DESIGN PLANNING &ANLYSIS OF

RESTAURANT BUILDING

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

VELAIYAN.M 420414103097

KARUPPASAMY PANDIYAN.P 420414103039

DHARANIDHARAN.R 420414103015

SAKTHIVEL.S 420414103380

Submittted in partial fulfillment of the award of the degree

Of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

IN

CIVIL ENGINEERING

ADHIPARASAKTHI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

MELMARUVATHUR – 600 319

OCTOBER 2018
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report “DESIGN PLANNING & ANALYSIS OF
RESTAURANT BUILDING” is the bonafide work of “VELAIYAN.M,
(420415103039), KARUPPA SAMY PANDIYAN.P (420415103097),
DHARANIDARAN.R (420415103015), SAKTHIVEL.S (420415103080)who
carried out the project work under my supervision in partial fulfillment of the
required for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Civil
Engineering of Anna University during the academic year 2018-2019.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Dr .A.KRISHNAMOORTHI Mr. P.PARI

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

Department of civil Engineering, Department of civil Engineering,

Adhiparasakthi Engineering college, Adhiparasakthi Engineering college

Melmaruvathur. Melmaruvathur.

This is to certify that the candidates were examined by us in the design project
viva voce examination held on __________________________

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

2
 ACKNOWLEGEMENT

We express our thanks to the Management and Correspondent for

providingall the necessary facilities and the support required for carrying out the
project successfully.

We express our thanks to Principal Dr.V.Ramasamy, Adhiparasakthi

Engineering College, for giving the dynamic boost to the quality of project work
undertaken.

We are obliged Dr .A .KRISHNAMOORTHI ph.D our Head of the

department for his support to complete our project in a successful way.

We deem it as honour to take this opportunity to express our sincere thanks

and gratitude to our guide Mr. P.PARI, Associate Professor in Civil Engineering
for his through guidance and useful suggestion, inspiration, valuable advices and
also encouragement offered during the course of the project.

We express our gratitude to all the Teaching Staff of the department of civil
engineering who had taught us all the concepts and methodologies which helped
to widen our technical frontiers.

We also express our thanks to the Non-Teaching Staff of our department

who always showed a keen interest at all stages of our project work and providing
us the required help.

We express gratefully acknowledge the help rendered by our college

librarian and his staff by providing us with all the necessary books and references

3
 TABLES OF CONTENT

CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i

ABSTRACT ii

LIST OF FIGURES iii

LIST OF TABLES iv

LIST OF SYMBOLS v

1. INTRODUCTION 3

2. PLANNING 5

2.1 PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING A BUILDING 5

2.1.1 The principle of building 6

2.1.2 Orientation of building 6

2.1.3 Requirement and general aspect 6

2.1.4 Water supply facilities 7

2.1.5 Drainage arrangement 7

2.1.6 Specification 7

3. ANALYSIS 13

4. LOAD CALCULATION 18

5. STRUCTURAL DESIGN 22

5.1 Design of slab 23

4
 5.2 Design of beam 33

5.3 Design of column 54

5.4 Design of footing 68

5.5 Design of staircase 74

6. CONCLUSION 78

7. REFERENCE 79

5
 ABSTRACT

“A good engineer is a person who makes the design that works with as few

original ideas as possible’’

This project deals with the Planning, Analysis and Design of a single storied

restaurant with Reinforcement Concrete framed structure Compared by the

Manual Design & STAAD-Pro Design.

In this project a typical plan for the commercial building is suggested .

Multi Storey frame analysis and design has been carried out. The kitrchen room,

common dining hall at ground floor, meeting hall, network room, meeting room

and other amenities are provided in first floor based on the guidelines given by

National Building Code 2005.

The Multi-storey frame analysis and design by using STAADD-Pro. The

design of slabs, beams, column, footings, staircase are doing by the Limit State

Method using code book IS456-2000 and SP16-1978.

Necessary drawings shown in the Plan , Layout of Beams and Slabs

,Column Location and Footing arrangement are prepared by using AUTO CAD

Reinforecemnt details of all the structural components are prepared and presented.

1
 LIST OF SYMBOLS

Ast = Area of tension steel

Asc = Area of compression steel

Xumax = Balanced Neutral axis

αx = Bending moment co-efficient in shorter span direction of

slab

αx = Bending moment co-efficient in longer span direction of slab

ln = Clear span

fsc = Compressive stress in steel

fck = Compressive strength of concrete

fy = Characteristics strength of steel

Df = Depth of flange

Ø = Diameter of bar

lex = Effective length in shorter span direction of slab

ley = Effective length in longer span direction of slab

le = Effective length of beam or column

d = Effective depth

d’ =Effective cover

Mux = Factored moment along shorter span direction

Muy = Factored moment along longer span direction

2
 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

GENERAL

The main objective of our project is to know the various design aspect
like,Planning, design etc.

We have planned to design restaurant building consisting of floors

(G+1) planning is done requirements and regulation given by NBS bye laws.

If our restaurant building is located in ulundurpet there will be good

development in surrounding area. The restaurant building will be more useful
for many peoples and public those who cannot buy food by their own cost.
Reastaurant consists of a numbers of vendors at food stall or service courters.
Food court may be found in shopping malls and parks .The food may also be
ordered as take out for consumption at another location for home , work place
.

1.1 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATION:.

 Elevation should be simple and attractive. Too porches may give

good elevation for some time but ultimately simple design fit for generations.
 The number of doors and windows should be minimum. Provisions
for built-in furniture at proper places are useful from point of view of utility.

The plan and details of R.C.C members are drawn using CAD packages.
Following are steps involved in the building construction

 Foundation concrete P.C.C. 1:4:8, 150-200mm thickness

3
  The size of footing depends upon the safe bearing capacity of site
soil. Greater the bearing capacity, the soil will be good and we adopt smaller size
of footing.
 Basement thickness of 450-600mm height.
 Super structure made up of brick work with cement mortar 1:5 or 1:6.
 Roof slab generally 75-150mm with R.C.C M20-1:1.5:3
 Parapets of 230mm thick, 600mm height, cement mortar 1:5.
 Earth filling in basement 300 0r 400mm thick.
 Flooring concrete, cement concrete 1:4:8, 130m thick.
 Floor finishing 20mm thick.
 Minimum height of floor 3m for bathroom and w.c, also 3m for room
 Maximum height of floor shall not be more than 125 times the
minimum height.
 Sunshade R.C.C M20-1:1.5:3, 600mm projection, 100mm thickness
 Lintel R.C.C M20-1:1.5:3, 150mm thick
 Damp proof coarse in cement mortar 1:3, 20mm thick.
 Plastering with smooth cement mortar 1:4 externally and 1:6
internally for 12.5mm thick. The materials used for the design of M 20 concrete and
Fe415 steel. The live load is taken as 3kN/m2.
 The safe bearing capacity of the soil is taken as 150kN/m2.
 The clear cover to main reinforcement is taken as,
For footing -50mm
For columns-40mm
 The concrete mix is taken as,
For footing -M20(1:1.5:3)
For columns-M20(1:1.5:3)
For beams -M20(1:1.5:3

4
 CHAPTER-2

2. PLANNING

FLOOR PLANNING

The plan area of restaurant building 374.6 sq.m. The shape of the plan
is rectangle. It is selected with a view of providing a good aesthetic view as well
as to provide a good functional planning. Toilet facilities are provided separately.
Staircase is provided with enough safe. The floor height of the building is 3m. The
height of the parapet wall will be 1m high.

