Software Application Laboratory Manual

MODULE-1
STAAD.Pro V8i
Introduction
STAAD.Pro is the leading Structural Analysis and Design and Programming software from
Bentley. STAAD.Pro is the professional’s choice for steel, concrete, timber, aluminum and
cold-formed steel design of virtually any structure including culverts, petrochemical plants,
tunnels, bridges, piles and much more. The “i” in the V8i version stands for: intuitive,
interactive, intrinsic, incredible, and interoperable.
It has a user-friendly GUI, visualization tools, powerful analysis and design facilities
and seamless integration to several other modeling and design software products. The
software is fully compatible with all Windows operating systems but is optimized for
Windows XP.
For static or dynamic analysis of bridges, containment structures, embedded structures
(tunnels and culverts), pipe racks, steel, concrete, aluminum or timber buildings, transmission
towers, stadiums or any other simple or complex structure, STAAD.Pro has been the choice
of design professionals around the world for their specific analysis needs.

Creating the Model using the Graphical User Interface

In order to generate the model graphically, we have to familiarize ourselves with the
components of the STAAD.Pro screen.

The screen has five major elements as described below:

Menu Bar

Located at the top of the screen, the Menu bar gives access to all the facilities of STAAD.Pro.

Tool Bar

The dock able Toolbar gives access to the most frequently used commands. You may also
create your own customized toolbar.

Main Window

This is the largest area at the center of the screen, where the model drawings and results are
displayed in pictorial form.

Page Control

The Page Control is a set of tabs that appear on the left-most part of the screen. Each tab on
the Page Control allows you to perform specific tasks. The organization of the Pages, from

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top to bottom, represents the logical sequence of operations, such as, definition of beams,
specification of member properties, loading, and so on.

Each tab has a name and an icon for easy identification. The name on the tabs may or
may not appear depending on your screen resolution and the size of the STAAD.Pro window.
However, the icons on the Page Control tabs always appear.

The Pages in the Page Control area depend on the Mode of operation. The Mode of
operation may be set from the Mode menu from the Menu bar.

Data Area

The right side of the screen is called the Data Area, where different dialog boxes, tables, list
boxes, etc. appear depending on the type of operation you are performing. For example, when
you select the Geometry | Beam Page, the Data Area contains the Node-Coordinate table and
the Member-incidence table. When you are in the Load Page, the contents of the Data Area
changes to display the currently assigned Load cases and the icons for different types of
loads.

The icons in the toolbar as well as in the Page Control area offer ToolTip help. As we
move the mouse pointer over a button, the name of the button – called a ToolTip – appears
above or below the button. This floating Tool tip help will identify the icon. A brief
description of the icon also appears in the status bar.

Fig -17

Fig -1

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Coordinate Systems

STAAD uses two types of coordinate systems to define the structure geometry and loading
patterns.

The GLOBAL coordinate system is an arbitrary coordinate system in space, which is used to
specify the overall geometry and loading pattern of the structure.

A LOCAL coordinate system is associated with each member (or element) and is used in
MEMBER END FORCE output or local load specification.

Global Coordinate System

In this we can use a rectangular coordinate system (X, Y, Z) which follows the orthogonal
right-hand rule. This coordinate system may be used to define the joint locations and loading
directions. The translational degrees of freedom are denoted by u1, u2, u3 and the rotational
degrees of freedom are denoted by u4, u5 and u6.

Fig-2

Local Coordinate System

A local coordinate system is associated with each member. Each axis of the local orthogonal
coordinate system is also based on the right hand rule. Fig. 1.5 shows a beam member with
start joint 'i' and end joint 'j'. The positive direction of the local x-axis is determined by
joining 'i' to 'j' and projecting it in the same direction. The right hand rule may be applied to
obtain the positive directions of the local y and z axes. The local y and z-axes coincide with
the axes of the two principal moments of inertia. Note that the local coordinate system is
always rectangular.

A wide range of cross-sectional shapes may be specified for analysis. These include
rolled steel shapes; user specified prismatic shapes etc...

