GRAPH WITH TIME PERIOD

HOW TO DO
Introduction = paraphrase (name of the chart) + Overview: trend + greatest / smallest values /
greatest change
Grouping data: theo xu hướng / theo time period
FEATURES MUST BE INCLUDED
● Continued rise / fall
● Constant
● Fluctuation
● Extremes
● Peak
● Trough

SAMPLE 1
Para 1: Ame + Fran
Ame: 2000: (least attractive)1,5 - continuously rose to 5 in 2015 (most popular)
Fran: 3,5 (so 1) - fell to 2,5 (2005) - remain constant in the next 5 years before recovering
to ….

Para 2: Rus
2000: 3million, (2nd most popular) - decline to 1, 8 (2010) - increase to 2,5
LINE CHART 1

Para 1: Children & Educational

Children: 2nd sales (32 million) in 2002, continuously climbed to 56 million in 2006, becoming the
best sales kinds of books in 2006
Educational: Poorest (25 million) in 2002, fluctuated during the year 2003 to 2005 before
recovering to 32 million in 2006, becoming the 2nd

Para 2: Adult fiction

Best sales (45) in 2002, dropped to below 38 in 2003. Though slight change to 40, went down to 30
in the end
The presented line chart exemplifies the changes in transactions for three different kinds of books
from 2002 to 2006.

At first glance, the sales of children and educational books show an upward trend, while the
opposite is true for adult fiction books. Besides, the children's book records show the largest
changes over the period.

In 2002, transactions of children's books were second, with 32 million dollars. After that, it
showcased moderate growth to more than 40 million dollars in 2003, before reaching 45 million
dollars in 2005 and further improving to 56 million dollars at the end of the period, becoming the
most successful kind of book of all the above. Rather, educational volumes show the poorest in
2002, with 25 million dollars. It then fluctuated between the years 2003 and 2005 before
recovering to about 32 million in 2006.

On the other hand, the adult fiction book had the most sales at the start of the period, with nearly 45
million dollars. It then dropped to below 38 million in 2003. Though adult fiction publications had a
slight improvement to 40 million dollars in 2004, they continuously went down to 30 million
dollars at the end of the period.

LINE CHART 2: TYPES OF CRIMES

The line chart illustrates three types of imprisonment namely in England and Wales between 1970
and 2005.

LINE CHART 3: Patients Visiting a Clinic

The line graph compares the average visitation figures for patients in four categories who went to clinics
at a specific hospital weekly between 2010 and 2016. In general, it is noticeable that the number of
patients at the four clinics increased for all types of visits except for birth control which was unchanged
overall. The figure for eye issues became the most common over the period, overtaking birth control,
while visits for diabetic and dental reasons were lower throughout.

There were nearly 250 visits related to birth control in 2010, a figure which rose to a peak of 275 by
2012, before a sharp decline to 175 in 2014, and a complete recovery to its starting figure by the end of
the time surveyed. In contrast, visits to the doctor concerning eye issues started lower at 125, grew
negligibly over the next two years, prior to surging in the final four years to a high point, relative to all
visits, of 350.

Diabetic and dental visits were consistently less common, with the former beginning at 60, rising
steadily to plateau under 100, and finishing the period with a sharp uptick to 175. The latter began the
period higher at 100 visits, fell to half that number in 2012, more than recovered to 125 in 2014, and
grew marginally in the final two years recorded.
LINE CHART 4: FISH AND MEAT CONSUMPTION

LINE CHART 5
The line graph below shows the percentage of tourists to England who visited four different
attractions in Brighton. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features,
and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
 T
he graph illustrates the proportion of visitors to England who went to four different tourist
attractions in Brighton between 1980 and 2010.

Overall, it is clear that the percentage visiting the Pier and the Pavilion increased over the
period, while the proportion of visitors to the other attractions fell.

In 1980, only 10% of tourists to England went to Brighton Pier. Despite some minor
fluctuations, this figure rose from about 12% in 2000 to 22% in 2010. The percentage
visiting the Pavilion also increased, from 23% in 1980 to almost 50% in 1995. However,
this figure then declined, to 35% in 2000 and then to about 30% in 2010, slightly higher
than the Festival.

The most popular Brighton attraction in 1980 for visitors to England was the Festival.
Although 30% of these attended the Festival in 1980, by 2010 this percentage had fallen
slightly to 28%.In 1980, the figure for visitors to the Art Gallery was 21%. It rose to a peak
of 38%, but this then decreased dramatically to less than 10% in 2010. It was, therefore,
the least popular of the attractions at the end of the period.

