mUJHE permutation, combination and probability
ke sare formulas with condtion do
jo iitm BS degree ke Stats 1 ke week 8 tak syallbus me hai
बहुत बढ़िया भाई !
IITM BS Stats-1 (Week 8 तक) में Permutation, Combination, और Probability के सबसे ज़रूरी formulas और
उनकी conditions — तुम्हें एक ही जगह क्लासिक नोट्स-style में नीचे मिलेंगे।
(ये पूरा syllabus-covering है — exam/quiz के लिए perfect ready-reference)
1️⃣ PERMUTATION (क् रमचय)
A. n अलग-अलग objects को r places पर arrange करना (NO repetition):
Formula:
Condition: All objects distinct, कोई भी चीज़ दोहराए नहीं, और order matters।
B. r places, n options, repetition allowed:
Formula:
Condition: हर जगह पर कोई भी चीज़ कितनी भी बार आ सकती है (e.g. passwords, MCQ sheets)
C. कु छ objects identical हों ("LIKE" objects):
Formula:
Condition: p, q, ... जैसे repeated/identical objects की संख्या है
(e.g., "BANANA": 6 letters, 3 A's, 2 N's, 1 B)
D. Circular (Round-table) permutations:
Formula:
Condition: n objects को round table पर arrange करना (सीट घुमाने से order repeat न हो)
2️⃣ COMBINATION (समुच्चय)
A. n distinct objects में से r को के वल चुनना (NO repetition/order doesn’t matter):
Formula:
Condition: Order की कोई अहमियत नहीं, सिर्फ group/selection बनाना है
B. Combination with repetition (unlimited supply):
Formula:
Condition: n types की चीज़ है, r चुननी है; एक type की कितनी भी ले सकते हो ("stars and bars"
problems)
3️⃣ PROBABILITY
A. Classical probability:
Condition: सभी outcomes equally likely हों
B. Complement Rule:
Condition: जब "at least"/"at most" type की probability निकालनी हो
C. Addition Rule (Mutually Exclusive Events):
Condition: A और B कभी एक साथ नहीं हो सकते (disjoint/mutually exclusive)
D. Addition Rule (Non-mutually exclusive Events):
Condition: A और B दोनों साथ भी हो सकते हैं
E. Multiplication Rule (Independent Events):
Condition: Events independent हों (एक-दूसरे पर dependent न हो)
F. Multiplication Rule (Dependent Events):
Condition: A के होने पर B की probability अलग (conditional)
G. Conditional Probability:
Condition: Event B के हो जाने के बाद A का chance
H. Bayes’ Theorem:
Condition: Reverse (पिछली वजह) probability चाहिए, given अंतिम event
4️⃣ BINOMIAL COEFFICIENT, FACTORIAL NOTATION
n! = n \times (n-1) \times (n-2) ··· 1
0! = 1 (definition)
5️⃣ SOME USEFUL SHORTCUTS
nCr = nC(n−r)
nPr = nP(n−r)
Sum of all combinations:
If n distinct objects, arranging all: n! ways
6️⃣ COMMON CONDITIONS (Recognition for IITM-Stats-1):
Use-case Apply
"Words, Seats, Passcodes, MCQs" Permutation
"Selection, Teams, Group, Subset" Combination
"Each question attempted, each choice independent" n^r (permutation with repetition)
"Distribution में order doesn't matter, repetition allowed" Combination with repetition
"Random draws/balls/cards/tosses" Probability formulas
📋 Quick Reference Table
Topic Formula Condition
arrangement, every
Permutation object used at
(no rep) most once, order
matters
arrangement, same
Permutation object can be
(with rep) repeated, order
matters
selection, order
Combination
doesn't matter, no
(no rep)
repetition
selection, order
Combination
doesn't matter,
(with rep)
unlimited supply
equally likely
Probability
outcomes
Addition rule
A, B disjoint
(exclusive)
Addition rule
A, B may overlap
(general)
Multiplication
A, B independent
rule (indep.)
Conditional
A given B
probability
conditional probability
H_i)}{\sum
Bayes' theorem $\frac{P(H_i)P(E H_j)}$ (reverse/diagnostic
P(H_j)P(E
problems)
n items around
Circular perm.
round table
Identical repeated identical
objects perm. objects
🚦 EXAM TRICK
1. सवाल पढ़ो — किस टाइप का है (arrangement/selection/probability)?
2. Objects distinct हैं या नहीं? Repetition allowed है या नहीं?
3. Event—AND है या OR?
4. उसी हिसाब से ऊपर वाला सही formula पकड़ो।
अगर कोई special formula बताया नहीं गया हो या कोई example-based formula चाहिए, तो फौरन पूछो — मैं उसी टाइप
के सवाल के साथ explain कर दूँ!
All the Best, IITM Stats-1 मेहनतकश! 👍🔥
