WRITING TASK 2

Các cách diễn đạt nguyên nhânBe attributable/attributed/ascribable

(formal)/ascribed (formal) toResult in/Lead to/Occasion (formal) (Verb) = Cause
(Verb)Result from/Stem from (Verb) = Be caused by/ Be a result of something
Các cách diễn đạt mang ý nghĩa “quan trọng”:It is of (great/paramount)
importance/significance for somebody to do something.It is of the essence for
somebody to do something (formal)
*** Opinion essay
It is widely argued that……..,yet some contend that…While acknowledging…., I
believe that…
For example:
It is widely argued that government spending on academic education for young
people is paramount, yet some contend that more funds should be allocated to
extracurricular and leisure activities. While acknowledging the critical role of
formal education, I believe that increasing investment in free‐time programmes is
equally essential to foster well‐rounded development
Kho ý tưởng writing task 2
TOPIC: EDUCATION

*GROUP/INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITIES
-Participate in group activities
+the enhancement of communication and collaboration abilities-Working in small
discussion groups enhances students’ ability to articulate their thoughts clearly,
especially when they are required to defend or refine their ideas based on peer
feedback.
+develop conflict resolution and leadership capabilities-essential interpersonal and
practical skills applicable to real-life situation-When students participate in team-
based tasks, they develop essential interpersonal skills, such as negotiation and
conflict resolution, which are crucial for their future careers.
+Collaborative learning environments allow learners to exchange diverse
perspectives, thereby fostering critical thinking and broadening their understanding
of complex topics.
 team-based tasks
 peer collaboration
 cooperative learning
 interactive group settings
 project-based teamwork

-Engaging in individual activities

+independence and self-disclipline
+solitary environments often nurture creativity and self-reflection-Working alone
often fosters creativity, as students are free from peer influence and more inclined to
generate original ideas without the pressure to conform.
🔹 Synonyms/phrases:
 self-paced learning
 autonomous study
 individual coursework
 self-directed tasks
 independent research
Purpose of education:
It is often contended that the primary function of schools is to mould children into responsible
citizens and capable workers, rather than to nurture their individual growth. In my view, schools
should equally foster personal fulfilment and critical thinking for truly holistic development.
Educational institutions should indeed equip students with the skills and values needed for
societal contribution. A key aspect of this role involves preparing young people for the
workforce through a balanced curriculum that integrates academic learning with vocational
training. Courses in mathematics, science, and hands-on workshops provide practical
competencies that are directly applicable to a wide range of careers. As a result, students
graduate with enhanced employability and are better positioned to contribute economically to
society. Equally important is the responsibility of schools to instill social responsibility and
discipline. Through civic education and well-established behavioural expectations, students learn
to navigate the social norms of a structured environment. For instance, lessons on governance,
involvement in community service projects, and the enforcement of school rules help foster
respect, cooperation, and national values, guiding pupils toward becoming responsible, law-
abiding citizens.

Beyond societal preparation, however, educational settings should also encourage students to
explore their unique talents and perspectives. This can be achieved by fostering personal interests
and abilities through subjects such as the arts, sports, and electives. By offering opportunities in
these areas, schools enable learners to discover and develop their individual passions. In turn,
this form of self-directed learning enhances motivation and promotes greater satisfaction in both
academic and personal pursuits. In addition, the development of critical thinking and a strong
sense of identity is nurtured through open dialogue and exposure to a broad range of disciplines.
For instance, classroom debates on literature, history, and current events encourage students to
examine multiple viewpoints and express their own ideas clearly. As a result, such intellectual
freedom helps shape well-rounded, confident individuals who are capable of independent
thought and navigating complex social realities.
***In many countries, some students live with their families while studying, but other
students prefer to attend universities in other cities. Do the advantages of living away
from home outweigh the disadvantages?
It is increasingly common for students to move away from their hometowns to pursue higher
education, trading the comfort of family support for the challenges of independent living. While
this choice can introduce emotional strain and financial pressures, I believe that the beneficial
effects brought about by living independently ultimately outweigh these difficulties.