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Method of Analysis

STAAD.pro incorporates the Displacement Matrix method. The software has major
four steps:

 Model Generation
 Pre-processing
 Post-processing
 Design

The steps involved in using the STAAD.Pro is shown in Flowchart

Input Geometry with or without using Wizard

Assign required Material, Properties and Support conditions to all members

Input loads on nodes/members

Specify analysis type and output format

Run Analysis

View Output Files/post processing

Design Concrete/Steel/Timber/Composite

General Procedure

 Open STAAD.Pro
 Click on New project.
 Select Plane->Type File name and location of file->Select length and force units-
>Add beam->Next->Finish.
 Click on Geometry tab and Beam tab.
 Click on the snap node and click the points on the grid to draw the beam and click
again snap node to exit.
 Click on general tab.
 Click on material tab to get material dialog box->Select required material and assign
it to the model.
 Click on property tab->Click on define to get property dialog box->Select required
shape and enter the values and Add, close and assign it to the model.
 Click on Support tab and then on create, depending on the type of support, select
fixed or pinned and add and assign it to the model.

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 Click on Load tab and select Load cases and click on add to get the primary load case
dialog box.
 Click on New to get the create dialog box and click on load items-Member load.
 Click on Uniform Force (udl), concentrated force etc... and enter the relevant values.
‘W’ should be entered as –ve and assign to the model.
 Go to command in menu bar, select Post-Analysis print, in that choose member forces
and support reactions.
 Click on Analysis/Print, add perform analysis.
 Go to Analyze in menu bar and select Run Analysis (Ctrl F5).
 Click on the View Output file and Click on Done.
 View the Output File.
 Select Post processing mode and select required result like BMD or SFD.
 Select view value from result menu and click on beam result value and select
respective result for viewing.

Exercise- 1: Analysis of SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM with uniformly distributed load as

shown in Figure-1 using Staad pro software.

Fig. -1

Results

Bending Moment Diagram

Shear Force Diagram

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Exercise- 2: Analysis of SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM with central point load as shown in
Figure-2 using Staad pro software.

Fig. -2

Results

Bending Moment Diagram

Shear Force Diagram

Exercise- 3: Aim analysis the FIXED SUPPORTED BEAM with concentrated load as shown in
Figure-3 using Staad pro software.

Fig. -3

Bending Moment Diagram

Shear Force Diagram

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Exercise- 4: Analysis of CONTINUOUS BEAM as shown in Figure-4 using Staad pro software.

Fig. -4

Results

Bending Moment Diagram

Shear Force Diagram

Exercise- 5: Analyse a FRAME with UDL as shown in Figure-5 using Staad pro software.

Fig -5

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Results

Bending Moment Diagram Shear Force Diagram

Exercise- 6: Analyse a FRAME with lateral load as shown in Figure-6 using Staad pro
software.

Fig. -6

Results

Bending Moment Diagram

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Shear Force Diagram

Exercise- 7: Analyse the MULTI STOREY FRAME as shown in Figure-7 using Staad pro
software.

Fig.-7

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Bending Moment Diagram

Shear Force Diagram

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Exercise- 8: Analyse the TRUSS as shown in Figure-8 using Staad pro software.

Fig. -8

Results

BROWN COLOUR – COMPRESSION

BLUE – TENSION

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MODULE-2
Project Management
Microsoft Project is a project management software program developed and sold by
Microsoft, designed to assist a project manager in developing a schedule, assigning resources
to tasks, tracking progress, managing the budget, and analyzing workloads.
Project creates budgets based on assignment work and resource rates. As resources are
assigned to tasks and assignment work estimated, the program calculates the cost, equal to the
work times the rate, which rolls up to the task level and then to any summary task, and finally
to the project level.
Each resource can have its own calendar, which defines what days and shifts a resource is
available. Microsoft Project is not suitable for solving problems of available materials
(resources) constrained production. Additional software is necessary to manage a complex
facility that produces physical goods.