191 words

LINE CHART 6
The graph shows the amount of money spent on books in Germany, France, Italy and
Austria between 1995 and 2005.

LINE CHART 8: Cinema attendance by age group

LINE CHART 9

The chart compares the average number of hours taken to produce a car by four companies
in the USA from 1998 to 2005. Overall, the amount of time spent on the production of a car
fell during the period. General Motors reduced the production time by more hours than the
other three manufacturers.

In 1985, General Motors took 32 hours to produce a vehicle, compared with 28 hours spent
by Ford. In contrast, Toyota and Honda were both able to manufacture a car in only 22
hours. While production times generally decreased in the following years, the figures
fluctuated. For example, in 2001, Ford spent almost 32 hours on the production of a car.
There was a slight reduction in the average production time per car for Toyota and Honda,
so that each company produced a car in 20 hours by 2005. The figures for the other
companies also saw a decrease by 2005. The time of manufacture fell steadily over the
period to 22 hours in the case of General Motors. However, in the case of Ford, the time
spent fluctuated considerably, falling to just below 22 hours in 2005.
191 words
LINE CHART 10

The line graph compares the changes in the birth rate among women in six age groups
between 1973 and 2008.

Overall, it is clear that the birth rates decreased among women under 20 and among
women aged between 20 and 29. The birth rates also fell among women over 40.

In 1973, the highest number of births – 140 per 1000 people in the population – was
recorded among women who were aged 25-29. This compared with figures of 125 and 60
for women aged 20-25 and women under 20, respectively. Among women over 40, the
birth rate was 20. There was a decline in the birth rate, despite occasional fluctuations, for
all these age groups over the 35-year period. For example, the 2008 figures indicate a birth
rate of 40 for the under 20 age group, and a steady fall to about 95 for the 20-25 year-olds.
In contrast, the birth rate for women aged 30-35 rose gradually from 75 in 1973 to 82 in
2008. There was also an increase in the birth rate among the 35-39 year-olds, rising from
40 in 1973 to reach a peak of 62 from 2000 to2008.

LINE CHART 11
The chart below shows the percentage of female members of parliament in 5 European
countries from 2000 to 2012

LINE CHART 12
The graph below shows the number of overseas visitors to three different areas of a
European country between 1987 and 2007.
LINE CHART 13 : Number of Jobs
The line chart shows trends in terms of employment in the USA in millions and predictions for
the future.
The line chart details the number of individuals working in manufacturing, services, and agriculture
over a 50-year period in the United States. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent
that agriculture has and will continue to decline greatly from being the most to least common
occupation, while the opposite is true for service jobs. The trend for manufacturing is less consistent
though it is anticipated to be roughly stable overall.

In 1975, the vast majority of workers (60 million) were farmers, a figure in stark contrast to those in
manufacturing (9 million) and agriculture (10 million). After a two-year period with little change for all
jobs, there was a steep decline in the number of agricultural workers to 42 million by 1979. In the same
year, the data for service workers began to rise consistently, with an expected peak of 90 million by
2025.

In comparison, workers in agriculture have fallen at varying rates and the final statistic is anticipated to
be just over 10 million by 2025. The number for manufacturing rose to 40 million in 1980, where the
figures for all categories converged, before a rapid decline that will continue to 2025 and end at 10
million.

LINE CHART 14: Australian Exports

The line chart shows exports in billions of dollars.
The line chart details exports from Australia to Japan, the United States, China, and India
from 1990 to 2012. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that total
exports to India and particularly China rose, while US and Japanese exports declined. By
the end of the period, Chinese exports had become most common, followed byJapanese,
American, and finally Indian ones.

The figure for Japan began the period significantly higher than other nations at over 26%
before a sharp decline over the next 5 years to around 20% and a more minimal downward
trend until 2012 to finish at nearly 17 billion. In marked contrast, China in 1990 only
received 3% in exports and this figure grew exponentially, especially after the year 2000
and reached a peak of 28% in 2012.

The data for the United States fluctuated around 10% until 2000, then dropped and
recovered slightly to conclude the time surveyed at 6%. Similarly, Indian exports stood at
around 1% for the first ten years detailed, actually overtook the United States with 7% in
2010, and then ended the period slightly lower than the USA.
LINE CHART 15: Oil Use

LINE CHART 16: Tourist Office

The chart shows requests for information at a tourist office in the United Kingdom from January to
June.
The line chart details the frequency of requests in person, by letter/email, and by telephone at a UK
tourist office in the first 6 months of a given year. Looking from an overall perspective, it is
readily apparent that in-person requests increased from the least to most common over the period,
overtaking telephone, which also rose. Information requests by email and letter declined and were
by far the least frequent by the end of the time surveyed.

