ROBOTICS
Introduction to ROBOTICS
2
3
A Robot is: An electromechanical device
that is:
• Reprogrammable
• Multifunctional
• Sensible for environment and
• Perform an action/task
4
What is a Robot:
Manipulator
5
What is a Robot:
Legged Robot Wheeled Robot
What Can Robots Do:
Repetitive jobs that are boring,
stressful, or labor-intensive for
humans
Welding Robot
7
Verity of Robotics
Sony AIBO
MQ-1 Predator
Sony QRIO
8
• Robotics is a multi-disciplinary field. Best robotics researchers
and engineers will touch upon all disciplines:
• Mechanical Engineering – concerned primarily with
manipulator/mobile robot design, kinematics, dynamics,
compliance and actuation.
• Electrical Engineering – concerned primarily with robot
actuation, electronic interfacing to computers and sensors, and
control algorithms.
• Computer Science – concerned primarily with robot
programming, planning, and intelligent behavior.
9
Robotic Hardware
A Robot is a system, consists of the following elements,
which are integrated to form a whole:
• Manipulator / Rover : This is the main body of the
Robot and consists of links, joints and structural
elements of the Robot.
• End Effector : This is the part that generally handles
objects, makes connection to other machines, or
performs the required tasks.
It can vary in size and complexity from a end effector on
the space shuttle to a small gripper
• Actuators : Actuators are the muscles of the
manipulators. Common types of actuators are
servomotors, stepper motors, pneumatic
cylinders etc.
• Sensors : Sensors are used to collect
information about the internal state of the robot
or to communicate with the outside
environment. Robots are often equipped with
external sensory devices such as a vision
system, touch and tactile sensors etc which
help to communicate with the environment
• Controller : The controller receives data from
the computer, controls the motions of the
actuator and coordinates these motions with
the sensory feedback information.
Robotic Software
• Traditionally, the robot is modeled with
centralized control
– That is, a central processor running a central
process is responsible for planning
– Other processors are usually available to control
motions and interpret sensor values
• passing the interpreted results back to the central
processor
• In such a case, we must implement a central
reasoning mechanism with a pre-specified
representation
– Requiring that we identify a reasonable process for
planning and a reasonable representation for
representing the plan in progress and the
environment
Application Areas of Robots
• There are over 3.5 million robots in use in society
of which, about 1 million are industrial robots
– 50% in Asia, 32% in Europe, 16% in North America
Factory robot uses in:
• Mechanical production, e.g., welding, painting
• Packaging–often used in the production of
packaged food, drinks, medication
• Electronics – placing chips on circuit boards
• Automated guided vehicles – robots that move
along tracks, for instance as found in a hospital or
production facility
• Other robot uses for:
– Bomb disabling
– Exploration (volcanoes, underwater, other planets)
– Cleaning – at home, lawn mowing, cleaning pipes
in the field, etc
– Fruit harvesting
Questions
Question:
•Define the term robotics?
•Explain applications of robotics?
End