Microsoft Project Software

MS Project is feature rich, but project management techniques are required to drive a project
effectively. A lot of project managers get confused between a schedule and a plan. MS
Project can help you in creating a Schedule for the project even with the provided constraints.
It cannot Plan for you. As a project manager you should be able to answer the following
specific questions as part of the planning process to develop a schedule. MS Project cannot
answer these for you.
• What tasks need to be performed to create the deliverables of the project and in what
order? This relates to the scope of the project.
• What are the time constraints and deadlines if any, for different tasks and for the
project as a whole? This relates to the schedule of the project.
• What kind of resources (man/machine/material) are needed to perform each task?
• How much will each task cost to accomplish? This would relate to the cost of the
project.
• What kind of risk do we have associated with a particular schedule for the project?
This might affect the scope, cost and time constraints of your project.
Strictly speaking, from the perspective of Project Management Methodology, a Plan and
Schedule are not the same. A plan is a detailed action-oriented, experience and knowledge-
based exercise which considers all elements of strategy, scope, cost, time, resources, quality
and risk for the project.
Scheduling is the science of using mathematical calculations and logic to generate time-
effective sequence of task considering any resource and cost constraints. Schedule is part of
the Plan. In Project Management Methodology, schedule would only mean listing of a
project's milestones, tasks/activities, and deliverables, with start and finish dates. Of course
the schedule is linked with resources, budgets and dependencies.
However, in this tutorial for MS Project (and in all available help for MS Project) the word
‘Plan’ is used as a ‘Schedule’ being created in MS Project. This is because of two reasons.
One, MS Project does more than just create a schedule it can establish dependencies among
tasks, it can create constraints, it can resolve resource conflicts, and it can also help in
reviewing cost and schedule performance over the duration of the project. So it does help in

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more than just creating a Schedule. This it makes sense for Microsoft to market MS Project
as a Plan Creator rather than over-simplifying it as just a schedule creator.
Two, it is due to limitation of generally accepted form of English language, where a schedule
can be both in a noun as well as verb form. As a noun, a Schedule is like a time table or a
series of things to be done or of events to occur at or during a particular time or period. And
in the verb form, schedule is to plan for a certain date. Therefore it is much easier to say that,
“One can schedule a plan from a start date” but very awkward to say, “One can schedule a
schedule from a start date”. The distinction is important for you as a project manager, but as
far as MS project is concerned the noun form of Schedule is a Plan.
Of course, a project manager should also be able to answer other project-related questions as
well. For example:
• Why this project needs to be run by the organization?
• What’s the best way to communicate project details to the stakeholders?
• What is the risk management plan?
• How the vendors are going to be managed?
• How the project is tracked and monitored?
• How the quality is measured and qualified?

MS Project can help you:

• Visualize your project plan in standard defined formats.
• Schedule tasks and resources consistently and effectively.
• Track information about the work, duration, and resource requirements for your
project.
• Generate reports to share in progress meetings.

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Problems
1) Determine the critical path for the given activities in the table below and calculate the
earliest project completion time. Assume that the project starts at zero time. Draw the A-O-A
diagram. Use MS Project Software.
Activity Duration (weeks) Predecessor
A 8 --
B 12 A
C 18 A
D 4 A
E 6 B
F 20 C
G 4 D,E
H 16 B
I 8 F
J 6 G,H,I

2) For the given relationship between activities and their duration

a) Draw a network diagram
b) Determine the critical path using CPM
c) Represent the same in Gantt View using MSP
Activity Duration (days) Predecessor
A 10 --
B 11 --
C 9 A
D 12 A
E 6 B
F 6 B
G 7 E
H 8 C,G
I 10 C,G
J 6 F,H
K 14 D,I,J

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3) A small project has 12 activities – A,B,C,D,……,L. The relationship among these

activities is given in the network shown below. The three estimates of duration for each of
these activities are given in the table below.
a) Draw an activity on node (A-O-N) network for the project.
b) Calculate the minimum expected completed time for the project.
c) Represent the same in Gantt View.
D
A L
E H
B I

C F J K
G

Activity Optimistic Most Likely Pessimistic

A 2 3 4
B 5 6 7
C 5 6 7
D 3 4 5
E 2 3 4
F 3 4 5
G 8 10 18
H 5 6 7
I 7 11 15
J 2 3 4
K 3 4 5
L 7 11 15

4) A construction company engaged in undertaking small projects has recently been awarded
a project. The project activities and the estimated time for their completion are listed below,
along with the information on immediate predecessors.
a) Construct a network for the project.
b) Determine the critical path and the project completion time.

