution: Using Property 18, we have f ¢(x) = 2 - x2
= 2p Ú0 4 + 9 tan 2 x
and thus the given equation reduces to x2 – 2 - x 2 = 0
• dt fi (x2 + 2) (x2 – 1) = 0. Thus the real roots are given by x
= 2p Ú0 4 + 9t 2
(t = tan x)
= ± 1.
• 2 1/ 2
2p • dt 2p 3 3 p Ê 1 + xˆ
= Ú0 = ◊ tan - 1 t = Example 16: The integral Ú Á [ x ] + 2 log dx
9 2
t + 4/9 9 2 2 0 6 equals -1 / 2
Ë 1 - x ˜¯

Hence I = p 2/12. (a) – 1/2 (b) 0

(c) 1 (d) 2 log (1/2)
x x2
Example 13: If Úe t f (t) dt = sin x – x cos x –
2
for Ans. (a)
1/ 2 1/ 2
all x Œ R ~ {0} then the value of f (p/6) is Ê 1 + xˆ
(a) 0 (b) 1
Solution: Ú ÁË [ x ] + 2 log 1 - x ˜¯ dx = Ú [ x ] dx
-1 / 2 -1 / 2
(c) – 1/2 (d) 3/2
Ans. (c) 1+ x
(since log is an odd function)
Solution: Differentiating both the sides and using 1- x
Property 17, we have 0 1/ 2 0
1
xf (x) = cos x – cos x + x sin x – x, so f(x) = sin x – 1. = Ú [x] dx + Ú [x] dx = Ú (– 1) dx = –
2
.
-1 / 2 0 -1 / 2
Hence f (p/6) = sin p/6 – 1 = – 1/2.
2 2 + 1] Example 17: The value
Example 14: The value of Ú0 x[x dx, where [x] is
1
Ê -1 x 7 - 3x 5 + 7 x3 - x ˆ
the greatest integer less than or equal to x is I= Ú cos x +
ÁË cos2 x ˜¯ dx is
(a) 2 (b) 8/3 -1
(c) 4 (d) none of these
Ans. (d) (a) p/2 (b) 0
2 (c) 2p (d) p
Solution: For x Π[0, 2], x + 1 Π[1, 5], we must break
Ans. (d)
[0, 2] = [0, 1] » ÈÎ1, 2 ˘˚ » ÈÎ 2 , 3 ˘˚ » ÎÈ 3, 2 ˘˚ .
7 5 3
2
Solution: Let f(x) = x - 3 x + 7 x - x then f(– x) =
2 + 1]
Hence Ú0 x[x dx cos2 x
1
1 2 3
= Ú0 x [x2 + 1]
dx + Ú1 x [x2 + 1]
dx + Ú 2
x [x2 + 1]
dx + –f(x) so Ú f(x) dx = 0 (Property 12)
-1
2 2 + 1] 1
Ú3 x[x dx
Let g(x) = cos–1 x then I1 = Ú cos–1 x dx
1 2 3 2 -1
= Ú0 x dx + Ú x2 d x + Ú x3 d x + Ú x4 d x 1
1 2 3
= Ú cos–1 (– x) dx (Property 8)
1 1 1 1
= + ÈÎ23 / 2 - 1˘˚ + [9 - 4 ] + ÈÎ32 - 35 / 2 ˘˚ -1
2 3 4 5
1
469 1 3 / 2 1 5 / 2 = Ú (p – cos–1 x) dx = 2p – I1
= + 2 - 3 . -1
60 3 5
Thus I = I1 = p.
x
Example 15: Let f (x) =
Ú1 2 - t 2 dt. Then the real p /2
Example 18: The value of I = Ú cos x - cos3 x dx
roots of the equation x2 – f ¢(x) = 0 are is -p / 2
(a) ± 1 (b) ± 1/ 2 (a) 0 (b) 2/3
(c) ± 1/2 (d) 0 and 1 (c) 4/3 (d) 1/3
Ans. (a) Ans. (c)
 p /2 np + t
Example 22: The value of the integral Ú (|cos x|
Solution: I = Ú cos x |sin x| dx
+ |sin x|) dx is
0
-p / 2
(a) n (b) 2n + sin t + cos t
p /2
(c) cos t (d) sin t – cos t + 4n + 1
= 2 Ú cos x | sin x | dx Ans. (d)
-p / 2
Solution: Since the period of |sin x| + |cos x| is p/2 so
(the integand is an even function)
p /2 np + t p/2