Living away from home can bring notable emotional and financial difficulties for university
students. One major challenge is the emotional toll caused by separation from daily family
support. Being apart from parents and lifelong friends removes familiar sources of reassurance
and comfort, leaving students more vulnerable to stress and homesickness. As a result, prolonged
isolation can lead to anxiety and depression, which may hinder academic performance and
overall well-being. In addition to emotional strain, financial burdens also intensify when students
must manage living expenses independently. Those residing in major urban centres, for instance,
often face premium rates for housing and transportation. Consequently, the high cost of living
forces many students to take on part-time jobs, increasing financial pressure and reducing the
time and energy available for their studies.

Despite these hardships, the long-term benefits of living independently are of greater
significance. First, personal growth and self-reliance often emerge when students take charge of
their daily responsibilities. Managing household chores, budgeting expenses, and organizing
schedules fosters both discipline and self-confidence. Consequently, living independently
strengthens time-management abilities and hones decision-making skills. Second, students also
benefit from expanded social and cultural exposure as they engage with diverse communities in
unfamiliar environments. For example, freshmen who relocate to a new city often join
multicultural clubs or attend local festivals that broaden their perspectives. These enriching
experiences cultivate adaptability and intercultural competence, ultimately enhancing their
resumes and boosting long-term career prospects.

In conclusion, although relocating for university can lead to homesickness and increased living
costs, the enduring benefits of self-reliance, improved decision-making, and broader cultural
exposure make it a worthwhile endeavor. By embracing these challenges, students equip
themselves with the skills and experiences necessary for both personal fulfilment and
professional success.
***Art classes, such as painting and drawing, are as important to a child's
development as other subjects, so it should be compulsory in high schools. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?
It is often argued that art classes, such as painting and drawing, are no less important to
children’s development than academic subjects and should therefore be compulsory in high
schools. I strongly agree with this view for several reasons.

Artistic education plays a vital role in developing cognitive and emotional skills in children. One
key benefit is that art activities stimulate divergent thinking and encourage original expression.
When students experiment with colours, forms, and techniques, they learn to generate multiple
solutions rather than relying solely on memorised methods. Consequently, this creative growth
contributes to stronger problem-solving skills and greater innovation in both academic and real-
world contexts. In addition to this, artistic education also supports emotional and psychological
development by providing a channel for self-expression. For example, during periods of stress or
anxiety, pupils often use painting or drawing to communicate complex emotions. As a result, this
artistic outlet promotes healthier emotional regulation and helps improve overall mental well-
being.

Moreover, integrating art into the curriculum supports balanced development and inclusivity.
The first reason behind this is that some learners naturally excel in visual or hands-on disciplines
more than in conventional academic areas. For students who struggle with lectures and written
exams, art offers an alternative route to achievement and meaningful engagement. Thus, the
presence of art classes in the curriculum can boost self-esteem and inspire broader participation
across academic subjects. Moreover, engaging in artistic practice cultivates transferable skills
that are valuable in both education and the workplace. For instance, group mural projects
promote teamwork and communication, while individual drawing exercises refine observational
accuracy and attention to detail. Consequently, these skills—collaboration, focus, and precision
—can translate effectively into other disciplines and future professional environments.
I. ART
Arguments for teaching art in schools Arguments against teaching art in schools
●Art education provides students with a ● Art can be expensive, requiring
well-rounded education that includes materials, equipment, and facilities that
creative and expressive skills. may be beyond the reach of some
● Art classes can be a way for students to individuals and communities.
explore their interests and develop their ● Time spent on art classes could be
passions. better used for other subjects that are
● Art can promote cultural understanding seen as more important, such as maths
and appreciation for different or science.
perspectives. ● The value of art is subjective and
● Art classes can provide a sense of varies from person to person, making it
community and belonging for students difficult to measure its impact on student
 who may not excel in traditional success / Art can be a subjective pursuit,
academic subjects. meaning that it may not appeal to
● The arts contribute to the economy everyone or be seen as valuable by all.
through job creation, tourism, and ● Funding for the arts can be seen as a
cultural events that attract people to luxury that the government cannot afford,
cities and regions. particularly during times of economic
● The arts are an important aspect of hardship.
cultural heritage and identity, promote ● Some people believe that the arts are a
cultural awareness and appreciation, niche interest that only appeals to a small
providing insight into different segment of the population, and therefore
perspectives and traditions. should not be supported by public funds.
which should be preserved and ● Art may be criticised for being
celebrated. impractical or lacking in tangible
● The arts can have a positive impact on benefits, such as financial returns or
mental health and wellbeing, as they concrete results.
provide opportunities for creative ● Art can be seen as a luxury or
expression and stress relief. indulgence that is not essential for a
● Art can provide a means of creative healthy and fulfilling life.
expression and exploration for
individuals, helping them to develop
their skills and interests.
● Art can be a means of communication,
conveying complex ideas and emotions
in a powerful and effective way
Introduction
 Although some individuals contend that art represents a superfluous use of
time and resources, this essay will argue that its multifaceted contributions
to society significantly outweigh any perceived disadvantages.