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Duration (days)
Activity Predecessor
to tm tp
A 8 10 12 --
B 6 7 9 --
C 3 3 4 --
D 10 20 30 A
E 6 7 8 C
F 9 10 11 B,D,E
G 6 7 10 B,D,E
H 14 15 16 F
I 10 11 13 F
J 6 7 8 G,H
K 4 7 8 I,H
L 1 2 4 G,H

5) For the given relationship between the activities

a) Draw the A-O-N Network diagram.
b) Allocate the resources (Desired for the project/activity) and determine the duration and
cost of the project using MSP.
c) Consider completion of activity K as a milestone event.
• Activity A,B & C start concurrently
• Activity D& E can start only when A is completed
• Activity F,G,H depend on the completion of E & C
• Activity I can begin only when B & D are completed
• Activity J follow F
• Activity K is the last activity which can start only when I,J,G & H are completed

Activity Duration (days)

A 4
B 6
C 8
D 7
E 5
F 4
G 3
H 2
I 8
J 7
K 9

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6) For the given relationship between activities, their duration and data concerning manpower
requirements:
a) Draw a network diagram and determine the critical path.
b) Represent the same in Gantt View using MSP.
c) Allocate manpower resources for the job and carry out resource levelling.
Labourers (L) /
Activity Duration (days) Predecessor
Carpenters (C)
A 2 -- 4L
B 4 A 2 C, 2 L
C 4 A 4C
D 4 A 2L
E 7 C 6C
F 5 D 2L
G 2 E 4C
H 2 G 4 C, 2 L
I 2 C 2 C, 2 L
J 4 B 2C
K 3 H,I,J 2L
L 5 F 4L
M 5 K,L 4L

7) You have to construct a building to set up your office. You own a plot of 100 sq. yards
(30’x30’) in a prime location. For the time being, you are in position to construct ground
floor alone due to financial constraints. So, you have decided to construct a simple RC
structure. It consists of individual footing for 16 columns (columns are spaced every 10 feet
in both directions) and a plinth beam at about 1m from the existing road level. All the
columns are going up to roof level, and you plan to have an RC roof slab and beam. The in-
between space is constructed by using locally available bricks. There is earth filling up to
plinth level, and after proper compaction of filled-up earth, flooring is laid. Other activities
include plastering, painting, doors and windows, plumbing and electrical work. For your
ready reference, the estimated duration for individual activities and their interdependence are
listed below. How much time will it take to construct the building?

Duration
Activity Activity Description Depends upon
(days)
1 Site Clearance 2 --
2 Excavation in foundations 6 1
3 Foundations including plinth beam 10 2
4 Column casting up to roof level 10 3

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5 Slab and beam of roof 21 4

6 Earth filling and flooring 10 5FS + 10d
7 Brickwork 10 5FS + 7d
8 Doors / Windows 3 7FF
9 Plastering 10 7SS + 7d
10 Painting 7 9SS + 7d
11 Plumbing 7 7FF + 3d
12 Electrical works 7 11SS
13 Handover 1 10,11,12

In the above table,

FS represents ‘finish to start’ relationship
SS represents ‘start to start’ relationship
FF represents ‘finish to finish’ relationship
5FS + 10d means the activity in question can start 10 days after activity No. 5 has been
finished.

8) In a project, there are nine activities (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I). In the accompanying
table, the duration to complete these activities, their dependence (predecessor), and the
relationship among the activities are given. Also, given is the total float of some activities.
a) Sketch the activity network and calculate ES and EF for every activity.
b) Identify the critical path.
c) Calculate the LS and LF for every activity.
d) What will be the project duration if activity D takes 18 weeks to complete instead of 14
weeks?
e) Will the critical path change?

Activity Duration (weeks) Predecessor Type of relationship

A 7 --
B 9 --
C 12 --
D 14 A FF = 7
B FS = 2
C SS = 8
E 11 D FS = 0
F 17 D SS = 11
G 13 E FS = 0
H 6 E FS = 3
F FS = 0
I 5 F SS = 12

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MODULE-3
Excel Programming
Exercise 1: Design the Singly reinforced beam with the following data.

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Exercise 2: Design the Doubly reinforced beam with the following data.

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Exercise 3: Design the Two way slab with the following data.

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Exercise 5: Calculation of Shear force (SF) and bending moment (BM) for Simply
supported beam subjected to uniformly distributed load acting throughout the span
with the following data.

50 SFD
Length(L) 5 m
Load(W) 10 kN/m

SF (kN)
0
Ra 25 kN SFD
0 1 2 3 4 5
Rb 25 kN
-50 DISTANCE (m)
Distance SF(kN) BM(kN-m)
0 25 0 40 BMD
0.5 20 11.25
30

BM(kNm)
1 15 20
1.5 10 26.25 20
2 5 30
10 BMD
2.5 0 31.25
3 -5 30 0
3.5 -10 26.25 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 -15 20 DISTANCE (m)
4.5 -20 11.25
5 -25 0

Exercise 6: Calculation of Shear force (SF) and Bending moment (BM) for Simply
supported beam subjected to uniformly varying load acting throughout the span with
the following data.