= 2 Ú cos x sin x dx Ú0 (|sin x| + |cos x|) dx = 2n Ú0 (|sin x| + | cos x|)dx +

t
(|sin x| + |cos x|) dx
0
p /2
Ú0
= - 4 (cos x )3 / 2 4 p/2 t

3
= .
3
= 2n Ú0 (sin x + cos x) dx + Ú0 (sin x + cos x) dx
0
= (2n) (2) + sin t - cos t + 1
n
Example 19: If n Œ N , the value of Ú0 [x] dx (where = (4n + 1) + sin t - cos t.
[x] is the greatest integer function) is x
n (n + 1) n (n - 1) Example 23: If g(x) = Ú0 cos4 t dt then g(x + p) equals
(a) (b)
2 2 (a) g(x) + g(p) (b) g(x) – g(p)
(c) n (n – 1) (d) none of these (c) g(x) g(p) (d) g(x)/g(p)
Ans. (b) Ans. (a)
n n i n i x +p
Solution: Ú0 [x] dx = Â Ú [x] dx = Â Ú (i - 1) dx Solution: g (x + p) = Ú cos4 t dt
i -1 i -1 0
i =1 i =1
p 4 x +p
n
n ( n - 1) = Ú0 cos t dt + Ú cos4 t dt
= Â (i - 1) =
2
. p
i =1 = g (p) + I1
x
d In I1, put t = p + u, so that
Ê ˆ
Example 20: If F(x) = Ú ÁË 2 + cos t ˜¯ dt then
dt
x 4 x
(p + u) du = Ú cos4 u du = g( x ) .
Êpˆ
F ¢ Á ˜ is equal to
3 I1 = Ú0 cos 0
Ë 6¯
(a) 1/2 (b) 2
p /2 dx
(c) 3/4 (d) 3/2
Example 24: The value of Ú0 1 + tan3 x
is

Ans. (d) (a) 0 (b) 1

x (c) p /4 (d) p/2
Solution: F(x) = Ú (2 – sin t)dt so F ¢(x) = 2 – sin x. Ans. (c)
3 p /2 dx p /2 dx
Thus F¢(p/6) = 2 – 1/2 = 3/2. Solution: I = Ú0 1 + tan x 3
= Ú0 3
1 + tan (p / 2 - x )
1 2n r p /2 dx
Example 21: lim  equals = Ú0 1 + cot 3 x
nƕ n r =1 n2 + r 2
p /2 tan3 x p /2 Ê 1 ˆ p
(a) 1 + 5 (b) – 1 + 5 = Ú0 1 + tan x 3
dx = Ú0 ÁË 1 - 1 + tan3 x ˜¯ d x = 2 - I .
(c) – 1 + 2 (d) 1 + 2 Thus I = p/4.
Ans. (b)
4 2x + 1
1 2n r /n
Example 25: The value of Ú0 3 dx is
Solution: Required limit = lim
nƕ
Â
n r = 1 1 + r 2 / n2 6 Ê 4 ˆ 66
(a) 13 - (b)
2
log 3 ÁË log 3 ˜¯ log 3
2 x
= Ú0 dx = 1 + x2 = 5 - 1.
1 + x2 0 6 Ê 5 ˆ
(c) 13 - (d) none of these
log 3 ÁË log 3 ˜¯
Ans. (d) Example 29: If f(x) = (1 + tan x) (1 + tan (p/4 – x)) and
2 1
Solution: Putting 2x + 1 = t , we have dx = t dt, so g(x) is a function with domain R, then Ú0 x3 g o f (x) dx is
3
4 3 t t ◊ 3t 1 3
fi 2x +1 dx = Ú1 3 t dt = - Ú0 3t dt 1 1
Ú0 3 log 3 0
log 3 (a)
2
g (p /4) (b)
4
g(2)

(3) ◊ 33 - 3 1 78 24 1
= - [3 3
- 3 1
] = - (c) g(1) (d) none of these
log 3 (log 3)2 log 3 (log 3)2 4
Ans. (b)
1 99
Example 26: The value of Ú0 x(1 – x) dx is Ê 1 - tan x ˆ
Solution: f (x) = (1 + tan x) Á 1 +
Ë 1 + tan x ˜¯
1 11
(a) (b)
10100 10100 Ê 2 ˆ
= (1 + tan x) Á = 2.
1 Ë 1 + tan x ˜¯
(c) (d) none of these
10010 1 1
Ans. (a) So Ú0 x3 g o f (x) dx = Ú0 x3 g(2) dx
1 1 1
Solution: Ú0 x (1 - x)99 dx = Ú0 (1 - x) (1 - (1 - x))99 dx x 4 g (2 ) 1
= = g(2).
(Property 9) 4 0
4
101 1
1 x100 x 1 Example 30: The lim Sn if
=Ú (x99 - x100) dx = - = . nÆ•
0 100 101 0
10100
1 1 1 1
1000 Sn = + + +…+ is
n 2n 2 2 2
Example 27: The value of Â Ú n -1 ex–[x] dx is ([x] is 4n - 1 4n - 4 3n + 2n - 1
n =1 (a) p /2 (b) 2
the greatest integer function)
(c) 1 (d) p /6
e1000 - 1 e1000 - 1 Ans. (d)
(a) (b)
1000 e -1
Solution: lim Sn
e -1 nƕ
(c) 1000 (e – 1) (d)
1000 1È 1 1 1
Ans. (c)
= lim Í + + +…
nÆ• n Í 4 - 0 2
Solution: Since the period of the function x - [x] is 1 so Î 4 - 1/ n 4 - 4 / n2
1000 n 1000 1 ˘
 Ún - 1 ex - [x] dx = Ú0 e x – [x] dx + ˙
n - 1ˆ ˙ 2
n =1 4 - ÊÁ
1 1
Ë n ˜¯ ˙˚
= 1000 Ú0 ex – [x] dx = 1000 Ú0 ex dx = 1000 (e – 1).
1 n -1 1 1 dx x 1
p
= lim  = Ú0 = sin -1 = .
Example 28: If f : R Æ R, g: R Æ R are continuous nÆ• n
r = 0 4 - (r / n )
2
4-x 2 2 0 6
p /2
functions then the value of the integral Ú-p / 2 [(f (x) + f (–x)) 3p
(g(x) – g(–x))] dx is Example 31: The value of Ú-p log (sec q – tan q) dq is
(a) 1 (b) 0 (a) 1 (b) 0
(c) – 1 (d) p (c) 2 (d) none of these
Ans. (b) Ans. (b)
Solution: Let F(x) = ( f (x) + f (- x)) (g(x) - g(- x)) so 3p
F(- x) = (f (- x) + f (x)) (g (- x) - g(x)) = - F(x).
Solution: I = Ú- p log (sec q - tan q) dq
p /2 3p
Hence Ú- p / 2 f (x) dx = 0. (using Property 11) = Ú- p log (sec (2p - q) - tan (2p - q)) dq