Body Paragraph 1: Cultural and Societal Value

 Art serves as a profound medium for preserving cultural heritage and
expressing societal values, allowing current and future generations to engage
with the historical and emotional narratives of their communities.
 Iconic examples—such as Renaissance frescoes, Dickensian novels, and
contemporary urban murals—demonstrate that artistic expression is not
merely decorative, but an essential mechanism for societal reflection and
cohesion.

Body Paragraph 2: Economic and Developmental Impact

  The creative industries contribute substantially to national and global
economies by generating employment, stimulating tourism, and fostering
innovation across diverse sectors.
 Cultural events and institutions—ranging from film festivals to art museums
—play a vital role in economic revitalization and international collaboration,
underlining art’s tangible financial and developmental benefits.
2.Cultural heritage sites are often at risk of damage or destruction due to various
factors. What are the problems and what can be done to protect them?
Problems facing cultural heritage sites Solutions to protect cultural heritage sites
● Natural disasters such as earthquakes, ● Develop and implement effective
floods, and wildfires can damage or disaster management plans to prepare for
destroy cultural heritage sites. and respond to natural disasters and
● Climate change can cause sea level climate change impacts.
rise, erosion, and other environmental ● Implement measures to limit
changes that threaten cultural heritage development and protect cultural heritage
sites. sites from urbanisation and construction
● Urbanisation and development can projects.
encroach upon cultural heritage sites, ● Establish legal protections for cultural
leading to destruction or degradation of heritage sites, including designation as
the site. World Heritage sites, national parks, or
● War, conflict, and acts of terrorism can other protected areas.
result in deliberate destruction of ● Increase public awareness and education
cultural heritage sites. about the value and significance of cultural
● Lack of funding, maintenance, and heritage sites to encourage responsible
proper management can lead to behaviour and stewardship.
neglect and deterioration of cultural ● Provide adequate funding, management,
heritage sites. and maintenance for cultural heritage sites
to ensure their preservation and longevity.