In January, in-person information requests were the lowest of all 3 categories at approximately 420. In
contrast, written requests and telephone calls stood at 770 and 900 in turn. By mid-March, in-person
questions (1,000) had surpassed other queries, an upwards trend that persisted and culminated at
1,900 to finish the period.

In comparison, telephone requests fluctuated between 800 and 1,000 until the beginning of April
prior to growing sharply to end just behind in-person requests at 1,600. Letter and email requests
fell marginally until March (to 700), before a steep drop, and a levelling off at 400 from May to June.
BAR CHART 1: Household Work
The bar chart below shows the average duration of housework women did (unemployed, part-time
employed and full-time) when compared to men who had full-time work in the UK between 1985
and 2005.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

The bar chart details hours of housework completed in the UK from 1985 to 2005 by fully
employed males and females with various states of employment. Looking from an overall
perspective, it is readily apparent that time spent on housework rose for all groups with the
exception of unemployed women, which was stable overall. However, the latter category
undertook by far the most housework, while men with full-time jobs did comparatively little.

Unemployed women led throughout the period in terms of hours, at a peak of 7 hours in 1985
and 2005 and a slight dip to 6.5 hours in between. In contrast, men with full-time work were
unchanged at just 1 hour in 1985 and 1995, though there was a slight rise to 1.5 hours in 2005.

Women with part-time employment were slightly lower than their unemployed counterparts
throughout the period, beginning at 5.3 hours in 1985, before declining to 5 hours over the next 5
years, and then finishing the period with a surge to 6 hours. The figures for women with full-time
employment resembled those of men, though they were marginally higher at 2, 1.5, and 2.8 hours in
1985, 1995, and 2005, respectively.

BAR CHART 2: Social Media Presence for Businesses

The bar chart illustrates the percentage of businesses in the UK who had a social media presence
from 2012 to 2016.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.
BAR CHART 3
BAR CHART 4: Cam 18 Households Annual Income

The bar chart details the total number of households in the United States categorized by average
annual income from the year 2007 to 2015. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily
apparent that there were rising trends for all income brackets with the exception of those earning
in the middle, which was stable. The greatest increase and the highest proportion by the end
belonged to those earning the most.

In 2007, those with annual compensations under $25,000 numbered just over 25 million, a figure
considerably higher than $50,000-$74,999 (21 million) and $75,000-99,999 (14 million) but
beneath those earning $25,000-$49,999 (27 million) and over $100,000 (29 million). Four years
later, there was a decline for the wealthiest homes to 26 million, the next wealthiest to 14 million
and noticeable rises of around 3 million for the lower income brackets. Only the middle-income
group was unchanged throughout the surveyed time period.

By 2015, the number of very wealthy households had surged to 33 million while the two lowest
earning demographics fell slightly by about a million each to finish around 26 million. There was a
moderate rise for the second highest earning households to end the period at precisely 15 million in
total.

BAR CHART 5: Museums

The bar chart shows the number of visitors to four London museums.

The bar chart compares attendance figures for museums in London over a period from June to
December. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that only the British
Museum grew in popularity, while the others saw steep or moderate declines. In terms of
overall figures, the British
Museum was highest and the National Museum lowest throughout.
In June, the History Museum (410,000), the British Museum (420,000) and the Science Museum
(430,000) had similar figures with the National Museum the outlier at just 210,000 visitors.
Through July, numbers for all museums declined gradually, with the exception of the British
Museum which was stable. August saw a shift in the pattern as the History and British Museum
soared to 600,000 and 710,000, respectively. The Science Museum was unchanged but National
Museum admissions doubled to 380,000.
By September, figures had fallen back to 390,000 and 590,000 for the History and British
Museum, in turn, while the Science Museum rose to 500,000 visitors and the National Museum
dipped to 200,000. At the end of the period, the History Museum continued to fall (270,000)
along with the British Museum (470,000), National Museum (190,000), and the Science
Museum (300,000).

BAR CHART 6

The bar chart details when women in Australia had their first child from 1966 to 2006. Looking from an
overall perspective, it is readily apparent that women in the past tended to have their first child earlier
in life, especially very young women. Having a child in one’s 30s became much more common, though
after one’s 30s it remained relatively rare.

In 1966, 33% of women had their first child under the age of 19. This figure dropped precipitously to
reach 11% by 2006. The data for women 19-24 underwent a similar drop, falling from 62% to 50% and
finally 28%.