3p
= Ú- p log (sec q + tan q) dq.
 3p Solution: Since f ¢(x) = f (x) and f (0) = 2 so f (x) = 2ex,
Thus 2I = Ú- p [log (sec q - tan q) + log (sec q + thus f (x) = x + 2ex. Hence
tan q)] dq
1 1
3p 2 2 Ú0 f (x) f (x) dx = 2 Ú0 (xex + 2e2x)dx
= Ú- p log (sec q - tan q)dq
3p = 2 [xex - ex|10 + e2x|10]
= Ú- p log1 dq = 0.
= 2 [([e - e] + 1) + e2 - 1] = 2e2.
• dx x 2
Example 32: If Ú0 ( x 2 + 4) ( x 2 + 9) = kp then the
Example 35: The value of lim
Ú0 cos t dt
is
value of k is xÆ0 x
(a) 1/60 (b) 1/80 (a) 1 (b) 0
(c) 1/40 (d) 1/20 (c) – 1 (d 2
Ans. (a)
Ans. (a)
x
Solution: Solution: Let f (x) = Ú0 cos t2 dt and g(x) = x. Then
f (0) = g(0) = 0.
• dx 1 •È 1 1 ˘
Ú0 ( x 2 + 4) ( x 2 + 9) =
5 Ú0 Î x 2 + 4 x 2 + 9 ˚
Í - ˙dx
\ lim
f (x)
= lim
f ¢ (x)
xÆ0 g (x) x Æ 0 g¢ ( x)
•
1 È1 -1 x 1 -1 x ˘ x 2
=
5 ÍÎ 2
tan -
2 3
tan
3 ˙˚0 fi lim
Ú0 cos t dt
= lim
cos x 2 ◊1 - cos 0 ◊ 0
xÆ0 x xÆ0 1
1 Èp p ˘ p 1 2
= Í - ˙ = , so k = . = lim cos x = cos 0 = 1.
5 Î4 6˚ 60 60
xÆ0 1
3/ 2 x2
Example 33: If Ú- 1 | x sin p x | dx = k/p2, then the value
of k is
Example 36: If f (x) = Ú1/ x 2
cos t dt, then f ¢(1) is equal
to
(a) 3p + 1 (b) 2p + 1 (a) cos 1 (b) 2 cos 1
(c) 1 (d) 4 (c) 4 cos 1 (d) none of these
Ans. (a) Ans. (c)
Solution: d d 1
Solution: f ¢(x) = cos x 2 (x2) – cos 1/ x 2
1 3/ 2 dx d x x2
I= Ú- 1 |x sin p xdx| + Ú1 |x sin p x|dx
(Using Property 18)
2
1 3/ 2 = 2 x cos x + cos (1/x). Hence f ¢(1) = 4 cos 1.
= 2Ú x sin p x dx – Ú x sin p x dx x3
0 1
Example 37: The least value of the function
1
È - x cos p x sin p x ˘ x
=2 Í + – F (x) = Ú0 (3 sin u + 4 cos u) du
Î p p 2 ˙˚0
3/ 2 on the interval (5p/4, 4p/3] is
È - x cos p x sin p x ˘
ÍÎ + 5-4 3
p p 2 ˙˚1 (a) 3 / 2 - 3 / 2 (b)
2
1 1 1 ˘ 3p + 1
= 2 È ˘ - È- = , so k = 3p + 1. 7-4 3 9-4 3
ÍÎ p ˙˚ ÍÎ p 2 - p ˙˚ p2 (c) (d)
2 2
Example 34: If f (0) = 2, f ¢(x) = f (x), f (x) = x + f (x) then Ans. (d)
1 Solution: We have F¢(x) = 3 sin x + 4 cos x. Since sin x
Ú0 f (x) f (x) dx is
and cos x assume negative values in the third quadrant, we
(a) e2 (b) 2e2 have F¢(x) < 0 for all x Œ (5p/4, 4p/3) so F(x) assumes the
(c) 2e (d) 2e – 3/2 least value at the point x = 4p/3. Thus the least value is
Ans. (b) 4p /3
F(4p/3) = Ú0 (3 sin u + 4 cos u)du
 = (– 3 cos u + 4 sin u)| 04p/3 n
So, Im,n = - Im, n –1
4p 4p m +1
= –3 cos + 4 sin – (– 3)
3 3 5
Hence I5,5 = - I 5,4
9 4 3 9-4 3 6
= - = .
2 2 2 5Ê 4 ˆ
= - Ë - I 5,3 ¯
1/ a
log (1 + ax ) 6 6
Example 38: The integral Ú 1 + a2 x2
dx (a > 0) is 5.4.3 5.4.3.2
0 = (-1)3 I 5,2 = (-1)4 I 5,1
equal to 6 3
64
p 1 p
(a) a (log 2) (b) (log 2) 1 1 1
8 a 4 5 x 6 log x 1 1
I5,1 = Ú x log x dx = - Ú x 6 dx
1 p 1 0
6 0 6 0
x
(c) (log 2) (d) 2 (log 2)
a 8 a 1
Ans. (c) = -
62
Solution: Put ax = t, the given integral reduces to 5! 5!
p /4
So I5,5 = (-1)5 6
=-
1
1 log(1 + t ) 1 log(1 + tan u) 2
6 66
Ú
a 0 1+ t 2
dt =
a Ú 1 + tan 2 u
sec u du (t - tan u)
1
0 -1
p /4
Example 40: If In = Ú (cos x )n dx then I6 – 360 I2 is
1 given by 0
=
a Ú log(1 + tan u) du
0 5 3 5 3
p p p p
p /4 (a) 6 Ê ˆ - 24 Ê ˆ (b) 6 Ê ˆ - 120 Ê ˆ
1 Ê Êp ˆˆ Ë2 ¯ Ë2 ¯ Ë2 ¯ Ë2 ¯
=
a Ú log Ë 1 + tan Ë - u ¯¯ du
4 5 5 3
0
p p p
p /4 (c) 6 Ê ˆ (d) 6 Ê ˆ - 4 Ê ˆ
1 Ê 1 - tan u ˆ Ë2 ¯ Ë2 ¯ Ë2 ¯
=
a Ú log Ë 1 +
1 + tan u ¯
du
Ans. (b)
0

