Officer (G), Bangladesh Bank
Topic - Basics of advance writing 1
-What is a sentence?
-What is clause?
-Independent clause, dependent clause
-Conjunction (Coordinating conjunction, subordinating conjunction)
-Types of sentence according to structure
o Simple,
o Complex
o Compound sentence &
o Compound – complex sentence
Sentence
A sentence is a set of words that is complete in itself, typically containing a subject and verb,
conveying a statement, question, exclamation, or command, and consisting of a main clause or at
least a complete thought and sometimes one or more subordinate clauses.
Oxford Dictionary
Example:
- Royal Enfield bike is in Bangladesh.
Clause
A part of a sentence that depicts a complete meaning. A group of words that contains a subject
and a verb that have a relationship.
Example:
- He is an honest man. + He eats rice. = He is an honest man and he eats rice.
Types of clauses
1. Independent Clause
2. Dependent Clause
An independent clause is a clause that can stand on its own as a distinct sentence.
Example:
1. I love eating biryani.
2. My dog barks a lot.
3. I have a beautiful garden.
4. He catches fish.
A dependent clause is not a complete sentence. Dependent clauses are sometimes
known as subordinate clauses. As their name implies, these clauses depend on
independent clauses to clearly express ideas.
Example
1. I want to play football when I grow up.
Or, When I grow up, I want to play football.
2. Although he is an honest man, he keeps bad company.
Or, He keeps bad company although he is an honest man.
3. Despite Lily’s valiant effort, the company has gone to ruins.
Or, The company has gone to ruins despite Lily’s valiant effort.
4. Where were you when I was in trouble?
Simple – He is playing football.
Compound –
- He is poor.
- He is honest.
- He is poor but he is honest.
More example-
- Bangladesh is a densely populated country, and it faces many challenges due to its
geography.
- Bangladesh has a rich cultural heritage, yet poverty remains a significant issue.
Complex
-Where were you when I was in trouble? [1IC + 1DC]
-He is a poor man who wears a shirt. [1 IC + 1 DC]
>1 or more than 1IC + 1 or more than 1 DC
-He is poor but he is honest; however, his integrity knows no bounds
Compound-complex sentence
- Although she was tired from the long day, Sarah finished her homework, and then she
rewarded herself with a hot cup of tea
This sentence contains:
Two independent clauses:
Sarah finished her homework.
She rewarded herself with a hot cup of tea.
One dependent clause:
Although she was tired from the long day
These clauses are connected by the coordinating conjunction "and" and the
subordinating conjunction "although."
When you want to write a sentence that has more than one independent clause, you
need to combine clauses.
The clauses are joined by a comma paired with a coordinating
conjunction, a semicolon, or a colon.
Let’s make some !!!
Coordinating Conjunction –
FANBOYS – For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So
Subordinating Conjunction –
Who, whom, whose, where, how, that, because, since, if, even, though, although, while,
in spite of, despite etc….
Thank You Folks