In contrast, 36% of women were 19-24 years old when they first gave birth in 1966 and this number
then rose to 50% in 1986 before dropping back to just above the original figure to end the period. The
largest rise occurred in the 30-34 age range which more than quadrupled (11% to 18% to 45%). This
paralleled the growth for ages 34-39, nearly doubling every 20 years from 9% to 17% and lastly 30%.
Finally, there was little change for women over 40 despite marginal growth from 3% to 5%.

BAR CHART KHÓ

The chart below gives information about levels of education by age range in the UK in 2010.

The chart details age demographics as they relate to levels of education in the UK in 2010.
Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that older people, particularly in the
oldest age bracket, tended to have no or fewer qualifications.
Looking first of all at younger people, precisely 27% of individuals from ages 16-50 had no
qualifications. Breaking that down further, 20% of the 16-24 and 35-50 groups had school
certification and 71% had unviersity degrees. For ages 24-35, the numbers are slightly
different with 76% having graduated university and 15% with a school certification.

Turning to the older demographics, for those aged 50-75, 50% had a university degree, 20% a
school certificate and 30% no qualification. This figure expanded to 72% for people over 75,
with just 3% having earned a school certificate and 25% a university degree.

PIE CHART 1
PIE CHART 2

PIE CHART 3

The two pie charts below show the online shopping sales for retail sectors in Canada in
2005 and 2010.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.
PIE CHART 4

TABLE 1: Vehicles in Australia

The table gives information about films released independently according to genre in the UK and the
Republic of Ireland in a single year, 2012. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that
the vast majority of money was generated by comedy followed closely by horror, then more distantly
biopic, and drama, while other genres earned far less. This contrasts with the total number of films in
some areas as dramas, documentaries and comedies were most common.

Looking at the genres with the greatest disparity first of all, there were 70 documentaries and dramas
released though their box office numbers accounted for just 2.9% and 8.3% of sales, respectively. A
divergent trend can be seen for comedies and horror in particular with the former constituting 17.6% of
all releases and 45.4% of sales and the latter at 9.5% and 20.2%

Differences in the remaining genres were more marginal as biopics were .7% of all releases and 9.1% of
revenue. The totals for crime were proportionate at 4.7% each, action made up 2.7% of all releases and a
slightly higher 4.1% of sales. Finally, thrillers were 8.8% of releases and just 1.3% of sales, romance
stood at 3.4% and .8%, with other representing 5.4% of films and 3.2% of tickets sales tabulated.
GRAPH WITHOUT TIME PERIOD

TWO COLUMN BARS

BAR 1

Overview: greatest valué, smallest value, greatest difference (2 coot)

Body
Para 1: A > = b (marketing, accounting, finance)
Finance, accounting, marketing

Para 2: a< b (econ, engi, math)

Math, econ, engi
→ compare
The bar chart illustrates the number of male and female students selecting six major
subjects in a US college in the year 2010

It is clear that Finance was the most attractive area of qualification among both sexes in the
year 2010, while the opposite was true for Engineering. In addition, the biggest difference
was in the number of males and females enrolling in Mathematics.

As can be seen from the chart, a finance course had an eq\ual number of males and females
with approximately 230 students. The numbers of males and females who studied
Accounting were relatively smaller, with 170 and 200 students respectively. Similarly, the
number of female students choosing Marketing as their major (about 120 students) was
also higher than that of male ones (about 80 students).

Looking at the chart in more detail, the second most popular subject among males was
Mathematics with 200 students, whereas the number of females choosing this subject was
significantly lower with just nearly 60 students. In addition, the figure for male economics
students was 150, almost twice as much as female economics students.

BAR 2
The bar chart illustrates the proportion of males and females participating in the most
popular sports in Britain in the year 2008.

It is clear that Soccer was the most attractive sport for males, while the majority of males
preferred Netball in 2008. Also, there was a biggest difference between the proportion of
males and females playing netball.

As can be seen from the chart, approximately 25% of men play football, compared with
only 5% that of females. Also, the percentage of males participating in cricket, at nearly
10%, was significantly higher than that of females, at only 2%. The figure for table tennis
was slightly lower with about 8% of male participants. Other sports, however, were the
second most popular choice among men with 20%, almost twice as much as that of female
members.

Of the other activities, the vast majority of Netball players were female, accounting for
25%, whereas this figure for males made up insignificant 2%. Similarly, significantly more
females chose to go swimming than males, accounting for 23% and 14% respectively. The
figures for tennis and basketball were relatively similar, at around 6% of both sexes.
Jogging, however, was the least preferred sport among both genders, at roundly 3%.
BAR 3

BAR 4
BAR 5

BAR 6
BAR 7

The bar chart below shows estimated world illiteracy rates by region and by gender for
the last year. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,
and make comparisons where relevant.

