PYTHON
1. Shortcuts
print("Weclome to Hartron Advance Skill Center")
Weclome to Hartron Advance Skill Center
print(23+83)
106
2. To check system version
import sys
print(sys.version)
3.12.4 | packaged by Anaconda, Inc. | (main, Jun 18 2024, 15:03:56)
[MSC v.1929 64 bit (AMD64)]
3. keywords
keywords are reserved predefined word in python
# To check all available keyword in python
import keyword
print(keyword.kwlist)
['False', 'None', 'True', 'and', 'as', 'assert', 'async', 'await',
'break', 'class', 'continue', 'def', 'del', 'elif', 'else', 'except',
'finally', 'for', 'from', 'global', 'if', 'import', 'in', 'is',
'lambda', 'nonlocal', 'not', 'or', 'pass', 'raise', 'return', 'try',
'while', 'with', 'yield']
# To check total number of available keyword in pyhton
len(keyword.kwlist)
35
4. identifiers
In Python, identifiers are the names you give to things like:
variables
functions
classes
modules
objects
Basically, an identifier is just a name used to identify something in your Python program.
5. Comments
Comments are put for better code readability
There two types of comment
# This is single line comment
# This is a single-line comment
x = 10 # Assigning value 10 to variable x
print(x) # Printing the value of x
'''This is multi line comment'''
x = 20
print(x)
20
'''
This is a multi-line comment.
It uses triple single quotes.
Python will ignore this text.
'''
x = 20
print(x)
20
"""
This is another way
using triple double quotes
to write multi-line comments.
"""
y = 30
print(y)
30
6. variables
variable are reserved memory location where we store some value. it is create a moment we
assign it some value
y=10 # Y is storing a value 10
# here y is a calling valiable
print(y) #printing content of variable o/p 10
10
print("welome to the Harton Advance Skill Centre")
welome to the Harton Advance Skill Centre
7. Assignment
In Python, assignment is the process of storing a value in a variable. This is done using the
assignment operator, which is the equal sign (=).
#Single Assignment
name="Sujay"
city="Delhi"
Age=23
Subject="Science"
# Why this is called single assignment? ANS=> because each variable
is assigned a value separately, one by one.
#Multiple Assignment
name, city, Age, Subject = "Sujay", "Delhi", 23, "Science"
# Why this is called Multiple assignment? ANS=> becauseall variables
are assigned values in a single line
8. Statement
In Python, a statement is a single line of code (or instruction) that the Python interpreter can
execute.
Examples of Python Statements:
#1. Assignment Statement
x = 10
#(assigns value 10 to variable x)
#2. Print Statement
print("Hello, World!")
#(outputs text to the screen)
Hello, World!
#3. If Statement
if x > 5:
print("x is greater than 5")
#4. Loop Statement
for i in range(10):
print(i)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
🔹 Types of Statements in Python
1. Simple Statements – written in one line (e.g., assignment, print).
2. Compound Statements – that control other statements (e.g., if, while, for,
function, class)
🔹 Data
Data means information that we store and process in a program.
Example: Numbers, text, lists, etc.
#👉 In Python, everything you create or store is some form of data.
