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Interview Core Question

The document outlines mandatory and essential networking topics, including TCP flags, OSI layers, DHCP processes, and DNS queries. It covers detailed aspects of protocols like ARP, Ethernet frames, IP, TCP, FTP, and VPN, as well as concepts related to switching, routing, firewalls, and ICMP. Each topic includes key components, functions, and differences essential for understanding network operations.

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seemabpa
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5 views3 pages

Interview Core Question

The document outlines mandatory and essential networking topics, including TCP flags, OSI layers, DHCP processes, and DNS queries. It covers detailed aspects of protocols like ARP, Ethernet frames, IP, TCP, FTP, and VPN, as well as concepts related to switching, routing, firewalls, and ICMP. Each topic includes key components, functions, and differences essential for understanding network operations.

Uploaded by

seemabpa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mandatory Topics:

TCP flags

OSI layers 3 and 4 - properties

DHCP DORA process/DHCP Relay agent

DNS queries.

TCP handshake

SSL handshake

Ping/ ARP/Traceroute

Essential Topics:

1. OSI Ref Model/TCP-IP Model

� Explanation of each layer

� Protocols at each layer

2. ARP

� Packet structure ARP, GARP

� Diff between ARP & GARP

3. Ethernet Frame

� Fields in Ethernet II frame

� Size of Ethernet Frame

� LLC & MAC Sublayer

4. IP

� Fields in IP header

� Importance of Identification field, Flags, Fragment Offset

� Fragmentation-Importance, Detailed understanding of how packet is


reassembled

� Path MTU Discovery

5. TCP

� 3 way handshake

� Parameters Informed, negotiated in TCP

� Fields in TCP header

� Windowing in TCP

� Purpose of Sequence, Ack number

� Window Size , MSS, Windows Scale Factor, SACK

� Zero Window

� Diff between MSS & MTU

� Flags -SYN,ACK,FIN,RST,PSH,URG

� Diff between Push & Urg , Purpose of RST bit

� Segmentation

� 4 way close

� Flow Control �Sliding Window

� Error Control � TCP retransmissions

6. FTP

� How Active & Passive FTP works

� PORT & PASV command

� Troubleshooting FTP issues

7. Traceroute , ICMP, Ping

� How Traceroute, Tracert works

� ICMP message in traceroute

� ICMP Type & Code (Type 8, Type 0, Type 3, Type 11)

� Meaning of traceroute output


8. Switching & Routing Basics

� Working of a Layer 2 switch

� MAC Table, CAM Table , ARP Table

� Static & Default Route

9. Firewall

� Stateful vs stateless Firewall

� Parameters in a Session Table

� NAT , PAT

� TCP Packet through Firewall , SYN check, Sequence check

10. VPN

� Need for VPN

� Types of VPN

� Phase 1 & Phase 2 messages � Main mode, Aggressive Mode, Quick Mode

� Need for 2 Phases in IPsec

� Symmetric & Asymmetric keys, Hash & HMAC,DH group

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