1
p /4 Solution: Integrating by parts, we obtain
=
a Ú [log 2 - log(1 + tan u)] du 1 1 1
(cos-1 x )n -1 x
0 -1 n -1
p /4
In = Ú (cos x) dx = x cos x 0
+ Ún
1 - x2
dx
2 1 p 0 0
fi
a Ú log(1 + tan u) du = (log 2)
a 4 1
0 x
p /4
= nÚ (cos-1 x )n -1 dx
2
1 1 p 0 1- x
fi
a Ú log(1 + tan u) du = (log 2)
a 8
0 1 1
= n [- 1 - x (cos x )
-1 n -1
1
2
- Ú (n - 1)(cos-1 x )n - 2 dx ]
Example 39: For m > 0 , n > 0, let Im,n = Ú x m (log x) n 0 0
0
dx, then I5,5 is given by n -1
Êp ˆ
5! 5! = nË ¯ - n (n - 1) I n - 2
(a) - 5 (b) - 2
5
6 5
5
p
(c) - 6
5!
(d)
5! I6 = 6. Ê ˆ - 6.5 I 4
Ë2 ¯
6 66
Ans. (c) 5
È p 3 ˘
p
Solution: Integrating by parts, we obtain = 6. Ê ˆ - 30 Í4 Ê ˆ - 12 I 2 ˙
Ë2 ¯ Î 2Ë ¯ ˚
1 1
x m +1 (log x )n n p p
5 3
x m (log x )n -1 dx I6 – 360 I2 = 6. Ê ˆ - 120 Ê ˆ
m + 1 Ú0
Im,n = -
m +1 0 Ë2 ¯ Ë2 ¯

Since lim x m (log x )n = lim ( x m / n log x )n = 0

x Æ0 + x Æ0 +
 p /2 Example 43: The difference between the greatest and
Example 41: Let In = Ú x n cos x dx then I8 + 56I6 is x

0
the least value of the function F (x) = Ú0 (t + 1) dt on
equal to [2, 3] is
6 8 (a) 3 (b) 2
Êp ˆ Êp ˆ
(a) Ë ¯ (b) Ë ¯ (c) 7/2 (d) 3/2
2 2
Ans. (c)
6 8
p Êp ˆ
(c) Ê ˆ - 1 (d) Ë ¯ - 1 Solution: Differentiating the given function, we get
Ë2 ¯ 2 dx d0
F¢(x) = t + 1]t = x - [t + 1]t = 0 = x + 1.
Ans. (b) dx dx
Solution: This is positive for all x Π[2, 3], so F is an increasing
p /2 function in this interval. Therefore its greatest value is
In = Ú x n cos x dx 3
F(3) = Ú (t + 1) dt and its least value is F(2) = Ú (t + 1) dt,
2

0 0 0

p /2 p /2 so that the required difference between these values is

= x n sin x x n -1 sin x dx 7
0
-n Ú 3 2 3
Ú0 (t + 1)dt - Ú0 (t + 1)dt = Ú2 (t + 1)dt = 2 .
0