2.1 PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING A BUILDING

Planning of building pre-supposes certain principles. Most our

buildings are constructed as dwelling and as such the principles providing
guidance in the planning of such building have been given here. The basic
principles have been enunciated on board lines only and may be applied to the
problem on its individual merits. These principles are not as rigid as laws of nature
in them are to meet either by the competence of architect. Before principles of
building planning are detail knowledge of terms “structure” is essential.

2.1.2 ORIENTATION OF THE BUILDING:

The construction of the building with respect to geographical

direction, the direction of the wind, the altitude and azimuth of sun are known as
orientation of building. It is placed in such a way that it attains maximum benefits
from the nature and at the same time it satisfies architectural of housing.

5
2.1.3 REQUIRMENTS AND GENERAL ASPECTS:

Main entrance of flats has been provided facing west direction. Car
parking area has been provided in front of ground floor. A two stair case with two
flights in each floor is proposed.

2.1.4 WATER SUPPLY ARRANGEMENTS:

The quantity of water is calculated for maximum capacity. The water

is supplied for all the requirements from water tank under pressure. The water
from corporation line is stored in below ground level.

2.1.5 DRAINAGE:

Giving suitable slope in terrace and providing down pipes at suitable

intervals which usually affect the drainage of the roof. The down fall pipe is
properly concealed within the vertical shaft at the rear side and the drained water
is lent into the corporation drainage line is closed conduits.

2.1.6 SPECIFICATION:

Cleaning the site:

The proposed area is to be cleaned of all loose stones, plants, rubbish

material of all kinds as well as roots of trees etc.,

Earthquakes excavation:

After cleaning the site, center lines and foundation lines are marked.
Then the earth is excavated up to a required depth. The safe bearing capacity of
soil is 150 KN/m2.

6
 Foundation:

Foundation for the entire column will be taken. When hard gravel soil
of soft rocks is seen in ground foundation is stopped.

Concrete beds consist of C.C of 1:4:8.

Column footing:

Cement concrete mix in footing is provided with M20 concrete and

Fe415 steel.

Basement filling:

The basement will be filled with excavated soil and river sand.

Flooring:

Flooring will be cement C.C of 1:4:8 mix and plastering with CM 1:4

Super structure:

All walls in super structure will be of first class bricks in CM 1:5.

The height of roof is 3.3m from floor level. All load bearing walls are 230mm
thick. Partition walls are 115mm thick.

Sunshade:

The sunshades are combined with lintel both from the edges of the
wall. The reinforcement is provided as per design.

7
 Beams:

Beams are designed as per IS 456-2000 using M20 concrete and Fe415
steel for reinforcement.

Roofing:

The roofing slab for slab for all rooms and passage is R.C.C M20 mix.
It will be provided with necessary reinforcement as per design.

Plastering:

The interior and exterior face of wall will be plastered with CM 1:5
and rendered smooth.

White washing and color washing:

Exterior face walls are color washed with two coats over one cost of
white wash. The interior face of white walls will have one coat of white wash and
two coats of emulsion paint.

Septic tank:

To provide a satisfactory disposal of sewage received from building,

septic tank is provided as per IS specification

WATER SUPPLY ARRANGEMENTS:

In our building the water connection is taken from the main pipe line
connecting all the interior connection for every room and water deserts.

AREA OF BUILDING

Area = 374.69 sq. m

8
SIZE OF DOORS & WINDOWS

M.D Main Door = 1.8 x 2.1m

D Door = 0.9 x 2.1m

W1 Window = 2 x 1.2m

V Ventilation = 1.3 x 0.6m

COLUMN:

Size of column = 230mm x 300mm

BEAM:

Size of beam = 230mm x 300mm

STEPS:

Raise = 150mm

Tread = 300mm

9
GROUND FLOOR PLAN

10
FIRST FLOOR PLAN

11
COLUM ORIENTATION:

12
 CHAPTER-3

ANALYSIS

GENERAL

The frames were identified from the building and corresponding load
were calculated using IS 875 part 1and part 2.The analysis of frames for the
vertical forces was carried out by substitute frame method. Analysis is a very
important part in construction. To determinate the strength and design a structure
we need to analyse. From the analysis we get what type of sliding may occur, like
sliding, overturning, sinking, rotation about any axis.

Structure are analysed on two structure:

 Determinate structure
 Intermediate structure

LOAD CALCULATION

As per IS 456, based on deflection point of view span to

effective depth ratio is 26 for continuos slab.

LOAD COMBINATION

The analysis of the frame is carried out with all load

combination as per IS (Part 1):2002. The maximum moments and force for the
beams and column for all load combination is considered.

13
STRUCTURE MODEL:

14
BEAM

15
COLUMN

16
DISPLACEMENT

17
 CHAPTER-4

LOAD CALCULATION

Beam 1(First floor):

Trapezoidal Area =1\2 (a+b) xh

=1\2 (1.63+4.78) x 1.63

=5.22mm2

Self weight of the slab =unit weight of the concrete x thickness of slab

=25 x 0.15

=3.75KN/m2

Total load from slab =live load + self weight + finishers

=2 +3.75 +1

=6.75KN/m2

Ultimate load =1.5 x 8.75

=10.12 KN/m2
18
 Load on beam = a x w/span

=5.22 x10.12/4.78

=11.05 KN/m

BEAM 2 (First floor):

Triangle area =1\2 (ab)

=1\2 (3.26x1.63)

=2.63 mm2

Load on beam = a x w/span

=2.63 x10.12/3.26

=8.16 KN/m

BEAM 1(Ground floor):

Total load from slab =live load + self weight + finishers

=4 +3.75 +1

=8.75KN/m2

Ultimate load =1.5 x 8.75

=13.12 KN/m2

Load on beam = a x w/span

19
 =5.22 x13.12/4.78

=14.32 KN/m

BEAM 2(Ground floor):

Triangle area =1\2 (ab)

=1\2 (3.26x1.63)

=2.63 mm2

Load on beam =2.63 x13.12/3.26

=10.58 KN/m

BEAM4 (first floor):

Trapezoidal Area 1 =1\2 (a+b) xh

=1\2 (1.63+4.78) x 1.63

=5.22mm2

Trapezoidal Area 2 =1\2 (a+b) xh

20
 =1\2 (0.82+4.78) x 1.98

=5.54 mm2

Load on beam = a x w/span

=(5.22+5.54) x10.12/4.78

=2.25 KN/m

Beam 5(first floor):

Triangle area =1\2 (3.96x1.98)

=3.92 mm2

Load on beam = 9.99KN/m

BEAM 4(ground floor):

Load on beam = (5.22+5.54) x13.12/4.78

=29.53 KN/m

BEAM 5(ground floor|):

Load on beam =3.92 x 13.12/3.98 =12.92 KN/m

21
 CHAPTER 5

DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

5.1.R.C.C FRAME STRUCTURE

A RCC framed structure is an assembly of slabs, columns, beams, and

foundation connected to one another so that it behaves as one unit. In an RCC
framed structure, the load is transfer from a slab to the beams then to the beams
then to the columns and further to lower column sand finally to the foundation
which in transfer it to the soil. The walls do not carry any load on them. Majority
of urban structure and multi-storeyed buildings are constructed after the frame is
ready and are not meant to carry any load.

