INTRODUCTION TO WEB SERVICES
Stands for World Wide Web also known as Web.
It is a collection of website or web pages stored in web
server and connected to devices through the Internet.
These website may contain text, images, audio, sound,
animation etc.
The WWW, with Internet allows retrieval and display of
website to your device.
WWW was invented by Tim Berners Lee in 1989. Internet
and Hypertext as aVailable at that time. but no one thought how
to use the internet to link or share one document to another.
Tim focused on three main technologies that could make
computers understand each other, HTML, URL, and HTTP. So,
the objectiVe behind the inVENTIOn of WWW was to combine
recent computer technologies, data networks, and hypertext
into a user-friendly and effectiVE global information system.
Stands for Hypertext Markup Language
Hypertext Markup Language is the standard markup
language for documents designed to be displayed in a
web browser.
It is generally assisted by other technologies like CSS,
JavaScript, AJAX etc.
It is tag based code, where tags are predefined. Tags
are the instruction how web page will appear on
browsers.
It is not case sensitive.
HTML files are stored with extension .HTM or .HTML
Few tags are: <HTML>, <TITLE>,<A>,<IMG> etc
Stands for extensible markup language
Extensible Markup Language is a markup language
that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a
format that is both human-readable and machine-
readable.
It allows us to exchange data between heterogeneous
system.
XML stores information in a plain text format so it is not
blocked by any firewall.
Tags are not predefined i.e. we can create our own tag
It is case sensitive.
HTML XML
It focuses on presentation of data i.e. It focuses on structure of data i.e. how
how the data will appear on web data is stored. XML data can be
page. presented on web page by using
XSLT (XML Style sheet Language
Transformation)
TAGs are fixed i.e. we cannot create TAGs are not fixed, we can create our
our own tag own tag
Case Insensitive Case Sensitive
Ordering of TAG is immaterial Ordering of TAG i.e. nesting of TAG
must be in correct order
Stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Used to transfer all files and other data(resources) from
one computer to another on the world wide web.
Client(Browser) send request to Web Server using
HTTP protocol and Server respond back to Client using
HTTP i.e. Client and server over web communicate
using HTTP protocol.
HTTP is stateless protocol, various technique applied to
make HTTP as State full like Cookies.
See the format of URL:
• http://www.google.com
Communicating with computer on internet using IP address
is practically impossible as it is very difficult to remember IP
address of every computer or website.
System has been developed to assign names to IP Address
and maintains a database of these names corresponding to
IP address.
These names are referred as Domain Name.
Example – cbse.nic.in, gmail.com
It is used in URL(uniform resource locator) to identify
particular web servers.
Domain name has more than one parts –
Top Level Domain Name or Primary Domain Name
Sub Domain names
For example in cbse.nic.in in is the primary domain, nic is
sub domain of in and cbse is sub-domain of nic.
Generic Domain Names:-
.com – commercial business
.edu – educational institutes
.gov – government agencies
.net network organizations
.org Organizations(nonprofit)
Country Specific Domain Names:-
.in – india
.au – australia
.ca – canada
.ch – china
.nz – new zealand
.pk – pakistan
.jp – japan
.us – united states of America
Stands for Uniform Resource Locator.
Each web site has a unique address called URL,
for e.g. http://www.cbse.nic.in
The basic format of URL is :
type://address/path
A website is a collection of web pages and related
content that is identified by a common domain name
and published on at least one web server.
For example: google.com, youtube.com
All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute
the world wide web.
Website is broadly of two types:
STATIC WEB SITE : static web site is used to
display information without any interaction with
user or web server.
DYNAMIC WEB SITE: allows user interaction with
web site and can communicate with web server
again and again.
A web browser is a software application for accessing
information on the World Wide Web.
Web Browser act as a client to send request to server,
once web server process the request and returns the
response the same will be displayed on web browser.
There are many popular web browsers available like :
Google Chrome, Firefox, UC Browser, Opera.
Most of the Web Browser supports Graphical support,
Lynx is the text based web browser
A web server is a computer that runs websites
It's a computer program that distributes web pages as
they are requisitioned.
The basic objective of the web server is to store,
process and deliver web pages to the users.
Web server and client communicate with the help of
HTTP protocol.
Web server returns the requested page to client with
response code like 404 ( if requested page not found),
200 ( if requested page found) etc.
Is a service which allows individual or organization to
make their web site accessible through world wide
web.
Web site is hosted on special computer called Web
servers. If the site is hosted users can access the
website from website from anywhere in the world.
To Host a website, we require DOMAIN NAME, WEB
SPACE.
Web Hosting provides various services like – FTP
upload, Email account, web site building tool,
databases etc.