È n p /2 p /2
˘ Example 44: The value of the integral
Êp ˆ
= Ë ¯ - n Í- x n -1 cos x + (n - 1) Ú x n - 2 cos x dx ˙ p / 4 sin x + cos x
2 ÎÍ 0
0 ˙˚ Ú0 3 + sin 2 x dx is
n
p
= Ê ˆ – n(n –1) In – 2 (a) log 2 (b) log 3
Ë2 ¯ (c) (1/4) log 3 (d) (1/8) log 3
8 Ans. (c)
p
I8 + 8.7 I6 = Ê ˆ Solution: The integral can be written
Ë2 ¯
p /4 sin x + cos x
Example 42: If a function f : [0, 27] Æ R is differentiable -Ú dx.
27
0
(sin x - cos x )2 - 4
then for some 0 < a < b < 3, Ú f ( x)dx is equal to
0 Now put t = sin x - cos x. Then dt = (cos x + sin x)dx, and
2
(a) 3[a f (a ) + b f (b )] 3 2 3 the integral becomes
0
(b) 3[a2 f (a) + b 2 f (b )] 0 dt 1 È t-2˘
-Ú = - Ílog t + 2 ˙
-1 t 2 -4 4 Î ˚- 1
1
(c) 3[a2 f (a3) + b 2 f (b 3)]
2 1 1
=-
(log 1 - log 3) = log 3.
1 4 4
(d) 3[a2 f (a) + b 2 f (b )]
2 Example 45: The inflection points on the graph of
x
Ans. (c) function y = Ú0 (t – 1) (t – 2)2 dt are
3
x
(a) x = – 1 (b) x = 3/2
Solution: Let g(x) = Ú f (t ) dt so g(0) = 0 (c) x = 4/3 (d) x = 1
0
Ans. (c)
fi g¢(x) = 3x f (x3)
2
dy d2 y
27 Solution: = (x – 1) (x – 2)2 so = (x– 2) (3x –
g(3) - g(1) 1 g(1) - g(0) dx d x2
Ú f (t ) dt = g(3) =
3 -1
+
2 1- 0
0 d2 y
4). The points of inflection are given by = 0 so x = 2,
1 d x2
= g ¢(a ) +
g ¢( b ) x = 4/3 are points of inflection.
2
for some a Œ (1, 3), b Œ (0, 1) Õ (0, 3). but g¢(a) = 3a2 f (a3) p 2 dx
and g¢(b) = 3b2 f (b )3
Example 46: The value of the integral Ú0 1 2
is 1 + sin x
27 6
1
Therefore, Ú f (t ) dt = 3[a 2 f (a 3 ) + b 2 f (b 3 )]
0 2
 p 6 (Property 10)
(a) (b) p 2 3p 4 dx
2 7 3 3 = Úp 4 1 - cos x
p p
(c) (d) 3p 4 Ê 1 1 ˆ
6 2
Ans. (a)
\ 2I = Úp 4 ÁË 1 + cos x + 1 - cos x ˜¯ dx

p 2 dx p 2 sec 2 x d x 3p 4 2
Solution: I = Ú0 1 2
= Ú0 1
= Úp 4 1 - cos2 x
dx
1 + sin x sec 2 x + tan 2 x
6 6
= – 2 cot x p3p44 = 4. Hence I = 2
6 • dt
= Ú (t = tan x)
7 0 6 7 + t2 p2 4
•
Example 50: The value of Ú0 sin x dx is
7 6 p.
= 6 ¥ 7 tan–1 t = ◊ (a) 0 (b) 1
7 6 6 7 2
0 (c) 2 (d) none of these
e2 log x Ans. (c)
Example 47: The value of Úe -1
x
dx is
Solution: Putting x = t so that dx = 2t dt
(a) 3/2 (b) 5/2 p2 4 p 2
(c) 3 (d) 5 Ú0 sin x dx = 2 Ú
0
t sin t dt
Ans. (b)
p /2
e2
log x 1 log x e2 log x = 2 È-t cos t ]p0 / 2 + Ú cos t dt ˘
Solution: Ú -1 dx = - Ú -1 dx + Ú dx ÎÍ 0 ˚˙
e x e x 1 x
= 2[0 + sin t|p/20] = 2
(since log x < 0 for x Œ [e–1, 1] and log x > 0 for x Œ (1, e2))
0 2 100 p
0 2 t2 t2 1 5 Example 51: The value of the integral Ú 1 - cos 2 x
0
= -Ú t dt + - Ú t dt = - + = +2 = dx is
-1 0 2 -1
2 0 2 2
(a) 100 2 (b) 200 2
(c) 0 (d) 100 p
Ïecos x sin x for x £ 2
Example 48: If f(x) = Ì then Ans. (b)
Ó 2 otherwise,
3 Solution: We have 1 - cos 2 x = 2 |sin x|. Since
Ú-2 f(x) dx = 100 p

(a) 0 (b) 1
the period of |sin x| is p, so Ú0 1 - cos 2 x dx =
(c) 2 (d) 3 100 p p

Ans. (c)
2 Ú0 sin x dx = 100 2 Ú0 sin x dx = 200 2 .

