PROBABILITY-1
Sheet No1
1. 100 cards are numbered from 1 to 100. The probability that the randomly chosen card has a digit 5.
2. A quadratic equation is chosen from the set of all the quadratic equations which are unchanged by squaring
their roots. The chance that the chosen equation has equal roots.
3. If the letters of the word “MISSISSIPPI” are written down at random in a row, the probability that no two S’s
occur together.
4. A sample space consists of 3 sample points with associated probabilities given as 2p, p 2, 4p – 1 then the value
of p.
5. A committee of 5 is to be chosen from a group of 9 people. The probability that a certain married couple will
either serve together or not at all is
6. There are only two women among 20 persons taking part in a pleasure trip. The 20 persons are divided into
two groups, each group consisting of 10 persons. Then the probability that the two women will be in the same
group is
7. A bag contain 5 white, 7 black, and 4 red balls, find the chance that three balls drawn at random are all white
8. If four coins are tossed, find the chance that there should be two heads and two tails.
9. In shuffling a pack of cards, four are accidentally dropped, find the chance that the missing cards should be
one from each suit.
10. There are three works, one consisting of 3 volumes, one of 4 and the other of one volume. They are placed on
a shelf random, prove that the chance that volumes of the same works are all together is .
11. The letter forming the word Clifton are placed at random in a row. What is the chance that the two vowels
come together?
12. Three bolts and three nuts are put in a box. If two parts are chosen at random, find the probability that one is a
bolt and one is a nut.
13. A fair die is tossed. If the number is odd, find the probability that it is prime.
14. Three fair coins are tossed. If both heads and tails appear, determine the probability that exactly one head
appears.
15. 3 boys and 3 girls sit in a row. Find the probability that (i) the 3 girls sit together (ii) the boys and girls sit in
alternative seats.
16. A coin is biased so that heads is three times as likely to appear as tails. Find P (H) and P (T).
17. Given two independent events A, B such that P(A) = 0.3, P(B) = 0.6. Determine
(i) P(A and B) (ii) P(A and not B) (iii) P(not A and B)
(iv) P(neither A nor B) (v) P(A or B)
18. A card is drawn at random from a well shuffled deck of cards. Find the probability that the card is a
(i) king or a red card (ii) club or a diamond (iii) king or a queen
(iv) king or an ace (v) spade or a club (vi) neither a heart nor a king.
19. A coin is tossed and a die is thrown. Find the probability that the outcome will be a head or a number greater
than 4.
20. Let A and B be events such that P(A) = 4/5, P(B) = 1/3, P(A/B) = 1/6, then
(i) P(A ∩ B); (ii) P(A ∪ B); (iii) P(B/A);
(iv) Are A and B independent?
21. If A and B are two events such that P(A) = , P(B) = and P(A and B) = , find
(i) P(A or B), (ii) P(not A and not B)
22. A 5 digit number is formed by using the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 without repetition. The probability that the
number is divisible by 6 is
23. In throwing 3 dice, the probability that at least 2 of the three numbers obtained are same is
24. In throwing 3 dice, the probability that at least 2 of the three numbers obtained are same is
25. The chance that a 13 card combination from a pack of 53 playing cards is dealt to a player in a game of bridge,
in which 9 cards are of the same suit, is
26. If two of the 64 squares are chosen at random on a chess board, the probability that they have a side in
common is
27. Two red counters, three green counters and 4 blue counters are placed in a row in random order. The
probability that no two blue counters are adjacent is
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PROBABILITY-1
28. The probabilities that a student will receive A, B, C or D grade are 0.40, 0.35, 0.15 and 0.10 respectively. Find
the probability that a student will receive
(i) not an A grade (ii) B or C grade (iii) at most C grade
29. In a single throw of three dice, determine the probability of getting
(i) a total of 5 (ii) a total of at most 5 (iii) a total of at least 5.
30. A natural number x is randomly selected from the set of first 100 natural numbers. Find the probability that it
satisfies the inequality. X + > 50
31. 3 students A and B and C are in a swimming race. A and B have the same probability of winning and each is
twice as likely to win as C. Find the probability that B or C wins. Assume no two reach the winning point
simultaneously.
32. A box contains 7 tickets, numbered from 1 to 7 inclusive. If 3 tickets are drawn from the box, one at a time,
determine the probability that they are alternatively either odd-even-odd- or even-odd-even.
