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Assignment 2

The document provides a tutorial on file handling in bash scripting, covering reading and writing files, displaying contents, and manipulating files (copying, renaming, deleting). It includes examples of reading line-by-line, handling CSV files, and checking file existence and metadata. The document serves as a practical guide for performing basic file operations in a Linux environment.

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Shubham Kumar
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5 views4 pages

Assignment 2

The document provides a tutorial on file handling in bash scripting, covering reading and writing files, displaying contents, and manipulating files (copying, renaming, deleting). It includes examples of reading line-by-line, handling CSV files, and checking file existence and metadata. The document serves as a practical guide for performing basic file operations in a Linux environment.

Uploaded by

Shubham Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment 2

From terminal
1) Open any empty text file and write on it.
Reading file
2) Display its content. (at once)
3) Display its content line by line (using loop)

#!/bin/bash

# Read file line-by-line


while read line; do
echo "$line"
done < "input.txt"

4) head/tail - Read first or last N lines of a file. Useful for previewing file contents:
head -n 10 file.txt
tail -n 5 file.txt

5) Reading CSV file


# Read CSV file line-by-line
while IFS="," read -r col1 col2 col3; do
echo "$col1 | $col2 | $col3"
done < file.csv

Writing to files
1) cp - Copy files and directories
cp file.txt file_copy.txt
2) find - Search for files recursively matching given criteria. Helps locate files based on name,
size, permissions, etc:
find /home -name "*.txt"
3) To write to a file, use the >
#!/bin/bash

# Write output to file


echo "This is some text" > outfile.txt
4) This writes "This is some text" into outfile.txt, overwriting any existing content.
To append instead of overwrite, use >>
#!/bin/bash

# Append output to the end of file


echo "Appending this line" >> appendfile.txt

Renaming and Deleting Files


You can rename or delete files and directories from within scripts.
To rename a file:
#!/bin/bash

# Rename file
mv oldname.txt newname.txt

To delete:
#!/bin/bash

# Delete file
rm filename.txt

And to remove a directory and all its contents recursively:


#!/bin/bash
# Delete directory recursively
rm -r directoryname

File exit or not in the location

#!/bin/bash

filename="test_file.txt"
if [ -e/-d "$filename" ]; then
echo "$filename exists"
else
echo "$filename does not exist"
fi

The -f flag for the if condition checks if the file exists and is a regular file. Other test flags
include:
 -d - Directory exists
 -e - File exists (regular file or directory)
 -s - File exists and size is greater than 0

Getting File Metadata


You can get useful metadata about files like size, permissions, etc.
For example, get a file's size in bytes:
#!/bin/bash

# Get file size


filesize=$(stat -c%s "file.txt")
echo "Size: $filesize bytes"

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