3 2 3 b x
Solution: Ú-2 f(x) dx = Ú-2 f(x) dx + Ú2 f(x) dx Example 52: Whenever a < b, the value of Úa x
dx is
(a) b – a (b) a – b
2 3
= Ú-2 ecosx sin x dx + Ú2 2 dx (c) |b| – |a| (d) |b| + |a|
Ans. (c)
= 0 + 2 = 2 since ( a
Ú- a g ( x ) d x = 0 if g ( - x ) = - g ( x ) ) Solution: If 0 £ a < b, then f(x) =
x
x
= 1, therefore,
b
3p 4 dx
Example 49: Úp 4 is equal to Úa f(x) dx = b – a. If a < b £ 0 then f(x) = – 1 and so
1 + cos x
b b
(a) 2 (b) – 2 Úa f(x) dx = a – b. Finally if a < 0 < b then Úa f(x) dx =
(c) 1/2 (d) – 1/2 0 b
Ans. (a) Úa f(x) dx + Ú0 f(x) dx
= – (0 – a) + (b – 0) = b – (– a)
3p 4 dx 3p 4 dx The above three cases can be represented by
Solution: I = Úp 4 1 + cos x
= Úp 4 1 + cos (p - x ) b x
Úa x dx = |b| – |a|.
 Example 53: Let f be an odd function then x2 + 4 - t 2
1 Example 56: If f(x) = Ú x2
e dt , then the function
Ú-1 (|x| + f(x) cos x) dx is equal to f(x) increases in
(a) 0 (b) 1 (a) (– •, 0) (b) (0, •)
(c) 2 (d) none of these (c) (– 1, 2) (d) (– 2, •)
Ans. (b) Ans. (a)
Solution: The function g(x) = |x| is an even function and 2

Solution: f ¢(x) = 2 x e (
- x2 + 4) 4
1 - 2 x e- x
h(x) = f(x) cos x is an odd function so Ú-1 (|x| + f(x) cos x) dx 2

= 2x e (
1 1 - x2 + 4) 2
È1 - e16 + 8 x ˘
=2 Ú0 |x| dx = 2 Ú0 x dx = 1. Î ˚
2
Example 54: Let f be a periodic continuous function Since 1 - e16 + 8 x < 0 for all x so f increases for x < 0.
T
with period T > 0. If I = Ú0 f ( x ) dx Then the value of I1 = 1
4 + 4T Example 57: If Úsin x t
2
f (t ) dt = 1 – sin x, then f 1/ 3 ( )
Ú4 f (3 x ) dx is
is equal to
(a) I (b) 2I (a) 1/3 (b) 1/ 3
(c) 3I (d) 4I (c) 3 (d) 3
Ans. (d) Ans. (d)
Solution: Put 3x = y in I1 Solution: Differentiating both the sides, we obtain
1 12 + 12T – sin2 x f(sin x) cos x = – cos x
I1 = Ú f ( y ) dy
3 12 1
fi f(sin x) = , if cos x π 0
1 È T 11 ( K + 1)T 12 + 12 T ˘ sin 2 x
= Í Ú12 f ( y ) dy + Â ÚK T f ( y ) dy + Ú f ( y ) dy ˙
3 12 T
ÍÎ K =1 ˙˚ If sin x = 1/ 3 then cos x π 0 so f 1/ 3 = 3. ( )
( K + 1)T T
But ÚK T f ( y ) dy = Ú f (u ) du , Example 58: The integral I =
0

Ú- 3 / 2 ([ x ] + x ( ))
3/ 2 3
(Put KT + u = y or use Property 17) + log a x + x 2 + 1 dx is equal
12 + 12 T 12
and Ú12 T f ( y ) dy = Ú0 f (u ) du (a) 0 (b) – 3/2
(c) 1 (d) 3/2
1È T 12 Ans. (b)
Hence I1 = Ú f ( y ) dy + 11I + Ú f (u ) du ˘
3 ÎÍ 12 0 ˚˙ Solution: Let f (x) = x 3 + log a x + ( x2 + 1 )
1 T 1
= È Ú f ( y ) dy + 11I ˘ = ¥ 12 I = 4 I .
Í
3Î 0 ˙
˚ 3 f(–x) = - x 3 + log a - x + ( x2 + 1)
x
6 - u2 du . Then the real 1
Example 55: Let f(x) = Ú0 =
- x 3 + log a
roots of the equation x2 – f ¢ (x) = 0 are x+ x2 + 1

(a) x = ± 6 (b) x = ± 3 = - x 3 + log a x + ( )

x 2 + 1 = – f(x)
3/ 2
(c) x = ± 2 (d) x = ± 1 \ Ú- 3 / 2 f ( x ) dx = 0
Ans. (c)
3/ 2
Solution: Since f ¢(x) = 6 - x 2 , the equation x2 – f ¢ (x) Thus I = Ú- 3 / 2 [ x ] dx
= 0 becomes
-1 0 1 3/ 2
2
x - 6-x 2
=0 fi 4
x +x –6=0 2
= Ú- 3 / 2 (- 2) dx + Ú- 1 - 1 dx + Ú0 0 dx + Ú1 1 dx

= (– 2) [– 1 + 3/2] + (– 1) [0 + 1] + 0 + 1 [3/2 – 1]
fi (x2 – 2) (x2 + 3) = 0 fi x2 – 2 = 0 (x2 + 3 π 0)
= – 1 – 1 + 1/2 = – 3/2.
fi x= ± 2.
 p /4 2
Example 59: Ú0 (
log 1 + tan 2 q + 2 tan q dq = ) =
dx
2
Ú0 1 + x = log (1 + x ) 0 = log 3.
(a) p log 2 (b) (p log 2)/2
(c) (p log 2)/4 (d) log 2 1 sin x 1 cos x
Ans. (c) Example 62: Let I =
x
Ú0 dx and J = Ú0 x
dx .