The bar chart shows the proportions of illiterate people, categorized by gender, across six
global regions of the year 2000.

Overall, women had higher illiteracy rates compared to men across all regions and the
illiteracy rates for men specifically varied depending on the region.

Firstly, in developed countries, around 1% of men and 2% of women were unable to read
or write. However, in Latin America and the Caribbean 10% of men and 11% of women
came under the category of illiterates. East Asia and Oceania experienced a significant
difference, with 20% of women compared to 8% of men lacking literacy skills.
The illiteracy rates peaked in Sub-Saharan Africa, with 48% of women and 30% of men.
Similarly in Arab states, the percentage was around 53% for women and 28% for men.
More than half of women and certain men in these regions never received formal
education. However, South Asia emerged as the region with the highest illiteracy statistics
for both genders, with 55% of females and 34% of males.

PIE 1: JAPAN VS MALAY

The pie charts below show the average household expenditures in Japan and Malaysia in the year
2010.

The charts compare the average household spending in Japan and Malaysia in terms of five
important categories in 2010. Overall, it is clear that householders in both countries spent
the largest proportion of their income on just three categories – housing, food and other
goods and services. The percentage figures for spending on transport and healthcare in
Japan were double those for Malaysia.
In Malaysian households, the highest category was housing, which represented 34% of
the total expenditure. Whereas this was higher than in Japan, with just 21% spent on
housing, Japanese householders spent the highest proportion on a range of other goods and
services, at 29%. This was slightly more than in Malaysia. In terms of food, the figures for
both countries were similar, at 27% and 24% for Malaysia and Japan respectively.

Expenditure on health care was the lowest category. In Japan, this accounted for 6% of the
total, while 20% of household spending went on transport. These figures were exactly
double those shown for Malaysia.

PIE 2: The World’s Forests

The pie charts give information about the world’s forest in five different regions.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant
The pie charts detail information about the world’s forests and timber according to
continent. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that most of the
world’s forests are in Africa and North America, followed by Europe, South America, and
lastly Asia. In contrast, Africa possesses the least timber while North America has the most.

Looking first of all at North America and Africa, the former continent represents 25% of the
world’s forest and the latter 27%. In terms of timber, the figure is slightly higher for North
America (30%) and drastically lower for Africa (9%).

Forest and timber ratios are more even in the other regions. European nations contain 18%
of the world’s forests and 20% of its timber. South America is marginally lower at 16% for
forests and moderately higher at 23% for timber. Finally, Asian forests constitute 14% of
the global total and 18% of all timber.
PIE 3: UK Immigration and Emigration

The pie charts detail the rationales for immigration to and emigration from the UK in 2007.
Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that immigration was mainly related to
various kinds of work, study, and accompanying someone, with no reasons stated and other less
typical. Emigration was similarly focused on work (non-definite work being more prevalent) but
formal study was a less likely reason and less defined reasons were more common.
In terms of study and work, 30% of immigrants came to the UK for definite jobs, just 1% above the
number emigrating for the same purpose. The disparity regarding looking for work was greater
(12% for immigration and 22% for emigration) and even more significant concerning formal study
(26% immigrating and just 4% emigrating for school).

There was relative alignment for other reasons with 11% immigrating with another purpose and 14%
emigrating, comparable to the figures for accompanying another person (15% and 13%,
respectively). Finally, only 6% of individuals immigrate to the United Kingdom without a reason, while
three times this figure emigrate lacking a stated purpose.

PIE 4

PIE 5: CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 - TEST 1

Percentage of water used for different purposes in six areas of the world.
The charts represent the proportion of water consumption for industry, agriculture, and
households in six regions of the world. Overall, developed areas, namely North America
and Europe, use the most water for industry while developing ones including South
America, Africa, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia, use most of their water for agriculture.
Another interesting point is that in all areas mentioned, domestic water use occupies the
smallest portion.

As can be seen from the chart, both Europe and North America utilize more than half of
their water for industry, 53% and 48% respectively. Meanwhile, in the other four areas,
industrial water use accounts for equal or less than 12%. Both Europe and North America
record a higher percentage of domestic water use - 15% and 13%- than the rest, except for
South America which uses nearly a fifth of its water resources for households. Africa,
Central Asia, and Southeast Asia report less than 10% for domestic use.