Length(L) 5 m
Load(W) 10 kN/m
Ra 8.33 kN
Rb 16.67 kN
Distance SF(kN) BM(kN-m)
0 8.33 0.00
0.5 8.08 4.13
1 7.33 8.00
1.5 6.08 11.38
2 4.33 14.00
2.5 2.08 15.63
3 -0.67 16.00
3.5 -3.92 14.88
4 -7.67 12.00
4.5 -11.92 7.13
5 -16.67 0.00

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Exercise 7: Calculation of Shear force (SF) and Bending moment (BM) for Cantilever
beam subjected to uniformly distributed load acting throughout the span with the
following data.

Length(L) 5 m
Load(W) 10 kN/m
Ra 50 kN
Distance SF(kN) BM(kN-m)
0 0.00 0.00
0.5 5.00 -1.25
1 10.00 -5
1.5 15.00 -11.25
2 20.00 -20
2.5 25.00 -31.25
3 30.00 -45
3.5 35.00 -61.25
4 40.00 -80
4.5 45.00 -101.25
5 50.00 -125

Exercise 8: Calculation of Shear force (SF) and Bending moment (BM) for Cantilever
beam subjected to uniformly varying load acting throughout the span with the following
data.

Length(L) 5 m
Load(W) 10 kN/m
Ra 25 kN
Distance SF(kN) BM(kN-m)
0 0.00 0.00
0.5 0.25 -0.04
1 1.00 -0.33
1.5 2.25 -1.13
2 4.00 -2.67
2.5 6.25 -5.21
3 9.00 -9.00
3.5 12.25 -14.29
4 16.00 -21.33
4.5 20.25 -30.38
5 25.00 -41.67

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Exercise 9: Design the horizontal curve by offset method using Excel spread sheet for
the following data.

Following are some of the linear methods for setting out simple circular curves.
 By Ordinates or Offsets from the long chord
 By successive bisections of arcs
 By offset from the tangent
 By offsets from chords produced

Design of horizontal curve by offset method

Horizontal curves are generally used in highways and where it is necessary to change the direction of
motion. A curve may be circular, parabolic etc., and it is always tangential in two straight directions.

Offset Method
If the deflection angle and the radius of curvature are small, the curve can be set out by offset from the
tangent. It is of two types
i) Radius offset
ii) Perpendicular offset

Oo = R-√ (R2-(L/2)2)…..(1)

Ox = √ (R2-x2)- (R- Oo)…..(2)

Substituting (1) in (2),

Ox = √ (R2-x2)-√ (R2-(L/2)2)
Where,
R=Radius of the curve.
Oo=mid ordinate.
Ox=ordinate distance ‘x’ from the midpoint of the chord.
L=Length of long chord actually measured on the ground.
Problem:
Design a horizontal curve by offset method for the data given below
Length of long chord (L) = 60m
Horizontal Curve
Radius of curve(R) = 180m 3
Take intervals for the ordinate x=7.5m
2
Ordinate (m)

Ordinates = √ (R2-x2)-√ (R2-(L/2)2)

Horizontal Curve
For x= -30m 1

Ordinates = √ (1802-(-30)2)-√ (1802-(60/2)2) 0

-40 -20 0 20 40
=0
Distance (m)
For x= -22.5m
Ordinates = √ (1802-(-22.5)2)-√ (1802-(60/2)2)
= 1.106

Distance (m) -30 -22.50 -15 -7.50 0 7.50 15 22.50 30

Ordinates (m) 0 1.106 1.892 2.361 2.518 2.361 1.892 1.106 0

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Exercise 10: Design of super elevation using Excel spread sheet for the following data.

 Super elevation (e)

In order to counteract the effect of the centrifugal forces and to reduce the tendency of
vehicle to overturn or skid, the outer edge of the pavement thus providing a transverse slope
throughout the length of horizontal curve. Thus transverse inclination of the pavement
surface is known as super elevation and is given by,
e = V2/225R
where,
V=Design speed in kmph.
R=Radius of curve in metre.
If e> 0.07 take e=0.07

 Extra Widening (We)

We= W e1+ W e2

Extra widening=Mechanical Widening + Psychological Widening

We1= nL2 /2R + V/ (9.5√R)

where,
n=number of lanes.
L=length of wheel base of longest vehicle in meter. (The value of L may normally be
taken as 6.1m or 6.0m for commercial vehicles if not known)
V=Design speed in kmph.
R=Radius of horizontal curve.