p /4 Then which one of the following is true

Solution: Let I = Ú0 log (1 + tan q ) dq
2 2
(a) I > and J > 2 (b) I < and J < 2
p /4 3 3
= Ú0 log (1 + tan (p / 4 - q )) dq
2 2
(c) I < and J > 2 (d) I > and J < 2
p /4 Ê 1 - tan q ˆ 3 3
= Ú0 log Á 1 +
Ë 1 + tan q ˜¯
dq
Ans. (b)
p /4 Solution: Since sin x < x for x > 0, we get
= Ú0 [log 2 - log (1 + tan q )] dq sin x
< x for 0 < x < 1
fi 2 I = p/4 log 2. x
p 1 sin x 1 2
Required integral = 2I = log 2 \
4 I= Ú0 x
dx < Ú
0
x dx =
3
b
Example 60: Úa ( x - a ) (b - x ) dx (b > a ) is equal to 1 cos x 1 1
2 2
J= Ú0 x
dx < Ú
0 x
dx = 2
(a) p(b – a) /8 (b) p(b + a) /8
(c) p(b – a)2 (d) p(b + a)2 p
Ans (a) Example 63: I = Ú [cot x ] dx , where [◊] denotes the
0
x-a+x-b 1 greatest integer function, is equal to
Solution: Let t = = x – (a + b)
2 2 (a) – 1 (b) – p/2
b-a (c) p/2 (d) 1
and a= , so that Ans. (b)
2
p p /2
b a
( x - a ) (b - x )dx = (t + a ) (a - t )dt Solution: I = Ú [cot x ] dx = Ú ([cot x ] + [cot (p - x)]) dx
Úa Úa 0 0
a 2 2 p /2
= 2Ú a - t dt
0
a
= Ú ([cot x ] + [- cot x ]) dx
0
Ê t ˆ˘
=t a 2 - t 2 + a 2 sin - 1 Á ˜ ˙ Put cot x = t, so that
Ë a ¯ ˚0
•
dt
2
= p a = p (b - a ) .
2 I= Ú [t ] + [ - t ] 1 + t 2
0
2 8
n k
dt
Ê1
Example 61: lim Á +
1 1ˆ
+…+ ˜ = = lim
nƕ
Â Ú ([t ] + [- t ]) 1 + t 2
nÆ• Ë n n+2 3n ¯ k =1 k -1

(a) log 2 (b) log 3 But [t] + [– t] = – 1 for k – 1 < t < k, therefore
k
(c) log 5 (d) 0 dt
Ans. (b) Ú ([t ] + [- t ]) 1 + t 2
k -1
Ê1 1 1ˆ
Solution: lim Á + +…+ ˜ k
nÆ• Ë n n+2 3n ¯ dt
= Ú (- 1) = ÈÎtan - 1 k - tan - 1 ( k - 1)˘˚
Ê1 1 1 ˆ 1 + t2
= lim Á + +…+ k -1
nÆ• Ë n n +1 n + 2 n ˜¯ n

12n
1 1 2n \ (
I = - lim  tan - 1 k - tan - 1 ( k - 1) )
= lim  = lim  n Æ • k =1
k =0 n + k k = 0 1 + k /n
nƕ nƕ n
 p p
= - lim ÈÎtan - 1 n - tan - 1 0 ˘˚ = - . fi 2I = (8 log 2 ) fi I = p log 2
nƕ 2 4
x
Example 64: Let p(x) be a function defined on R such Example 66: For x Œ (0, 5p/2), define f(x) = Ú t sin t dt
0
that p¢(x) = p¢(1 – x), for all x Œ [0, 1], p(0) = 1 and p(1) = 41. Then f has
1 (a) local maximum at p and local minimum at 2p.
Then Ú0 p ( x ) dx equals
(b) local maximum at p and 2p
(a) 41 (b) 42 (c) local minimum at p and 2p
(c) 41 (d) 21 (d) local minimum at p and local maximum at 2p
Ans. (d) Ans. (a)
Solution: Solution: f ¢(x) = x sin x, so f ¢(x) = 0
1 1 1 1
Ú0 p ( x ) dx = Ú0 1 . p ( x ) dx = [ xp ( x )]0 - I1 = p (1) - I1 fi x = p, 2p but f ¢¢(x) = x cos x -
2 x
sin x, so f ¢¢(p) =

where - p < 0 and f ¢¢(2p) = 2p > 0. Hence f has local maxi-

1 1 mum at x = p and local minimum at x = 2p.
I1 = Ú0 xp¢ ( x ) dx = Ú0 (1 - x ) p ¢ (1 - x ) dx
Example 67: Let [.] denote the greatest integer function
1 1 1◊5
= Ú0 (1 - x ) p¢ ( x ) dx = Ú0 p ¢ ( x ) dx – I1 then the value of Ú0 x ÈÎ x 2 ˘˚ dx is
1 (a) 0 (b) 3/2
fi 2I1 = [ p ( x )]0 = p (1) - p (0 )
(c) 3/4 (d) 5/4
Thus, Ans. (c)
1 1 1
Ú0 p ( x ) dx = p (1) - ( p (1) - p (0)) Solution: Put x2 = t, so that x d x = dt
2 2
1 1 1 2◊25 1 1 2 2◊25
= ( p (1) + p (0)) = (41 + 1) = 21 I= Ú [ t ] dt = Ú [t ]dt + Ú [t ] dt + Ú [t ]dt
2 2 2 0 2 0 1 1

