Class 9 Maths - Chapter 1: Number Systems (Complete Notes)
Complete Notes:
1. Types of Numbers:
- Natural Numbers (N): 1, 2, 3, ...
- Whole Numbers (W): 0, 1, 2, ...
- Integers (Z): ..., -2, -1, 0, 1, ...
- Rational Numbers (Q): Can be expressed as p/q, where q is not equal to 0
- Irrational Numbers: Cannot be expressed as p/q (e.g., sqrt(2), pi)
- Real Numbers (R): Rational + Irrational Numbers
2. Decimal Expansions:
- Terminating: 0.5, 1.25
- Non-terminating, Repeating: 0.666... = 2/3
- Non-terminating, Non-repeating: Irrational (sqrt(2), pi)
3. Number Line and Spiral Method:
- sqrt(2) is found using right triangle: sides 1 unit, hypotenuse sqrt(2)
- Spiral method continues this to plot sqrt(3), sqrt(4), etc.
4. Laws of Exponents:
- a^m * a^n = a^(m+n)
- a^m / a^n = a^(m-n)
- (a^m)^n = a^(m*n)
- (ab)^m = a^m * b^m
- a^0 = 1 (a not equal to 0)
- a^(-m) = 1 / a^m
Examples:
sqrt(2) = 2^(1/2), cube root of 3 = 3^(1/3)
Class 9 Maths - Chapter 1: Number Systems (Complete Notes)
5. Properties of Real Numbers:
- Infinite rational and irrational numbers exist between any two real numbers.
- Rational + Irrational = Irrational (usually)
- Real numbers are closed under addition, subtraction, multiplication, division (except by zero).
6. Quick Tricks:
- sqrt(4) = 2 -> Rational
- sqrt(2) = Irrational
- 0.666... = 2/3 -> Rational
- 0.1010010001... = Irrational
7. Practice Conversions:
- 0.777... = 7/9
- Represent sqrt(5) on number line using Pythagorean triangle