33. 5 different marbles are placed in 5 different boxes randomly. Find the probability that exactly two boxes
remain empty. Given each box can hold any number of marbles.
34. South African cricket captain lost the toss of a coin 13 times out of 14. The chance of this happening was
35. There are ten prizes, five A’s, three B’s and two C’s, placed in identical sealed envelopes for the top ten
contestants in a mathematics contest. The prizes are awarded by allowing winners to select an envelope at
random from those remaining. When the 8th contestant goes to select the prize, the probability that the
remaining three prizes are one A, one B and one C, is
36. Let A and B be two events. Suppose P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = p and P(A ∪ B)= 0.7. The value of p for which A and
B are independent is
37. A and B are two independent events such that P(𝐴̅) = 0.7, P(𝐵) = a and P(A ∪ B)= 0.8, then , a =
38. A pair of numbers is picked up randomly (without replacement) from the set {1,2,3,5,7,11,12,13,17,19}. The
probability that the numbers 11 was picked given that the sum of the numbers was even, is nearly
39. For biased die the probabilities for the different faces to turn up are given below
Faces: 1 2 3 4 5 6
Probabilities 0.10 0.32 0.21 0.15 0.05 0.17
The die is tossed and you are told that either face one or face two has turned up. Then the probability that it is
face one is
40. A determinant is chosen at random from the set of all determinants of order 2 with elements 0 or 1 only. The
probability that the determinant chosen has the value non negative is
41. An electrical system has open-closed switches S1,S2 and S3 as shown.
The switches operate independently of one another and the current will flow from A to B either if S1 is closed
of if both S2 and S3 are closed. If P(S1) = p(S2) = P(S3) = , find the probability that the circuit will work.
S1
A S2 S3 B
42. A certain team wins with probability 0.7, loses with probability 0.2 and ties with probability 0.1. The team
plays three games. Find the probability
(i) that the team wins at least two of the games but lose none.
(ii) that the team wins at least one of the games.
43. An integer is chosen at random from the first 200 positive integers. Find the probability that the integer is
divisible by 6 or 8.
44. Find the probability of at most two tails or at least two heads in a toss of three coins.
45. An unbiased cubic die marked with 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3 is rolled 3 times. The probability of getting a total score of 4
or 6 is
46. If a, b ∈ N then the probability that a2 + b2 is divisible by 5 is
47. In a certain game A’s skill is to be B,s as 3 to 2, find the chance of A winning 3 games at least out of 5.
48. A fair die is tossed repeatedly. A wins if it is 1 or 2 on two consecutive tosses and B wins if it is 3, 4, 5 or 6 on
two consecutive tosses. The probability that A wins if the die is tossed indefinitely, is
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PROBABILITY-1
49. A is one of the 6 horses entered for a race, and is to be ridden by one of two jockeys B or C. It is 2 to 1 that B
rides A, in which case all the horses are equally likely to win; if C rides A, his chance is trebled, what are the
odds against his winning .
50. In an examination, one hundred candidates took paper in Physics and Chemistry. Twenty five candidates
failed in Physics only. Twenty candidates failed in Chemistry only. Fifteen failed in both Physics and
Chemistry. A candidate is selected at random. The probability that he failed either in Physics or in Chemistry
but not in both is
Sheet No2
1. There are four machines and it is known that exactly two of them are faulty. They are tasted, one by one, in a
random order till both the faulty machines are identified. Then the probability that only two tests are needed
is.
2. A factory A produces 10% defective valves and another factory B produces 20% defective valves. A bag
contains 4 valves of factory A and 5 valves of factory B. if two valves are drawn at random from the bag, find
the probability that at least one valve is defective.
3. A and B are two independent events the probability that both occur simultaneously is 1/6 and the probability
that neither occurs is 1/3. Find the probability of occurrence of the events A and B separately.
4. A coin whose faces are marked 3 and 5 is tossed 4 times, what are the odds against the sum of the numbers
thrown being less than is 15.
5. The chance of an event happening is the square of the chance, of a second event but the odds against the
first are the cubes of the odds against the second. Find the chance of each.
6. A ten digit number is formed using the digits from zero to nine, every digit from zero to nine, every digit
being used exactly once. Find the probability that the number is divisible by 3.
7. If p and q are chosen randomly from the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} with replacement, determine the
probability that the roots of the equation x2 + p x + q =0 are real.