5.1.1 Components of RCC frame structure

The principle elements of a R.C.C. buildings frame consists of

 Slabs to cover large area

 Beams to support slabs and walls
 Columns to support beams
 Footings to distribute concentrated columns loads over a large of shopping
soil such that the bearing capacity of soil is not exceeded.

5.1.2. STAGES IN STRUCTURAL DESIGN

The process of structure design involves the following stages:

 Structural planning
 Action of forces and computation of loads
 Methods of analysis
 Member design

22
  Detailing, drawing and preparation of schedules

SLAB DESIGN;

Arrangement of spans:-

i) For end span :

The width support is less than 1/12 of clear span,

=0.30/2 +4.57+0.230/2

L =4.80 m

Assume, d =100mm

L =4.57+0.10=4.67m whichever is test

Hence,L=4.67m,

ii) Intermediate span:-

=0.23/2+4.46+0.30/2

L = 4.69m

(Or)

L = 4.46+0.10=4.56m

Hence, L=4.56m

iii) For end span,

=0.23/2+5.29+0.30/2

L=5.52m

(or)

L =5.29+0.10=5.39m

23
 Hence, L=5.39m

To find d & D:-

L/d = 26 for continuous slab

Assume a modification factor equal to 1.4

Fe 414 & 𝑚2 0 concrete

i) For end span:-

d =L/26x1.4

=4670/26x1.4 = 128.29 ≈130mm

D =130mm

ii) Intermediate span:-

d =L/ (26x1.4)

=4560/ (26x1.4) = 125.27≈ 130mm

iii) End span:x

d = L/ (26x1.4)

= 5390/ (26x1.4) = 148.076 ≅ 150mm

keep, D=150mm, cover, 𝑑 ′ = 20mm , ∅=10mm,

so that , d = 150 - 𝑑1 – ∅/2

= 150 -20- 10/2

Effective depth (d) = 125mm.

24
Design constants and limiting depth of N.A

For Fe 415 steel, 𝑓𝑦 = 415 N/𝑚𝑚2 ,

For 𝑚2 o concrete , 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 20 N/ 𝑚𝑚2 ,

𝑋𝑌 .max
= (For Fe 415 steel ) = 0.48,
𝑑

𝑥𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑥𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑅𝑢 = 0.36 𝑓𝑐𝑘 (1- 0.416 )
𝑑 𝑑

=0.36x20x0.48 (1-0.416x0.48)

=2.76𝑚𝑚2

Load calculation:-

Self weight of slab = BxDx25

= 1x0.15x25

= 3.7 kN/M.

Assume, Floor finishing =1 KN/𝑚2

= 4.7 KN/ 𝑚2

As per IS 815 – part – II (table no – 2)

Live load = 4KN/ 𝑚2

Moment calculation:-

For end spans,

𝑤𝑑 𝑤𝑠
M (near the centre) = 𝐿2 + 𝐿2
12 10

25
 4700 4000
= * 4.672 + x 4.672
12 10

= 12.90 x 106 N-mm.

𝑤𝑑 𝑤𝑠
Mc at support next to end support= - [ 𝐿2 + 𝐿2 ]
10 9

4700 4000
=-[ x 4.672 + x 4.672 ]
10 9

=+ 15.09 N-mm

For Intermediate spans ,

𝑤𝑑 𝑤𝑠
M (at the middle) =[ 𝐿2 + 𝐿2 ]
24 12

4700 4000
=[ x 4.562 + x 4.562 ]
24 12

= 7.537 x 106 N-mm

𝑤𝑑 𝑤𝑠
M (at the interior support) =-[ 𝐿2 + 𝐿2 ]
12 9

4700 4000
=[ x 4.562 + x 4.562 ]
12 9

= 12.764 x 106 N-mm

For ends spans ,

𝑤𝑑 𝐿2 𝑤𝑠 𝐿2
M (near the centre ) = [ + ]
12 10

4700 4000
=[ x 5.392 + x 5.392 ]
12 9

= 17.189 x 106 N-mm

𝑤𝑑 𝐿2 𝑤𝑠 𝐿2
M (at support next to end suppor ) =-[ + ]
10 9

4700 4000
=[ x 5.392 + x 5.392 ]
10 9

= 20.111 x 106 N-mm

26
 Out of six values of moments, the effective depth will be determine for
max value .

Design moment = 20.111 x 106 N-mm

Hence, 𝑚𝑢 𝐷 = 1.5 x20.111 x 106 N-mm

𝑀𝑢 𝐷
D =√
𝑅𝑢 𝑏

30.165∗ 106
=√
2.76∗1000

= 104.54 mm

Available d, determine from limit state of serviceability, is equal to

151mm. Hence, the section is will be under-reinforced.

Determination of reinforcement:

a) At middle of end span:

=1.5x 𝑀𝑢 (end span)

𝑀𝑢𝐷 = 1.5x12.93x106

=19.354x106 N-mm

0.5 𝑓𝑐𝑘 4.6𝑚𝑢𝑑1

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = [1-√1 − ] 𝑏𝑑
𝑓𝑦 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏 2
𝑑

0.5𝑥20 4.6𝑥19.354𝑥106
= [1-√1 − ] 1000x125
415 20𝑥1000𝑥1252

𝐴𝑠𝑡 =463.85𝑚𝑚2 ,

Provide 8mm ∅ bars,

𝜋
1000𝑥 𝑥82
4
Spacing =
463.85

27
 =108.36mm

Max spacing =3d = 3x150 =450mm

Hence provide 8 ∅ bars @ 100mm c/c.

𝜋
1000𝑥 𝑥82
Actually 𝐴𝑠𝑡 provided = 4
= 502.65𝑚𝑚2 ,
100

1000𝑥502.65
P= = 0.40
1000𝑥125

0.12
𝐴𝑠𝑡1 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = x1000x120 =144𝑚𝑚2
100

Bend half bars up at a distance of 0.15L =0.15x4670 =700mm

At the other end, bend half bars up at a distance ,0.25 L=0.25x4670=1167

From the centre of the support,

b) At middle of intermediate span,

𝑀𝑢𝐷2 = 1.5x12.93x106 = 11.305x106 N-mm

0.5𝑥20 4.6𝑥11.305𝑥106
𝐴𝑠𝑡2 = [1-√1 − ] 1000x125
415 20𝑥1000𝑥1252

𝐴𝑠𝑡2 =262𝑚𝑚2

𝐴𝑠𝑡1 𝑚𝑖𝑛 =144𝑚𝑚2 .