II. BUSINESS
1. Some people believe that the government should regulate businesses more
strictly to prevent unethical practices, while others believe that businesses should
have more freedom to operate without government intervention. Discuss both
views and give your own opinion.
*** paraphrase: impose stricter regulation on…
Give freedom= grant the autonomy
Arguments in favour of strict government Arguments in favour of business freedom
regulation ● Businesses should have the freedom to
 ● Government regulations can protect innovate and pursue new opportunities
consumers from harmful or deceptive without unnecessary government
business practices, such as false intervention, which can stifle creativity
advertising or unsafe products. and innovation.
● Regulations can ensure that ● Excessive regulations can create a
businesses operate in a socially bureaucratic burden that can impede
responsible and sustainable manner, business growth and development.
taking into account the impact of their ● Businesses should have the freedom to
actions on the environment and make their own decisions about how to
society. run their operations, without
● Regulations can promote fair interference from the government.
competition and prevent monopolies, ● In some cases, self-regulation and
which can harm consumers and limit voluntary standards can be just as
innovation. effective as government regulations in
● Regulations can protect workers' rights promoting ethical business practices.
and ensure fair labour practices,
including safe working conditions and
fair pay.
2. Some people believe that businesses should prioritise profit over social
responsibility. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
● Businesses have a responsibility to act ethically and responsibly towards their
stakeholders, including employees, customers, and the environment.
● Prioritising social responsibility can lead to increased customer loyalty and trust,
as consumers are more likely to support businesses that share their values.
● Businesses that are socially responsible are more likely to attract and retain
talented employees who value working for a company that has a positive impact on
society.
● Investing in social responsibility can lead to long-term benefits, such as reduced
costs, increased efficiency, and improved reputation.
3. In many countries, there is a skills gap between what businesses need and what
workers are trained for. What are the causes of this and what can be done to
address the issue?
Causes of the skills gap Possible solutions to address the skills gap
● Rapid technological changes and ● Education and training programs need
advancements are requiring new skills to be restructured to align with the skills
that many workers may not have. that are in demand in the job market.
● Changes in the job market and ● Employers can work with educational
economic trends are leading to a institutions to develop training
mismatch between the skills that programs that will provide students with
businesses need and the skills that the skills they need to succeed in the
workers possess. workforce.
● A lack of investment in education and ● Government policies can encourage
training programs is leading to a and incentivize businesses to invest in
shortage of skilled workers. education and training programs.
● Limited access to affordable education ● Businesses can provide on-the-job
and training programs is preventing training and development opportunities
some individuals from acquiring the for their employees to improve their
necessary skills. skills and fill gaps in their knowledge.
● Employers may have unrealistic ● Educational institutions can provide
expectations for the qualifications and career counselling and guidance to
skills needed for certain jobs, leading to students to help them make informed
a lack of qualified candidates. decisions about their future careers
and the skills they will need
4. Many businesses are moving towards more flexible work arrangements. Do the
advantages of flexible work arrangements outweigh the disadvantages for
businesses and workers?
● Can improve work-life balance, leading to reduced stress and improved mental
health.
● Can provide more autonomy and control over their work schedule.
●Can enable workers to better manage family and caregiving responsibilities.
● Can eliminate the need for lengthy commutes, saving time and money.
● Can provide access to job opportunities that may not have been feasible without
remote work options
5. Many businesses are increasingly using automation and artificial intelligence to
improve efficiency and productivity. Do you think this is a positive or negative
development for businesses and workers?
Advantages of automation and AI for Disadvantages of automation and AI for
businesses businesses
● Can increase efficiency and ● Can be costly to implement and
productivity, leading to reduced costs maintain, requiring significant
and increased output. investments in technology and training.
● Can improve accuracy and ● Can result in job losses or changes in
consistency job roles and responsibilities, leading to
in tasks that are prone to human error. employee dissatisfaction and
● Can perform repetitive or dangerous resistance.
tasks that may be unsuitable or unsafe ● Can result in reduced creativity and
for human workers. innovation, as machines may not be
● Can provide valuable insights through capable of creative problem-solving or
 data analysis and predictive analytics. thinking outside the box.
● Can improve customer service through ● Can result in increased dependence on
chatbots and other automated technology, making businesses