1È 2 2◊25
1 8 log(1 + x) = 0 + Ú dt + 2 Ú dt ˘
Example 65: The value of Ú0 1 + x2
dx is Í
2Î 1 2 ˙˚

(a) log 2 (b) p log2 1 3

= [1 + 2 ¥ .25] =
2 4
p p
(c) log 2 (d) log 2 x

Ans. (b)
8 2 Example 68: If g(x) = Ú0 cos 4t dt, , then g(x + p) equals
(a) g(x) + g(p) (b) g(x) – g(p)
1 log(1 + x)
Solution: Let I = 8Ú dx (c) g(x) g(p) (d) g(x) g(p)
0 1 + x2 Ans. (a), (b)
p /4 (1 + tan q ) x+p
= 8Ú log sec2q dq (x = tan q ) Solution: g(x + p) = Ú0 cos 4t dt
0 sec 2 q
p x +p
p
So I = 8Ú log(1 + tan q ) dq
0
= Ú0 cos 4t dt + Úp cos 4t dt
= g(p) + I
p /4 Êp ˆ x +p
= 8Ú log(1 + tan Á - q ˜ dq
0 Ë4 ¯ where I= Úp cos 4t dt , Put t = p + q, so that
x x
(Ú a
0
a
f ( x )dx = Ú f ( a - x ) dx
0 ) I= Ú0 cos(4p + 4q )dq = Ú0 cos 4q dq = g(x)
So g(x + p) = g(p) + g(x) but
p /4 Ê 1 - tan q ˆ
= 8Ú log Á 1 + dq p
0 Ë 1 + tan q ˜¯ p 1
g(p) = Ú0 cos 4t dt = 4 (sin 4t 0 = 0.
p /4 2 p
= 8Ú log dq = (8 log2 ) - I \ g(x + p) = g(x) – g(p) also.
0 1 + tan q 4
 Example 69: Let f : [–1, 2] Æ [0, •] be a continuous Example 71: Let f be a continuous function satisfying
t2
function such that f(x) = f(1 – x) for all x Œ [–1, 2]. Let R1 = 4 3
2 Ú ( f ( x) + x
2
) dx = p + t for all t, then f (p 2/4) is equal to
3
Ú-1 x f ( x) dx, , and R2 be the area of the region bounded by -p
4
y = f(x), x = –1 and x = 2 and the x-axis. Then p4 p Êp ˆ
(a) p - (b) -
(a) R1 = 2R2 (b) R1 = 3R2 8 2 Ë4 ¯
(c) 2R1 = R2 (d) 3R1 = R2 2
p Êp ˆ p4
Ans. (c) (c) - (d) p -
2 Ë4 ¯ 16
Solution: Ans. (d)
2 2
Solution: Differentiating both sides, we have
R1 = Ú-1 x f ( x)dx = Ú-1 (2 + (-1) - x) f (2 + (-1) - x)dx (f (t2) + t4) 2t = 4t2
2 2
f (t2) + t4 = 2t
= Ú-1 (1 - x) f (1 - x)dx = Ú-1 (1 - x) f ( x)dx
fi f(t2) = 2t – t4
2
fi 2R1 = Ú-1 f ( x)dx = R 2.
so
Êp2 ˆ Ê Êp ˆ2ˆ p Êp ˆ
f ÁË ˜¯ = f ÁË Ë ¯ ˜¯ = 2 - Ë ¯
4

Example 70: The value of 4 2 2 2

log 3 x sin x 2 p4
I= Ú dx is . = p-
log 2
(
sin x 2 + sin log 6 - x 2 ) 16
Example 72: For a continuous function f, the value
1 3 1 3 •
log x 1
(a) log (b) log n
+ x-n )
4 2 2 2 Ú f (x x
+
1 + x2
dx is
0
3 1 3
(c) log (d) log p
2 6 2 (a) (b) 0
Ans. (a) 2
(c) –p (d) 2p
Solution: Put x2 = t, so that Ans. (a)
1 log 3 sin t 1 1
I=
2 Úlog 2 sin t + sin(log 6 - t )
dt Solution: Putting
x
= t fi dx = - 2 dt, so
t
•
1 log 3 sin(log 2 + log 3 - t ) dx
= I= Ú f (x
n
+ x - n ) log x
2 Úlog 2 sin(log 2 + log 3 - t ) + sin t
dt
0
x
0
1 log 3 sin(log 6 - t ) Ê 1ˆ dt
= Ú dt = - Ú f (t - n + t n ) Ë log ¯ t 2
2 log 2 sin t + sin (log 6 - t ) •
t t
•
2I = I + I dt
= - Ú f (t - n + t n ) log t = -I
1 log 3 sin t+ sin (log 6 - t ) t
2 Úlog 2 sin t + sin (log 6 - t )
= dt 0
fi 2I = 0 fi I = 0
1 The given integral is equal to
= [log 3 - log 2] • •
2 1 p
Ú 1 + x2 dx = tan -1 x =
1 3 0 2
fi I= log . 0
4 2