x = 10 # data = number
y = "Sujay" # data = text
z = [1, 2, 3] # data = list
Data types
Basically there are five types of data in python
int,complex, float,bool,string
int
import sys
x=12
print(x)
print(type(x))
print(isinstance(x,int))
print(sys.getsizeof(x))
12
<class 'int'>
True
28
complex
import sys
x=12+10j
print(x)
print(type(x))
print(isinstance(x,int))
print(sys.getsizeof(x))
(12+10j)
<class 'complex'>
False
32
float
import sys
x=12.5
print(x)
print(type(x))
print(isinstance(x,float))
print(sys.getsizeof(x))
1654216154.5
<class 'float'>
True
24
bool
import sys
x=True
print(x)
print(type(x))
print(isinstance(x,bool))
print(sys.getsizeof(x))
True
<class 'bool'>
True
28
string
import sys
x="hi how are you"
print(x)
print(type(x))
print(isinstance(x,str))
print(sys.getsizeof(x))
hi how are you im fine
<class 'str'>
True
63
String Creation
str1="Hello python"
str1
'Hello python'
str2="hello world"
str2
'hello world'
string indexing
str1="Hello python"
str1
'Hello python'
str1[6]
'p'
str1[5]
#indexing is also count space and the index number of space is 5 thats
why here print ' '
' '
str1[7]
'y'
print(str1[6],str1[7])
p y
str1[-2]
'o'
str1[-8]
'o'
str1[-6]
'p'
str1[-9]
'l'
string slicing
str1
'Hello python'
str1[0:7] #it contains starting index 0 and ending index 7
'Hello p'
str1[5:10] #it contains starting index 5 and ending index 10
' pyth'
str1[-6:-2] #it contains starting index -6 and ending index -2
'pyth'
str1[:]
'Hello python'
str1[1:]
'ello python'
str1[:10]
'Hello pyth'
str1[-9:]
'lo python'
str1[:-9]
'Hel'
Used to reverse the string
str1[::-1]
'nohtyp olleH'
skip 1 chatacter
str1[0:12:2]
'Hlopto'
skip 2 chatacter
str1[0:12:3]
'Hlph'
update and delete string
string are immutable(unchangeable) that means we cannot delete any specific chafratcter string
of string
str1
'Hello python'
x=(str1.replace("He","Hi"))
'Hillo python'
str1
'Hello python'
del str1
str1
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
NameError Traceback (most recent call
last)
Cell In[73], line 1
----> 1 str1
NameError: name 'str1' is not defined
backup = str1
del str1
print(backup) # still accessible
Hello python
backup
'Hello python'
String concatenation
str1="Data"
str1
'Data'
str2="Science"
str2
'Science'
print(str1+str2)
DataScience
print(str1+' '+str2)
Data Science
String membership
str1="Science"
'S' in str1
True
'i' in str1
True
'k' in str1
False
'p' in str1
False
String partitioning
str1="Raju and Ramu and Neeta are best friends"
str1
'Raju and Ramu and Neeta are best friends'
str1.partitioning("and")
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
AttributeError Traceback (most recent call
last)
Cell In[94], line 1
----> 1 str1.partitioning("and")
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'partitioning'
str1.partition("and")
('Raju ', 'and', ' Ramu and Neeta are best friends')
str1.partition("are")
('Raju and Ramu and Neeta ', 'are', ' best friends')
Built in Functions string
str1
'Raju and Ramu and Neeta are best friends'
count
In Python, the count() method is used to count how many times a substring or element appears
in a string (or in a list).
str1.count('e')
str1.count('R')
strip
it will remove white space bydefoult from both side of string
str1=' hello '
str1
' hello '
str1.strip()
'hello'
rstrip
it will remove white space bydefoult from right side of string
str1.rstrip()
' hello'
lstrip
it will remove white space bydefoult from right side of string
str1.lstrip()
'hello '
str1="***Hello$$$"
str1
'***Hello$$$'
str1.strip("*$")
'Hello'
Upper & Lowwer
str1="hello python"
str1
'hello python'
str1.upper()
'HELLO PYTHON'
str2="GOOD DAY"
str2
'GOOD DAY'
str2.lower()
'good day'
Startwith()
Returns True if string start with arguments string
str1 = "hello world"
print(str1.startswith("h")) # True
print(str1.startswith("he")) # True
print(str1.startswith("w")) # False
True
True
False
Endswith()
Returns True if string end with arguments string
str1 = "Python is fun"
print(str1.endswith("fun")) # True
print(str1.endswith("n")) # True
print(str1.endswith("is")) # False
print(str1.endswith("Fun")) # False (case-sensitive)
True
True
False
False
Split()
in Python, the .split() method is used to break a string into a list of substrings based on a
separator (default is space " ").
text = "Python is very easy to learn"
result = text.split()
print(result)
['Python', 'is', 'very', 'easy', 'to', 'learn']
text = "apple,banana,grapes,mango"
result = text.split(",")
print(result)
['apple', 'banana', 'grapes', 'mango']
text = "one-two-three-four"
result = text.split("-")
print(result)
['one', 'two', 'three', 'four']
text = "I love Python programming"
result = text.split(" ", 2)
print(result)
['I', 'love', 'Python programming']
text = "I love Python programming language"
result = text.rsplit(" ", 2)
print(result)
['I love Python', 'programming', 'language']
Split by character
text = "Hello"
result = list(text) # OR text.split() won’t work for characters
print(result)
['H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']
text = "banana"
result = text.split("a")
print(result)
['b', 'n', 'n', '']