interactions. vulnerable to cybersecurity threats and
other risks.
III. COMMUNICATION
1. Many people believe that social media has made communication easier and
more accessible, while others believe it has led to a decline in meaningful
communication. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Advantages of social media for Disadvantages of social media for
communication communication
● Allows for easy and instant ● Can lead to a lack of meaningful
communication with friends, family, and interaction and shallow relationships,
colleagues across the world. as people may prioritize online
● Provides a platform for sharing ideas communication over face-to-face
and opinions, facilitating discussion interaction.
and debate. ● Can facilitate the spread of
● Can help to maintain and strengthen misinformation and fake news, leading
relationships over long distances or to confusion and polarization.
periods of time. ● Can lead to addiction and excessive
● Offers a range of communication use, leading to negative impacts on
channels, including text, voice, and mental health and wellbeing.
video. ● Can lead to cyberbullying and
● Can facilitate the exchange of harassment, as people may feel
information and knowledge, providing anonymous and emboldened to
access to a wide range of resources engage in negative behaviors online.
and expertise. ● Can lead to a loss of privacy and
security, as personal information may
be shared or stolen without consent.
Arguments for the importance of Arguments against the importance of
effective communication skills effective communication skills
● Communication is essential for ● Some people may be naturally
building introverted or have social anxiety, and
and maintaining relationships with may find it difficult to develop strong
others, whether in personal or communication skills.
professional settings. ● In some professions, technical skills
● Effective communication can help to may be considered more important
avoid misunderstandings, conflicts, and than communication skills.
other problems that can arise from ● Some people may prioritize other
 miscommunication. qualities or skills, such as creativity or
● Communication skills are highly problem-solving ability, over
valued by employers and are often communication skills.
considered
a key factor in career success.
● Good communication skills can help
to
inspire and motivate others, leading to
better teamwork and collaboration.
● Effective communication skills can
enhance one's personal and social life
by improving the quality of interactions
with others.
3. Many people struggle with public speaking, whether in a professional or
personal setting. What are the causes of this fear, and what strategies can be used
to ovecome it?
● Fear of judgement and criticism from ● Preparation and practice, including
others rehearsal and familiarisation with the
● Lack of confidence or self-esteem topic
● Inexperience or lack of preparation ● Visualisation techniques, such as
● Perceived pressure to perform well or imagining a successful speech or
meet high expectations presentation
● Past negative experiences or traumatic ● Deep breathing and relaxation
events related to public speaking exercises to reduce anxiety and stress
● Gradual exposure to public speaking
situations, starting with smaller
audiences and gradually increasing the
size and complexity of the audience
● Seeking support from mentors,
coaches, or therapy to address
underlying psychological issues and
build confidence and self-esteem
4. With the rise of social media and messaging apps, it is now easier than ever to
stay connected with friends and family. Do you think the advantages of these
technologies outweigh the disadvantages?
● Easier and more convenient ● Can lead to addiction or overuse, which
communication with friends and family, can negatively impact mental health
regardless of geographic location and social relationships
● Can help to maintain relationships and ● Can lead to a sense of social
 stay connected even with busy comparison or pressure to present a
schedules curated image of oneself online
● Can facilitate communication in ● Can be a source of cyberbullying or
emergencies or urgent situations online harassment
● Allows for sharing of photos, videos, ● Can be a distraction from face-to-face
and other media to enhance communication and personal
communication and stay connected connections
● Can provide access to support and ● Can raise concerns around privacy and
resources for those who may be data security, as personal information
isolated or in need of assistance is shared online
● Can help to bridge cultural and
language barriers in global
communication
5. In recent years, many companies have implemented remote work policies,
allowing employees to work from home. Do you think this is a positive or negative
development
● Increased flexibility and work-life ● Lack of face-to-face interaction and
balance for employees collaboration with colleagues,
● Reduced commuting time and costs, potentially leading to decreased
leading to increased productivity and creativity and innovation
job satisfaction ● Potential for distractions at home and
● Ability to work from anywhere with an difficulty in separating work and
internet connection, allowing for greater personal life
job opportunities and access to global ● Dependence on technology and
talent potential for technical difficulties
● Reduced office space and overhead ● Potential for decreased motivation and
costs for companies work ethic without direct supervision
● Can reduce carbon emissions and ● Potential for feelings of isolation and
environmental impact from commuting disconnection from company culture