However keep 𝐴𝑠𝑡2 =𝐴𝑠𝑡1 because of practical consideration and also

because of the season that the section is already very much under-reinforced.

c) Middle of end span:

𝑀𝑢𝐷3 =1.5x17.189x106 =25.784x106 N-mm

0.5𝑥20 4.6𝑥25.784𝑥106
𝐴𝑠𝑡3 = [1-√1 − ] 1000x125]
415 20𝑥1000𝑥1252

28
 𝐴𝑠𝑡3 =639.48𝑚𝑚2

However keep 𝐴𝑠𝑡3 =𝐴𝑠𝑡1 , because of practical consideration

d) At support next to end support:-

𝑀𝑢𝐷2 ′ =1.5x15.096x106 =22.64x106 N-mm

0.5𝑥20 4.6𝑥22.644𝑥106
𝐴𝑠𝑡3 ′ = [1-√1 − ] 1000x125]
415 20𝑥1000𝑥1252

𝐴𝑠𝑡3 ′ =552.69𝑚𝑚2

Area from steel Available in the form of bent up bars from the adjacent
1
spans = (𝐴𝑠𝑡1 + 𝐴𝑠𝑡2 +𝐴𝑠𝑡3 )
2

=682.65𝑚𝑚2

Addition steel required = 129.96𝑚𝑚2

𝜋
1000𝑥 𝑥82
4
S = = 387mm
129.96

However this has to be in multiple of earlier spacing of 200mm. Hence

provide ends 8mm ∅ bars @ 350mm c/c.

e) At interior supports:-

𝑀𝑢𝐷21 =1.5x12.764x106 =19.146x106 N-mm

0.5𝑥20 4.6𝑥19.146𝑥106
𝐴𝑠𝑡21 = [1-√1 − ] 1000x125]
415 20𝑥1000𝑥1252

𝐴𝑠𝑡21 =459.48𝑚𝑚2

Addition steel required =223.17 𝑚𝑚2

𝜋
1000𝑥 𝑥82
4
Spacing = = 225mm.
223.17

29
 Hence, this has to be in multiple of earlier spacing of 200mm.Hence
provide extra 8mm ∅ bars @ 225mm.

f) At support next to end support:-

𝑀𝑢𝐷2 ′ =1.5x20.11x106 =30.166x106 N-mm

0.5𝑥20 4.6𝑥30.166𝑥106
𝐴𝑠𝑡2 ′ = [1-√1 − ] 1000x125]
415 1000𝑥20𝑥1252

𝐴𝑠𝑡2 ′ =766.19𝑚𝑚2
Addition steel required =83.54𝑚𝑚2
𝜋
1000𝑥 𝑥82
4
Spacing= = 601.6mm.
83.54

Hence, this has to be in multiple of earlier spacing of 200mm.Hence

provide extra 8mm ∅ bars @ 600mmc/c.

Distribution of reinforcement:-
0.12
𝐴𝑠𝑡1 = x1000x120=144𝑚𝑚2
100

𝜋
1000𝑥 𝑥82
Provide 8∅ mm bars spacing = 4
= 350𝑚𝑚2 ,
144

Hence provide 8mm ∅ bars @ 350mm c/c.

Check for anchorage and development length at end support.

The end support is a free support,

𝐿𝑑 =56.4∅= 56.4x8 ≅450mm.

𝐿𝑑 /3 = 450/3= 150mm.

Width of support available =300mm. Length by which half the bars can be
taken inside the support = 300-25 = 275mm >150mm.

Hence safe.
30
 Again at the support the following relation should satisified,
𝑀1
1.3 +𝐿0 ≥ 𝐿𝑑
𝑉

Where,

V = 𝑉𝑢 = 1.5 [0.4𝑊𝑑 L+ 0.45 𝑊𝑠 𝐿]

=1.5 [(0.4x4700x4.67)+(0.45x4000x4.67)]

=25778.4 N
𝐴𝑠𝑡
Area of steel available at support = = 502.65/2
2

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 251.3𝑚𝑚2

0.87𝑓𝑦 . 𝐴𝑠𝑡 0.87𝑥415𝑥125.8

𝑥𝑢 = = = 6.3mm
0.36 𝑓𝑏 𝑏 0.36𝑥20𝑥1000

𝑀1 = 0.87 𝑓𝑦 . 𝐴𝑠𝑡 (d-𝑥𝑢 )

= 0.87x 415x 215.3(215-6.3)

𝑀1 = 10.769x 106 N-mm

𝑏3 300
𝐿0 = - 𝑥1 = – 25=125mm.
2 2

𝑀1 10.769 𝑥106
1.3 +𝐿0 = 1.3 x + 125
𝑉 25778.4

= 660mm,

𝐿𝑑 = 450mm

Hence safe.

Check for shear:-

Normally, slabs are found to be safe in shear. However, let as check for
shear at the support next to the en support,where SF is maximum.

31
 𝑉𝑢 = 1.5 [0.6 𝑊𝑑 L+ 0.6 𝑊𝑠 𝐿]

=1.5 [(0.6 x 4.67) + (4700x 4000)]

= 36566.
36566.1
𝜏𝑣 = = 0.292 N/𝑚𝑚2
1000 𝑥 125

𝜏𝑣1 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.35 N/𝑚𝑚2 ,

𝜏𝑣 = 𝜏𝑐

Hence safe

Check for deflection:-

For the end span, P= 0.25%

Modified factor = 1.5

𝐿 4670
D =1 = = 115mm
(20+26)𝑥1.5 23 𝑥 1.5
2

Available, d=125mm

Hence safe.

32
 BEAM

GENERAL

Beam is the horizontal member of a structure, carrying transverse loads.

Beam is rectangular in cross-section. Beam transfer all the loads including its
self-weight to the columns or walls.

R.C.C Beam is subjected to bending moments and shear. The strength of

R.C.C beam depands on the composite action of concrete and steel.

TYPES OF BEAMS

 Simply Supported Beam

 Fixed Beam
 Cantilever Beam
 Continuous Beam
 Overhanging Beam

Simply supported beam

Simply supported beam supported freely at the two ends or columns. In

actual practice, no beam rests freely on the supports (walls or columns).