Regarding agricultural water use, the highest water consumption can be observed in
Central Asia (88%), and Africa ranks the second with 84%. A similar pattern can be also
seen in Southeast Asia and South America, with 81% and 71% respectively. In contrast,
only 39% and 32% of water are used for the farming sector in North America and Europe.
THREE COLUMN BARS

BAR 1

- ĐỘ LỚN:
+ APT: most popular in Liver
+ Semi detqch: London + Man
+ Terraced: least popular - 3 cities
Chia:
Para 1: apartment + semi detach : 3 thanh pho
Para 2: detach - terraced: 3 thah pho

Cach 2:
Para 1: Liverpool + london
para : Man
 +

BAR 2
The bar chart illustrates the consumer spending on five main items in four different countries in
2009. It is clear that the largest proportion of consumer spending in all countries, except for Japan,
went on housing. On the other hand, the health care and clothing categories provided the lowest
figures in 2009.

As can be seen from the chart, the US expenditure on housing was highest, at about 26%, and
Healthcare, at nearly 7%, and the same was true for Japan’s spending on Food with nearly 23%.
Likewise, the proportion of spending on transportation was significantly higher in Canada, at about
20%, than in any of the other countries.

Out of the four nations, Canada had the lowest percentage of consumer expenditure on housing, at
nearly 14%, whereas the Japanese spent the lowest amount of money on transportation, at around
10%. However, the US and UK had slightly higher figures for these categories, but the lowest figure
for food, at nearly 14%. Additionally, the figures for clothing in all nations were relatively similar,
hovering at 5%.
TABLE

TABLE 1

HANG DOC

LON NHAT NHO NHAT

FAST FOOD CHINA 28,91 VN 15,77

SHOES/ WATCHES CHINA 16,23 VN 5,4

LEISURE / EDU VN 3,22 JAPAN 1,98

HANG NGANG

LON NHAT NHO NHAT

CHINA FAST FOOD LEISURE

THAI
 JAPAN

VN

→ OVERVIEW: FAST FOOD NHIEU NHAT - LEISURE ACTIVITIES

CHINA :
TABLE 2

The table illustrates percentages of companies advertising spending on four various media fields in
three different nations in 2005.

It is clear that while the largest proportion of advertising spending in each country went on
Television. On the other hand, the Internet category has the lowest percentages in the table.

Among the three countries, it can be noted that the expenditure for the TV advertisements was
highest in Japan, at 61%, almost doubling that in Australia, at only 31%. Compared to this category,
the proportion of spending on the Newspaper adverts was noticeably lower in all countries with
Vietnam having the most significant percentage, at 29%, and the lowest rate in Japan, at 16%.

Out of the less popular media, Vietnam and Australia had the similar proportions of Radio
advertising expenditure, at 21%, while this figure for Japan was considerably lower, at 14%. In
contrast, the figures for the Internet were significantly lower than any other methods of advertising
in each country, at around 4%.
TABLE 3
TABLE 4
TABLE 5

The table illustrates the proportions of people across different age categories who rode bicycles in
one particular town in 2012. Overall, the table clearly shows that a higher proportion of females
cycled in the given period compared to males across all ages, although only marginally for the
youngest group. This group (0-9 yrs.) also had the largest proportion of cyclists, and age was a clear
predictor for decreased cycling activity for both males and females, with the exception of the oldest
age group (60+), which bucked this trend.
Turning to the figures, just over half of all young girls and boys aged 0-9 years rode bikes in the
town, with 52.5% and 51.2% respectively, amounting to the smallest gender gap of any age group.
In contrast, 43.6% of 10-19 year old girls chose to ride bikes, while only 25.1% of boys did the
same. This pattern continued with the 20-39 age group, with 18.2% of young women cycling
compared to 10.8% of young men. The gender differences were less significant in middle aged
cyclists (40-59), with 13.7% (female) and 9.3% (male). Finally, the over 60s reversed this trend
with more cyclists than the previous two age groups, with 19.8% and 14.6% respectively for
females and males.

TABLE 6
TABLE 7: High School/Secondary School Teacher Salaries

TABLE 8

TABLE 8: Department Stores and Online Stores in Australia

The table gives information about department and online stores in Australia in 2011.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.
 Department Stores Online Stores

Number of Businesses 67 368

Profit (AUD) 807 863

Sales Revenue (AUD) 12,700 13,400

Growth .4% .6%

MULTI CHARTS

Cambridge 15: Anthropology Graduates

The pie chart details the initial occupations of Anthropology students after graduation and the
table records their salaries following 5 years of work in various sectors. Overall, most
graduates took full-time positions, followed by part-time jobs, unemployment, graduate study
or unknown, and finally part-time work together with graduate study. The average salaries
tended to be much higher for freelance consultants than those working in the government and
private companies, though there were many federal workers in the highest salary bracket.