8. Four cards are drawn from a pack of 52 playing cards. find the probability of drawing exactly one pair.
9. A speaks truth in 75% cases, and B in 80% of the cases. In what % of cases are they likely to contradict each
other in stating the same fact.
10. An elevator starts with m passengers and stops at n floors (m ≤ n). The probability that no two passengers
alight at the same floor is.
11. Two integers r and s are drawn one at a time without replacement from the set 1, 2,…n. The value of p(r ≤ k
/ s ≤ k) = ?
12. There are 10 pairs of shoes in a cupboard, from which 4 shoes are picked at random. The probability that
there is at least one pair is ?
13. Four tickets marked 00, 01, 10, and 11 respectively, are placed in a bag. A ticket is drown at random five
times, being replaced each time the probability that the sum of the numbers on the ticket is 27 is ?
14. A and B toss a fair coin 50 times each simultaneously. The probability that both of them will not get tails at
the same toss is ?
15. If four squares are chosen at random on a chessboard, find the probability that they lie on a diagonal line
16. If A and B are two events such that P(A) > 0 and P(A) + P(B) > 1, then prove that P(B/A) ≥ 1 – P(B’) / P(A)
17. If A and B are two mutually exclusive events, then P(A) ≤ P(B’)
18. Prove that P(A ∪ B ∪ c) ≤ P(A) + P(B) + P(C)
19. If P(A/B’) ≥ P(A) then Show that P(A) ≥ P(A/B)
20. if X follows a binomial distribution with parameters n=6 and P, and 9P(x=4) = P(x=2) then P=?
22. In figure a rectangular grid of roads is there you want to walk along the roads from A to B using as short a
route as possible (one such route is shown). How many different such roots are there.
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PROBABILITY-1
23. A letter is known to have come from either TATANAGAR or CALCUTTA. On the envelope, just two consecutive
letters, TA are visible. The probability that the letter has come from CALCUTTA is.
24. Three integers are chosen at random without replacement from the first 20 integers. The probability that
their product is even is.
25. A five digit number is formed by using the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 without repetition. The probability that the
no. is divisible by 6 is.
26. Fifteen persons, among whom are A and B, sit down at random at a round table. The probability that there
are 4 persons between A and B is.
Answer Sheet
Sheet No.1
1. 19/100 2. 1/2 3 .7/33 4. p = √11 – 3
5. 4/9 6. 9/19 7. 1/56 8. 3/8
9. 2197/20825 11. 2/7 12. 3/5 13. 2/3
14. ½ 15. 1/5 and 1/10 16. 3/4 and ¼
17. (i)0.18 (ii)0.12 (iii)0.42 (iv)0.28 (v)0.72
18. (i)7/13 (ii)1/2 (iii)2/13 (iv)2/13 (v)1/2 (vi)9/13
19. 2/3
20. (i)1/18 (ii) 43/90 (iii) 5/18 (iv) no
21. (i)5/8 (ii) 3/8
4.13 C 9 .39 C 4
22. 18/100 23. 4/9 24. 16/33 25. 52
C13
26. 1/18 27. 5/42
28. (i) 6/10 (ii) 5/10 (iii) 1/4
29. (i) 1/36 (ii) 5/108 (iii) 53/54
30. 11/20 31. 3/5 32. 2/7
13
33. 12/25 34. 7/2 35. 1/4
36. 1/2 37. 2/7 38. 6/25 39. 5/21
40. 13/16 41. 5/8
42. (i)0.49 (ii) 0.973
43. 1/4 44. 7/8 45. 50/216 46. 9/25
47. 2133/3125 48. 5/21 49. 13 to 5 50. 9/20
Sheet No.2
1. 1/6 3. 1/3,1/2 4. 5/16 5. 1/3,1/9
13 4 48 44 52
6. 20/81 7. 62/100 8. C1 C 2 C1 C1 / C 4 9. 35/100
20.18.16.14
10. ( nC m / n m ) 11. k-1/n-1 12. 1- 13. 0
20.19.18.17
2( C 4 2( C 4 C 4 C 4 C 4 ))
8 7 6 5 4
14. (3 / 4) 50 15. 64
20. ¼
C4
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PROBABILITY-1
10
22. C4 23. 1/3 24. 17/19 25. 9/50
26. 1/7
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