R.C.C BEAMS

 Singly Reinforced Beam

 Doubly Reinforced Beam

33
DESIGN OF BEAM 1(F.F)

Effective span = 4.78m

Size of beam = 230 x 300mm

Effective cover d’ = 50mm

Grade of concrete fck = 20 N/mm2

Grade of steel fy = 415 N/mm2

CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE DEPTH:

The overall depth D = 300mm

The effective depthd = 300 - 50

d = 250mm

CALCULATION OF LOADS:

Load from slab =11.05 KN/m

Self weight of beam = 0.23 x 0.3 x 25

= 1.72 KN/m

Parapet wall Load = 0.23 x 0.6 x 19

= 2.622 K N/m

Total load = 15.39 KN/m

34
 Factored load = 1.5 x 18.66

= 23.08 KN/m

CALCULATION OF BENDING MOMENT:

Bending momentMu = wl2 / 8

=23.08 x4.782 / 8

= 65.93 KN-m

CALCULATION OF SHEAR FORCE:

Shear force Vu =wl/2

= 23.08 x 4.78 / 2

= 55.16 KN

CALCULATION OF MAIN REINFORCEMENT:

𝑀𝑢 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = .138 x fck x b x d2

= 0.138X20X1000X2502

= 172.5 KN-m

𝑀𝑢 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 > Mu

Hence section is under reinforced section

35
REINFORCEMENT:

As per IS 456-2000,

Ast fy
𝑀𝑢 = 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑑 (1 − )
b×d×fck

Ast ×415
65.93×106 = 0.87 × 415 × 250 × Ast (1 − )
1000×250×20

65.93x106 = 90.26x103Ast - 7.49 Ast2

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 781.09 mm2

Using of 12mm diameter bar

Spacing = ( 113.03 x 1000)/ 781.09

= 144.78mm c/c

Provide 12mm diameter bar @150mm c/c spacing

CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS;

Nominal Shear stress 𝜏v = Vu/ b x d

= 55.16 x 103/ (230x 250)

𝜏v = 0.95 N/mm2

Percentage of Ast = (100xAst) / (b x d)

= (100x781.09) / (230 x 250)

36
 = 1.35 %

From IS 456-2000 table 19,

𝜏c = 0.68/N/mm2

𝜏c < 𝜏v

Hence shear reinforcement required

MINIMUM SHEAR REINFORCEMENT:

V us = Vu-( 𝜏c x b x d)

=55.16x103-(0.68 x 230 x 250)

V us = 16.06KN

Balance shear is very small provide nominal stirrups of 8mm at spacing

1. SV =0.87xfyxAsv/0.4b

=0.87x415x100.53/0.4 x 230

=394.5mm

2. Sv = 0.75 x 250

= 0.75 x 550
= 187.5mm

3. Sv = 300mm
37
 Provide 2-legged stirrups of 8mm diameter bar at 190 mm c/c spacing of
shear support.

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:

Pt = 1.35%

(L/d) max = (L/d) basic x Kt x Kc x Kf

= 20 x 1.1 x 1 x1

= 22

(L/d) actual = Span/d

=4780/250

= 19.12

(L/d) max> (L/d) actual . Hence it is safe.

DESIGN OF BEAM 1(G.F)

Effective span = 4.78m

Size of beam = 230 x 300mm

Effective cover d’ = 50mm

Grade of concrete fck = 20 N/mm2

Grade of steel fy = 415 N/mm2

38
CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE DEPTH:

The overall depth D = 300mm

The effective depthd = 300 - 50

d = 250mm

CALCULATION OF LOADS:

Load from slab =14.32 KN/m

Self weight of beam = 0.23 x 0.3 x 25

= 1.72 KN/m

wall Load = 0.23 x 3 x 19

= 13.11K N/m

Total load = 29.15 KN/m

Factored load = 1.5 x 18.66

= 43.72 KN/m

CALCULATION OF BENDING MOMENT:

Bending momenMu = wl2 / 8

39
 =43.72 x4.782 / 8

= 124.88 KN-m

CALCULATION OF SHEAR FORCE:

Shear force Vu =wl/2

= 43.72 x 4.78 / 2

= 104.44 KN

CALCULATION OF MAIN REINFORCEMENT:

𝑀𝑢 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = .138 x fck x b x d2

= 0.138X20X1000X2502

= 172.5 KN-m

𝑀𝑢 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 > Mu

Hence section is under reinforced section

REINFORCEMENT:

As per IS 456-2000,

Ast fy
𝑀𝑢 = 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑑 (1 − )
b×d×fck

Ast ×415
124.88×106 = 0.87 × 415 × 250 × Ast (1 − )
1000×250×20

124.88x106 = 90.26x103Ast - 7.49 Ast2

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 1594.5 mm2

40
 Using of 12mm diameter bar

Spacing = ( 113.03 x 1000)/ 1597.5

= 70.75mm c/c

Provide 12mm dia bar @100mm c/c spacing

CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS;

Nominal Shear stress 𝜏v = Vu/ b x d

= 104.44 x 103/ (230x 250)

𝜏v = 1.81 N/mm2

Percentage of Ast = (100xAst) / (b x d)

= (100x1594.5) / (230 x 250)

= 2.77 %

From IS 456-2000 table 19,

𝜏c = 0.82N/mm2

𝜏c < 𝜏v

Hence shear reinforcement required

MINIMUM SHEAR REINFORCEMENT:

V us = Vu-( 𝜏c x b x d)

41
 =104.44x103-(0.82 x 230 x 250)

V us = 57.25KN

Balance shear is very small provide nominal stirrups of 8mm at spacing

1. SV =0.87xfyxAsv/0.4b

=0.87x415x100.53/0.4 x 230

=394.5mm

2. Sv = 0.75 x 250

= 0.75 x 550
= 187.5mm

3. Sv = 300mm

Provide 2-legged stirrups of 8mm dia bar at 190 mm c/c spacing of shear
support.

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:

Pt = 2.24%

(L/d) max = (L/d) basic x Kt x Kc x Kf

= 20 x 1.1 x 1 x1

= 22

(L/d) actual = Span/d

42
 =4780/250

= 19.12

(L/d) max> (L/d) actual . Hence it is safe.

DESIGN OF BEAM 2(F.F):

Effective span = 3.26m

Size of beam = 230 x 300mm

Effective cover d’ = 50mm

Grade of concrete fck = 20 N/mm2

Grade of steel fy = 415 N/mm2

CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE DEPTH:

The overall depth D = 300mm

The effective depth d = 300 - 50

d = 250mm

CALCULATION OF LOADS:

Laod from slab =8.16 KN/m

Self weight of beam = 0.23 x 0.3 x 25

= 1.72 KN/m

Parapet wall load = 0.23 x 0.6 x 19

43
 = 2.622 K N/m

Total load = 12.5 KN/m

Ultimate load = 1.5 x 12.5

= 18.75 KN/m

CALCULATION OF BENDING MOMENT:

Bending moment Mu = wl2 / 8

=18.75 x 3.262 / 8

= 24.90 KN-m

CALCULATION OF SHEAR FORCE:

Shear force Vu =wl/2

= 18.75 x 3.26 / 2

= 30.56 KN

CALCULATION OF MAIN REINFORCEMENT:

𝑀𝑢 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = .138 x fck x b x d2

= 0.138X20X1000X2502

= 172.5 KN-m

𝑀𝑢 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 > Mu

Hence section is under reinforced section

44
REINFORCEMENT:

As per IS 456-2000,

Ast fy
𝑀𝑢 = 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑑 (1 − )
b×d×fck