A total of 52% of graduates were employed full-time, compared to 15% for part-time, 12%
unemployed, 8% categorised as unknown, 8% pursuing full-time further education, and finally
5% combining part-time work and higher education study.

Turning to the table, freelance consultants were overwhelmingly employed in the upper pay
scales at 40% in both $75,000 – $99,999 and $100,000+, with just 20% making between
$25,000 and $74,999. Government employees displayed a broadly similar pattern with
identical figures at the two lowest pay bands, 30% in the $75,000 to $99,999 range, and 50%
earning over a hundred thousand dollars a year. Private industry salaries diverged generally
with 10% in the lowest income range, a striking 35% earning $50,000 to $74,999, while 25%
and 30% of graduates made $75,000 – $99,999 and $100,000+, respectively.

Combined Pie Chart and Table

The table and pie chart illustrate populations in Australia according to different nationalities and
areas. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make
comparisons where relevant.
Coffee Production Bar Chart

The bar chart details coffee production in four countries from 1990 to 2010. Looking from an overall
perspective, it is readily apparent that production rose in all countries except for Colombia. Brazil
produced by far the most coffee throughout the period with the other three countries finishing with
comparable totals.
In 1990, Brazil narrowly produced the most coffee at 0.9 million tonnes. This figure increased steadily
and reached 1.9 million tons by 2010, more than four times higher than the next largest producer. In
contrast, production in Colombia began the period at 0.6 million tonnes and fell consistently throughout
the period to be even with Vietnam for the lowest total of just over .3 million tonnes by 2010.
Vietnam increased from the smallest exporter at .1 million tonnes in 1990 and 1995 to equal Colombia
20 years later. The final nation, Indonesia, underwent a steady climb from .2 million tonnes to double
this figure (.4 million) to end the time surveyed.

Employment for
Men and Women
MULTI CHART 5
MULTI CHART 6
MULTI CHART 7
MULTI CHART 8

PROCESS
Orange Juice
Carbonated Drinks

Smoked Fish Process

The diagram details the process of making smoked fish.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.

The process details the steps by which smoked fish is produced. Looking from an overall perspective, it
is readily apparent that smoking fish can be divided into 3 main stages beginning with catching and
transportation, followed by storage and processing, and finally further storage and transportation to fish
shops for retail.

The process commences when fish are caught in nets and then transported by boat to a port. From this
point, they are frozen and then later undergo a thawing process in freshwater. The next stage is to slice
open the fish and put them in a salt water solution that also contains some amount of yellow coloring.
Following this, the actual smoking takes place.

After smoking, the fish are packaged in boxes and frozen at zero degrees centigrade in larger containers.
They are finally grouped into cold storage bins and distributed by truck to shops to sell to consumers.

Leather Process:
The diagram details the process of making leather products.
ELECTRICITY

MAPS
IELTS Essay: Map of the Town of Lynnfield
The maps below shows the town of Lynnfield in 1936 and then later in 2007.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.
Map West Park Secondary School

Building with 3 Maps

The plans below show how the ground floor of a particular building has changed over time.
The floorplan shows how a building has changed from 1958 to the present day. Looking from an overall
perspective, it is readily apparent that the building has served both commercial and residential
purposes with the only area remaining unchanged being the kitchen. At present, the flower shop has a
more open layout relative to when it was an apartment and office.

In 1958, the building was used as an office with a meeting room in the top left corner of the floorplan, an
assistant’s and secretary’s office below there and a toilet in the bottom left corner. In 1985, the meeting
room was extended and turned into a living room and a large bathroom and shower took the place of the
offices and toilet. The florist shop contained a gift card room in the top left, above a large open space for
flowers and a play area in the bottom left corner.

On the right side, the kitchen in the top corner was unaltered across all iterations of the ground floor. In
comparison, there was a manager’s office on the right hand side and a reception area in the bottom
corner. These spaces were allocated for bedrooms in the apartment and are now an office and additional
space for flowers.
MAP 4

ĐỀ KHOAI

Volcanic Island Chain in Hawaii

The presented diagram details an island chain in Hawaii located in the Pacific Ocean. Looking
from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that volcanic formation begins deep under
the Earth’s mantle and is visibly the result of multiple eruptions over the years.

Considering first of all the deepest layer buried in solid dense rock (2883 km down), there are
vast repositories of magma in a central ‘hot spot’ where spume remains static. The magma
spume then rises in a narrow channel and the shifting (7-9cm a year) Pacific tectonic plate to
reach the surface and create the least mature volcanoes through multiple eruptions.

The diagram also contains information about Hawaii more specifically including that the oldest
volcano was formed 80,000,000 years ago and the major islands include Niihau, Kauai, Oahu,
Molokai, Lanai, Hahoolawa, Maui, and, the largest, Hawaii.