 Total Width of pavement (B)

B= Normal pavement width + We

= W+ We

 Length of transition curve (Ls)

i) Length of transition curve Ls as per allowable rate of centrifugal acceleration C:

Ls1=0.0215V3/CR

C=80/75+V, m/sec3 (0.5<C<0.8)

ii) Ls by allowable rate of introduction of Super elevation:

e=V2/225R If e>0.07 then take, e=0.07

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• Raise of outer edge of pavement with respect to centre line (E)

Ls2=EN/2
Where, E=eB

• If the pavement is rotated about inner edge

Ls2=EN
Where, E=eB

iii) Minimum value of Ls as per IRC:

• For Plain and Rolling terrain

Ls3=2.7V2/R

• For mountainous and Steep terrain

Ls3=V2/R

Adopt, Ls= Maximum value obtained from (i),(ii) and (iii).

Problem:
Compute the super elevation, extra widening and length of transition curve for the
follow data given below
Radius of curve (R) = 229m
Design speed = 80m/s
No. of lanes (n) = 2
Pavement width (W) = 10m
Allowable rate of introduction of super elevation (LS) = 150
Wheel base (L) = 6m
Solution:
1. Super elevation (e) = V2/225R
= 802/225 x 229
= 0.124

If e > 0.07 take e = 0.07

2. Extra widening:
We = We1+ We2
We1 = nL2 /2R
= 2x62/ 2x229
= 0.157m

We2 = V/ (9.5√R)

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= 80/ (9.5√229)
= 0.556m

We = We1+ We2
= 0.157+ 0.556
= 0.713m

3. Total width of pavement B = W + We

= 10+ 0.713
= 10.713
The allowable rate of change of centrifugal acceleration

4. Length of transition curve:

i. Ls as per allowable rate of centrifugal acceleration:
C = 80/ (75+V)
= 80/ (75+80)
= 0.516
Ls1 = 0.0215xV3/ (exR)
= 0.0215x803/ (0.516x229)
= 93.135m

ii. Ls by allowable rate of introduction of Super elevation:

Se = Bxe
= 10.713x0.07
= 0.75
Ls2 = SexK/2
= 0.75x150/2
= 56.25m
iii. Minimum value of Ls as per IRC:
Ls3 = 2.7V2/R
= 2.7x802/229
= 75.46m

Ls = Max value of [Ls1, Ls2, Ls3]

Ls = 93.135m

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Exercise 11: Calculation of Earth work quantity by using Excel spread sheet.
Estimation of Earthwork for a portion of road for 1200m from the following data
Formation width (B)= 10 m
Slope in Banking = 2
Slope in Cutting = 1.5
Gradient of the road=1 in 300 0.003333
upward

121.00
Earthwork Quantity
120.00

119.00

118.00
RL

117.00 RL of GL
RL of FL
116.00

115.00

114.00
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Distance(m)

Department of Civil Engineering, MIT Mysore 29

 Software Application Laboratory Manual

Viva Questions

1. STAAD Pro software belongs to which company?

2. What is the full form of STAAD Pro?
3. What is the file extension of STAAD Pro software?
4. What do you mean by Pre processing?
5. What do you mean by Post processing?
6. How do you create different supports in STAAD Pro?
7. In which mode the results can be visualized?
8. How do you debug errors and warnings?
9. What are the different types of cursor available in STAAD Pro?
10. What is the procedure for application of loads in STAAD Pro?
11. What is the file extension of MS Excel?
12. How can you wrap the text within a cell?
13. How do you initiate a calculation/Formula in MS Excel?
14. What is IF function in MS Excel?
15. What is the shortcut key to highlight the entire column?
16. How do you rearrange the data in ascending or descending order?
17. Mention where is “summary task” in MS project?
18. Explain what is a constraint in MS project? What are the types of constraint available
in MS project 2013?
19. Mention what are the characteristics of Gantt Chart Basics?
20. Explain how you can format a Gantt chart on MS project?
21. Define Remote Sensing?
22. What is A Geographic Information System?
23. What is Geo-referencing?
24. List the Main Components Of Gis.
25. What are applications of ArcGIS Desktop?

Department of Civil Engineering, MIT Mysore 30