Ast ×415
24.90×106 = 0.87 × 415 × 250 × Ast (1 − )
1000×250×20

24.90x106 = 90.26x103Ast - 7.49 Ast2

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 282.419 mm2

Using of 12mm diameter bar

Spacing = ( 113.03 x 1000)/ 282.49

= 400.12mm c/c

Provide 12mm dia bar @ 300mm c/c spacing

CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS;

Nominal Shear stress 𝜏v = Vu/ b x d

= 30.56 x 103/ (230x 250)

𝜏v = 0.53 N/mm2

Percentage of Ast = (100xAst) / (b x d)

= (100x282.4) / (230 x 250)

= 0.49 %

45
 From IS 456-2000 table 19,

𝜏c = 0.47 N/mm2

𝜏c < 𝜏v

Hence shear reinforcement required

MINIMUM SHEAR REINFORCEMENT:

Vu = Vu-( 𝜏c x b x d)

= 30.56 x103-(0.47 x 230 x 250)

V us = 35.3 KN

Balance shear is very small provide nominal stirrups of 8mm at spacing

1. SV =0.87xfyxAsv/0.4b

=0.87x415x100.53/0.4 x 230

=394.5mm

2. Sv = 0.75 x d

= 0.75 x 250
= 187.5mm
3. Sv = 300mm

Provide 2-legged stirrups of 8mm dia bar at 190 mm c/c spacing of shear
support.

46
CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:

Pt = 0.75%

(L/d) max = (L/d) basic x Kt x Kc x Kf

= 20 x 1.1 x 1 x1

= 22

(L/d) actual = `Span/d

=3260/250

= 13.12

(L/d) max> (L/d) actual. . Hence it is safe.

DESIGN OF BEAM 2(G.F):

Effective span = 3.26m

Size of beam = 230 x 300mm

Effective cover d’ = 50mm

Grade of concrete fck = 20 N/mm2

Grade of steel fy = 415 N/mm2

CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE DEPTH:

The overall depth D = 300mm

The effective depth d = 300 - 50

47
 d = 250mm

CALCULATION OF LOADS:

Laod from slab =10.58 KN/m

Self weight of beam = 0.23 x 0.3 x 25

= 1.72 KN/m

Load From wall = 0.23 x 3 x 19

= 13.11K N/m

Total load = 25.41 KN/m

Ultimate load = 1.5 x 25.41

= 38.11 KN/m

CALCULATION OF BENDING MOMENT:

Bending moment Mu = wl2 / 8

=38.11 x 3.262 / 8

= 50.62 KN-m

CALCULATION OF SHEAR FORCE:

Shear force Vu =wl/2

= 38.11 x 3.26 / 2

= 62.11 KN

48
CALCULATION OF MAIN REINFORCEMENT:

𝑀𝑢 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = .138 x fck x b x d2

= 0.138X20X1000X2502

= 172.5 KN-m

𝑀𝑢 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 > Mu

Hence section is under reinforced section

REINFORCEMENT:

As per IS 456-2000,

Ast fy
𝑀𝑢 = 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑑 (1 − )
b×d×fck

Ast ×415
50.62×106 = 0.87 × 415 × 250 × Ast (1 − )
1000×250×20

37.90x106 = 90.26x103Ast - 7.49 Ast2

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 589.6 mm2

Using of 12mm diameter bar

Spacing = ( 113.03 x 1000)/ 589.67

= 191.68mm c/c

Provide 12mm dia bar @ 200mm c/c spacing

CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS;

Nominal Shear stress 𝜏v= Vu/ b x d

49
 = 62.11 x 103/ (230x 250)

𝜏v = 1.08 N/mm2

Percentage of Ast = (100xAst) / (b x d)

= (100x589.6) / (230 x 250)

= 1.0 %

From IS 456-2000 table 19,

𝜏c = 0.62 N/mm2

𝜏c < 𝜏v

Hence shear reinforcement required

MINIMUM SHEAR REINFORCEMENT:

Vu = Vu-( 𝜏c x b x d)

= 62.11 x103-(0.62 x 230 x 250)

V us = 26.4 KN

Balance shear is very small provide nominal stirrups of 8mm at spacing

1. SV =0.87xfyxAsv/0.4b

=0.87x415x100.53/0.4 x 230

=394.5mm

2. Sv = 0.75 x d

50
 = 0.75 x 250
= 187.5mm
3. Sv = 300mm

Provide 2-legged stirrups of 8mm dia bar at 190 mm c/c spacing of shear
support.

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:

Pt = 0.75%

(L/d) max = (L/d) basic x Kt x Kc x Kf

= 20 x 1.1 x 1 x1

= 22

(L/d) actual = `Span/d

=3260/250

= 13.12

(L/d) max> (L/d) actual. . Hence it is safe.

51
CROSS SECTION OF BEAM

52
 COLUMN

GENERAL

Column is a vertical structure member. It transmits the load from

ceiling/roof slab & beam, including its self-weight to the foundation. A column
with axial load and biaxial bending is commonly found in commonly found in
structure, because of two major reasons:

Axial load may natural eccentricities, though small, with respects to both
the axes and corner columns of a building may be subjected to bending moments
in both the directions along with axial load.

Types of columns

 Long columns or slender

 Short Columns
 Intermediate Column
 Columns of square, rectangular & circular.

Classification of columns

 Based on the manner of loading

 Axially loaded columns.
 Columns subject to axial load & uni-axial bending.
 Columns subject to axial load & bi-axial bending.

53
5.3 DESIGN OF COLUMN 1 (F.F)

Column size = 230mmx300mm

Effective cover d’ = 50mm

Grade of concrete fck = 20 N/mm2

Grade of steel fy = 415 N/mm2

LOAD CALCULATION:

Load from beam 1 =23.08 x 4.78 x (4.78/2)

=263.67 KN

Load from beam 2 =18.75 x 3.26 x (3.26/2)

=99.63 KN

Self weight of columm =0.23x 0.3x 25x 3

54
 =5.17KN

Total load =368.47

Ultimate load =552.6KN

SLENDERNESS RATIO

Leff = 0.08× L

= 0.08 × 3

= 2.4 m

Leff /d = 2.4/ 0.3

= 8 < 12

It is a short column

e min < 0.05 D

𝐿 𝐷
e min = +
500 30

2400 230
= +
500 30

e min = 12.44mm

0.05 D = 0.05 × 300

= 15 mm

e min <0.05 D

AREA OF REINFORCEMENT

PU = 0.4 fck Ac + 0.67 fy Asc

Area of column Ag = 230 × 300

55
 Ag = 69×103 mm2

Ag = Ac +Asc

Ac = Ag - Asc

Ac = 69 ×103 - Asc

Pu = 0.45×20(69x103 -Asc) + 0.67 × 415 × Asc

552.6× 103 = 621 × 103 - 9 Asc +278.05 Asc

68.4×103 = 269 .05 Asc

Asc = 354.22 mm2

Number of bars = Asc / ast

= 354.22 /(𝜋/4) × 122

= 3.3 ~ 4 nos

LATERAL TIES

Diameter

Diameter = 1/4 (d)

= 1/4 (12)

= 3 mm

Provide minimum dia of 6mm dia steel bar.