Bridges
 IELTS
Essay: Bridges

The diagram details 3 different constructions for bridges. Looking from an overall perspective, it is
readily apparent that concrete girder bridges are potentially the longest and tallest, while suspension
bridges allow for the largest ships to pass underneath. Arch bridges are not as tall or long and admit
only the smallest ships.
Looking first of all at arch bridges, the permissible height is no more than 100 meters and the length is
typically under 200m. These bridges are built over lakes, have a conical shape, and cover the smallest
ships.
In contrast, concrete girder bridges can be an indeterminate length, though the maximum height is
300m. Concrete bridges are built over rivers and require a series of piers spaced under 200m apart to
provide support, only allowing for the passage of medium-sized ships.
The modern suspension bridge can be between 400 and 2000m long and it is possible to build it over
very deep seas as long as there is shallow land for pier structures to link at either end. The distance
between piers enables the largest ships to traverse below safely.

Horse Diagram

The diagram delineates the development of prehistoric and modern horses with special
emphasis on the formation of the feet. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily
apparent that as horses became larger in size, their feet elongated and broadened until they
fused to become a distinctive hoof.
The prehistoric horse from 40 million years ago was termed an Eohippus and is distinguishable
by its smaller body and paw containing 4 thin phalanges. The next stage of evolution (30
million years ago) resulted in the Mesohippis, which had a larger body more similar to today’s
horse and three distinct digits, the middle one being bulkier and slightly longer.
By 15 million years ago, the Merychippus had emerged, recognizable by a still larger body and
the increased size of the middle digit. This leads directly to the modern day horse which is the
largest in size, has a full mane, and the separate digits had by this time merged into a single
hoof capable of supporting a larger frame.

Landfill for Household Waste

The process details designs of a modern landfill for household waste.

The process details a modern landfill designed for the storage of household waste. Looking
from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that it is a largely man-made process taking
place in the natural environment that involves drainage and disposal of various liquids and
gases as well as basic storage of the waste itself.
The landfill is a rectangular hole cut into a large piece of natural rock. To finish the
construction, there are synthetic pipes and a clay layer placed against the rock as well as
drainage pipes and a drainage tank at the bottom of the landfill.
When in use, the household waste is stored in the main compartment and liquid waste is held
in the tank. The landfill is then closed and paved over with a single clay layer with the synthetic
pipes still in place that can transport gases in or out of the storage area.

Temperature & Sunshine

The charts below give information about the typical temperatures in London, New York, and
Sydney as well as total hours of sunshine for each city.

The line chart and table detail both average annual temperatures and total hours of sunshine in a given
year in London, New York, and Sydney. Overall, London and New York display broadly similar four-
season climates, though the extremes are more pronounced in New York while Sydney has a reverse
weather pattern with milder overall temperatures. In terms of overall sunshine, New York leads,
followed closely by Sydney and distantly by London.
Looking first of all at London and New York, both undergo serious drops in temperature beginning in
November as the former falls to just over 10 degrees Celsius, intersecting the latter at the same point.
From there, temperatures in New York plummet throughout the winter with a low of under 5°C in
January and February, while London bottoms out at around 9 degrees. Both rise steadily in the spring
and peak in summer at around 23°C for London and nearly 30°C for New York. In contrast, Sydney is
warmest from December to February (plateauing at over 25 degrees) and cools steadily to under 15
degrees from June to October.

Overall sunshine shows a different pattern with New York (2,535 hours) and Sydney (2,473) proximate
and London much lower at 1,180.

STONE CUTTING TOOLS

The diagram below shows the development of cutting tools in the Stone Age.

The illustration details the evolution of stone cutting tools used by prehistoric men in the Stone
Age.
As is evident from the diagram, the key difference between the cutting tools in the two periods is
the size, with the latter version becoming noticeably larger. Tool B also appears more refined than
tool A in terms of shape and sharpness.
1.4 million years ago, the cutting tool was thin, measured 7-8 centimeters in length, and did not
display much craftsmanship. They were also rather uneven in appearance: the front and the back
were shaped differently, and the surface appears to have been quite rough.
600,000 years later, it is obvious that the cutting tools used by man in the Stone Age had become
significantly more advanced. First of all, they were larger, measuring 10-11 centimeters in length,
and had a more definite tear-drop shape: fat at the base and tapering aggressively toward a sharp
tip whereas the prior versions tended to be obtuse. Second, both front and back sides were ground
more evenly and smoothly. It would also seem that man had learnt to sharpen the sides of their
cutting tools as well.