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Basic Algebra Formulas with Examples

The document provides basic algebra formulas known as identities that simplify calculations, including the square of a sum, square of a difference, difference of squares, cube of a sum, and cube of a difference. Each formula is verified with step-by-step examples, demonstrating their application in algebraic expressions. These identities are essential for efficiently solving algebra problems, particularly in factorization and expansion.

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Muhammad Saeed joyia Joyia
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375 views5 pages

Basic Algebra Formulas with Examples

The document provides basic algebra formulas known as identities that simplify calculations, including the square of a sum, square of a difference, difference of squares, cube of a sum, and cube of a difference. Each formula is verified with step-by-step examples, demonstrating their application in algebraic expressions. These identities are essential for efficiently solving algebra problems, particularly in factorization and expansion.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Saeed joyia Joyia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

University of Sargodha

(Mathematics)
Basic Algebra Formulas(Verification) with Examples
Algebra has some special formulas, called “identities”, that make long
calculations easy. By using them, we can expand or factor expressions
quickly without full multiplication.
Basic Algebra Formulas:
(a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²
(a − b)² = a² − 2ab + b²
a2- b2 = (a - b)(a + b)
(a + b)3 = 23 + b3 + 3ab(a + b)
(a - b)3 = a3 - b3 - 3ab(a - b)
1. Square of a Sum
(a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²
Verification:
(a + b)² = (a+b)(a+b)
= a2 +ab+ab+b2
Hence Prove

(a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²

Example:1
(x + 7)² = x² + 14x + 49
Verification:
(x + 7)² = (x+7)(x+7)
= x²+7x+7x+49
(x + 7)² = x²+14x+49
2. Square of a Difference

(a − b)² = a² − 2ab + b²
Verification:
(a − b)² = (a − b) (a – b)
= a² -ab-ab+ b²
Hence Prove

(a − b)² = a² − 2ab + b²
Example:2
(y − 9)² = y² − 18y + 81
Verification:
(y − 9)2 =(y − 9) (y − 9)
= y² - 9y - 9y + 81
(y − 9)² = y² − 18y + 81
3. Difference of Squares
a2- b2 = (a - b)(a + b)
Verification:
= a2 +ab - ab - b2
= a(a+b)- b(a+b)
Hence Prove

a2- b2 = (a - b)(a + b)

Example:3
a2-625 = (a-25)(a+25)
= a2 – (25)2
= (a-25)(a+25)
= a2 +25a – 25a - 625
= a(a+25)-25(a+25)
=(a-25)(a+25)

4. Cube of a Sum

(a + b)3 = 23 + b3 + 3ab(a + b)
Verification:
=(a+b)(a+b)(a+b)

First, the product of the first two terms is found:

(a+b)(a+b)=a2+ab+ab+b2

=a2+2ab+b2

Next, this result is multiplied by the remaining:

=(𝑎2+2𝑎𝑏+𝑏2)(𝑎+𝑏)

=a(a2+2ab+b2)+b(a2+2ab+b2)

=a3+2a2b+ab2+a2b+2ab2+b3

=𝑎3+2𝑎2𝑏+𝑎𝑏2+𝑎2𝑏+2𝑎𝑏2+𝑏3

=a3+(2a2b+a2b)+(ab2+2ab2)+b3

=a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3

=𝑎3+3𝑎2𝑏+3𝑎𝑏2+𝑏3
(a+b)3= a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3

Hence Prove

(𝑎+𝑏)3=𝑎3+3𝑎2𝑏+3𝑎𝑏2+𝑏3

Example:4
(2p + 3q)3 = 8p3+36p2q+54pq2+27q3
Verification:
= (2p+3q)(2p+3q)(2p+3q)
(2p+3q)(2p+3q) = (2p)2+2(2p)(3q)+(3q)2
= 4p2+12pq+9q2
= (2p+3q)( 4p2+12pq+9q2)
=
8p +(12p q+24p q)+(36pq +18pq )+27q3
3 2 2 2 2

=8p3+36p2q+54pq2+27q3
(2p+3q)3 =8p3+36p2q+54pq2+27q3

5. Cube of a Difference
(a - b)3 = a3 - b3 - 3ab(a - b)
Verification:

First, the product of the first two terms is found:

(a-b)(a-b)=a2-ab-ba+b2

=a2-2ab+b2

Next, this result is multiplied by the remaining

=(𝑎2-2𝑎𝑏+𝑏2)(𝑎-𝑏)
=a(a2-2ab+b2)-b(a2-2ab-b2)

=a3-2a2b+ab2-a2b+2ab2-b3

(𝑎-𝑏)3 =a3-3a2b+3ab2-b3
Hence Prove

(𝑎-𝑏)3 =a3-b3 -3ab(a-b)

Example:5
(x-2y)3 =x3-8y3-6x2y+12xy2
Verification:
=(x-2y)(x-2y)(x-2y)
(x-2y)(x-2y) =x2-2xy-2xy+4y2
=x2-4xy+4y2
=(x-2y)(x2-4xy+4y2)
=x(x2-4xy+4y2)-2y( x2-4xy+4y2)
=x3-4x2y+4xy2-2x2y+8xy2-8y3
=x3-6x2y+12xy2-8y3
(x-2y)3 =x3-8y3-6x2y+12xy2
These formulas are very useful for solving algebra problems quickly,
especially when working with large numbers or factorization.

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