Spacing

Least lateral dimension = 230 mm

16 × diameter of longitudinal bar = 16 × 12

= 192mm

56
 48 × diameter of ties = 48 ×6

= 288mm

Provide 6mm dia @ 290mm c/c spacing

DESIGN OF COLUMN 1 (G.F)

Column size = 230mmx300mm

Effective cover d’ = 50mm

Grade of concrete fck = 20 N/mm2

Grade of steel fy = 415 N/mm2

LOAD CALCULATION:

Load from beam 1 =14.32 x 4.78 x (4.78/2)

=163.59 KN

Load from beam 2 =10.58 x 3.26 x (3.26/2)

=56.22 KN

Load from first floor = 552.6 KN

Self weight of columm =0.23x 0.3x 25x 3

=5.17KN

57
 Total load =777.58 KN

Ultimate load =1166.37 KN

SLENDERNESS RATIO

Leff = 0.08× L

= 0.08 × 3

= 2.4 m

Leff /d = 2.4/ 0.3

= 8 < 12

It is a short column

e min < 0.05 D

𝐿 𝐷
e min = +
500 30

2400 230
= +
500 30

e min = 12.44 mm

0.05 D = 0.05 × 300

= 15 mm

e min <0.05 D

AREA OF REINFORCEMENT

PU = 0.4 fck Ac + 0.67 fy Asc

Area of column Ag = 230 × 300

Ag = 69×103 mm2

58
 Ag = Ac +Asc

Ac = Ag - Asc

Ac = 69 ×103 - Asc

Pu = 0.45×20 (69x103 -Asc)+ 0.67 × 415 × Asc

1166.37× 103 = 621 × 103 - 9 Asc +278.05 Asc

619.8 ×103 = 269 .05 Asc

Asc = 1303.7 mm2

` Number of bars = Asc / ast

= 1003.7 /(𝜋/4) × 162

= 6.4 ~ 8 nos

Provide 8 nos of 16mm dia bar

LATERAL TIES

Diameter

Diameter = 1/4 (d)

= 1/4 (16)

= 4 mm

Provide minimum dia of 6mm dia steel bar.

Spacing

Least lateral dimension = 230 mm

16 × diameter of longitudinal bar = 16 × 16

= 256mm

59
 48 × diameter of ties = 48 ×6

= 288mm

Provide 6mm dia @ 290mm c/c spacing

5.3 DESIGN OF COLUMN 1 (F.F)

Column size = 230mmx300mm

Effective cover d’ = 50mm

Grade of concrete fck = 20 N/mm2

Grade of steel fy = 415 N/mm2

LOAD CALCULATION:

Load from beam 2 =8.16 x 3.26 x (3.26/2)

=43.36 KN

60
 Load from beam 4 =2.25 x 4.78 x (4.78/2)

=25.70 KN

Load from beam 5 =9.99 x 3.26 x (3.26/2)

=53.08 K0N

Self weight of columm =0.23x 0.3x 25x 3

=5.17KN

Total load =127.31

Ultimate load =190.96KN

SLENDERNESS RATIO

Leff = 0.08× L

= 0.08 × 3

= 2.4 m

Leff /d = 2.4/ 0.3

= 8 < 12

It is a short column

e min < 0.05 D

𝐿 𝐷
e min = +
500 30

2400 230
= +
500 30

61
 e min = 12.44mm

0.05 D = 0.05 × 300

= 15 mm

e min <0.05 D

AREA OF REINFORCEMENT

PU = 0.4 fck Ac + 0.67 fy Asc

Area of column Ag = 230 × 300

Ag = 69×103 mm2

Ag = Ac +Asc

Ac = Ag - Asc

Ac = 69 ×103 - Asc

Pu = 0.45 ×20(69x103 -Asc) +0.67 × 415 × Asc

190.96× 103 = 621× 103 - 9 Asc +278.05 Asc

430.04×103 = 269 .05 Asc

Asc = 1598.3 mm2

Number of bars = Asc / ast

= 1598.3 /(𝜋/4) × 162

= 7.9 ~ 8 nos

LATERAL TIES

Diameter

Diameter = 1/4 (d)

62
 = 1/4 (126)

= 4 mm

Provide minimum dia of 6mm dia steel bar.

Spacing

Least lateral dimension = 230 mm

16 × diameter of longitudinal bar = 16 × 16

= 254mm

48 × diameter of ties = 48 ×6

= 288mm

Provide 6mm dia @ 260mm c/c spacing

The reinforcement details are shown in fig

5.3 DESIGN OF COLUMN 1 (G.F)

Column size = 230mmx300mm

Effective cover d’ = 50mm

Grade of concrete fck = 20 N/mm2

Grade of steel fy = 415 N/mm2

LOAD CALCULATION:

Load from beam 2 =10.58 x 3.26 x (3.26/2)

63
 =56.22 KN

Load from beam 4 =29.53 x 4.78 x (4.78/2)

=337.35 KN

Load from beam 5 =12.92 x 3.26 x (3.26/2)

=68.65 KN

Load from first floor =190.6KN

Self weight of columm =0.23x 0.3x 25x 3

=5.17KN

Total load =657.9

Ultimate load =986.9 KN

SLENDERNESS RATIO

Leff = 0.08× L

= 0.08 × 3

= 2.4 m

Leff /d = 2.4/ 0.3

= 8 < 12

It is a short column

e min < 0.05 D

𝐿 𝐷
e min = +
500 30

64
 2400 230
= +
500 30

e min = 12.44mm

0.05 D = 0.05 × 300

= 15 mm

e min <0.05 D

AREA OF REINFORCEMENT

PU = 0.4 fck Ac + 0.67 fy Asc

Area of column Ag = 230 × 300

Ag = 69×103 mm2

Ag = Ac +Asc

Ac = Ag - Asc

Ac = 69 ×103 - Asc

Pu = 0.45 ×20 (69x103 -Asc) 0.67 × 415 × Asc

986.98× 103 = 621 × 103 - 9 Asc +278.05 Asc

986.98×103 = 269 .05 Asc

Asc = 2667.4 mm2

Number of bars = Asc / ast

= 2667.4 /(𝜋/4) × 162

= 9.8 ~ 8 nos

LATERAL TIES

Diameter

65
 Diameter = 1/4 (d)

= 1/4 (16)

= 4 mm

Provide minimum dia of 6mm dia steel bar.

Spacing

Least lateral dimension = 300 mm

16 × diameter of longitudinal bar = 16 × 16

= 254mm

48 × diameter of ties = 48 ×6

= 288mm

Provide 6mm dia @ 290mm c/c spacing

66
C/s of column

67
DESIGN OF FOOTING:

Load from column = 1200 KN

Self-weight of column = 120 KN

Total load = 1320 KN

Assume soil bearing capacity = 150 KN/m2

Column size = 230 x 300 mm

SIZE OF COLUMN

Load from column = 1200 KN

Approximate weight of foundation @ 10 % of column load

= 1200 x 10/100

= 120KN

Total factored load, Wu = 1320KN

Footing area = 1320/(1.5 x150)

= 5.87 m2

Proportion the footing area in same proportion as the side of the column .

Hence

68
 2.3x X 3x = 5.87

x = 0.922m

Short side of footing = 2.3x = 2.21m

Long side of footing = 3x = 2.76m

Adopt a rectangular footing of size (2.5m x 3m)

Actual bearing pressure = (1200/(2.5 x 3))

Pu = 160KN/m2<(1.5 x 1+50) = 225KN/m2

Hence, the footing is adequate. Since the

soil pressure developed at the base is less than the factored bearing capacity of
soil.

FACTORED FOOTING

Cantilever projection from short side face of column = 0.5(3-0.23)

= 1.385m

Cantilever projection from long side face of column = 0.5(2.5-0.3)

= 1.1m

BM @ short side face of column, 0.5PuL2 = 153.45KN

BM @ long side face of column, 0.5PuL2 = 96.8KN

DEPTH OF FOOTING
69
 a) From moment consideration we have,

Mu = 0.138fckbd2
d =√(Mu/0.138fckbd2)
= √(153.45 x 106)/(0.138x20x 1000)
= 235.79mm
D = 230mm
b) From shear stress consideration we have critical section for one way
shear is located at a distance ‘d’ from face of column
Shear force per ‘m’ width (longer direction) is
Vu =160 (1100 - d)
Assume shear strength of , 𝜏c = 0.36 N/mm2 for M20 grade concrete with
Nominal % of reinforcement , Pt = 0.25
𝜏c = Vu/bd
= 160(1100-d)/(1000 x d)

0.36 = (176 x 103- 160d)/(1000 x d)

360d = 176 x 103 – 160d

D = 338.46mm

Hence, adopt effective depth , d = 350mm

Overall depth, D = 400mm

REINFORCEMENT IN FOOTING

a) Longer direction
Mu =0.87fyAstd(1-(fyAst/bdfck))
153.45x106=0.87x415xAst x 350(1-(415xAst)/(1000x350x 20) )
153.45 x 106 = 126367.5Ast – 7.4917Ast2
70
 Ast = 1323.74 mm2
b) Shorter span
96.8 x 106 = 126367.5Ast – 7.4917Ast2
Ast = 804.37mm2
For longer direction,
Adopt 16mm diameter bars @ 200mm c/c
Ast = (𝜋/4 x 162)/200 x 1000
Ast = 1005.30mm2
Minimum reinforcement = 0.12%bd
= (0.12/100) x 1000 x 350
= 420mm2

Hence, provide 12mm diameter bars @ 180mm c/c

Ast = (𝜋/4 x 122)/180 x 1000

Ast = 628.318mm2

CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS

Ultimate shear force per meter width in the longer direction is,

Vu = (160 x 1.1)

= 176KN

Pt = (Ast/bd) x 100

= (1005.3/(1000 x 350)) x 100

𝜏c = 0.32N/mm2

K 𝜏c = 1 x 0.32 = 0.32N/mm2
71
 Nominal shear stress, 𝜏v = Vu/bd

= 176 x 103/(1000 x 350)

𝜏v = 0.50N/mm2

Since, 𝜏v > K 𝜏c.

Shear stress are within the permissible limits.

72
73
DESIGN OF STAIRCASE

Tread, T = 300mm

Rise, R = 150mm

Width of landing slab = 300 mm

fck = 20 N/mm2

fy = 415 N/mm2

EFFECTIVE SPAN

L = (no of tread x tread width ) + width of landing beam

3000 = (n x 300) + 300

n = 9 Steps

Overall thickness or thickness of waist slab

D = span / 20

= 3000/20

D = 150 mm

d’ = 25 mm

d = 125 mm

TOTAL LOAD

Dead load of slab on slope Ws = (1 x 0.150 x 25)

=3.75 KN/mm2

Dead load of slab on horizontal span

74
 W = W s √ (R2 + T2)/T

= 3.75 (√ (0.152 + 0.302)/0.3)

W = 2.3 KN /mm2

Dead load of one step q =1/2 X T X R X 25

= 1/2 X 0.3 X 0.15 X 25

= 0.562 KN/m2

Load of step per meter length = 0.562/ T x 1

= 0.562/0.3 x 1

= 1.875 KN/m2

Total load , W = Dead load + live load + floor finishers

=(2.3 + 1.875 ) + 4 + 1

W = 9.175 KN/m2

Ultimate load , Wu = 1.5 (9.175)

= 13.76 KN/ m2

BENDING MOMENT

M = Wl2/8

= 13.76 x (3)2/8

M = 15.483 KN-m

75
 Mu lim = 0.138 fckbd2

= 0.138 x 20 x 1000 x (125)2

Mu lim = 43.12 X 106 N- mm

AREA OF REINFORCEMENT

Mu = 0.87 fyAstd[1-Astfy/fckbd]

15.48 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 125 [1-Ast (415)]/ (20 x 1000 x 125)

Ast = 365.20 mm2

Use 12 mm diameter bars,

Spacing = ast /Ast x 100

= 113.097/ 365.20 x 1000

Spacing = 309.68 mm

~ 300 mm c/c

Provide 12mm dia bar @ 300mm c/c

DISTRIBUTION REINFORCEMENT

Asv = 0.12 % b D

= 0.12/100 X 1000 X 150

= 180 mm2

Provide 8 mm diameter bars.

76
 Spacing = 100.53 / 180 x 1000

= 279.2 mm c/c~280 mm.

Provide 8mm dia bar @ 280 mm c/c.

77
 CHAPTER-6

CONCLUSION

In our project we have made an attempt to design a restaurant

building has framed structure. As the (G+1)building structure, framed structure
was considered. By selecting rectangle shape, a good aesthetic view obtained.
Also the space is well utilized. All the member are designed by limit state method
which is more rational and realistic in comparison with other design method.

Thus the practical implementation of the design concept are studied,

especially the reinforecement details have been understood during the project
work.

Beams, column, slab and foundation were designed manually after

analysing, designed and checked for its safety. Design is checked for its safety and
serviceability requirements as per IS456:2000.

78
 CHAPTER-6

REFERENCE

1. Varghese, P.C (2008) “limit state design of reinforcement concrete”

prentice

Hall of India Pvt., New Delhi – 110 001

2. Krishna raj. N. (2008) “Design of reinforced concrete element” CBS

Publisher, New Delhi – 110 002

3. Punima. P.C; Ashok. K. Jain, “Reinforced concrete structure” Vol-I, Laxmi

Publisher, New Delhi – 200

4. Arulmanickam. A.P. (2004) “Structural Engineering” Pratheeba Publisher,

Coimbatore -614 012

6. Bureau of Indian Standards, 2005 “National Building Code Part-3”

7. Bureau of Indian Standards, 2000 “Indian Standards-456

79
80