Chapter 06 - Input and Output

Chapter 6
Input and Output
Chapter Outline
• What is Input?
o Any data or instructions that are used by a computer
o Can come directly from end user or from other sources
o Input devices are hardware used to translate words, numbers, sounds, images,
gestures, and actions that people understand into a form that the system unit can
process.
o In addition to keyboards and mice, there are a wide variety of other input devices
including pointing, scanning, image capturing, and audio-input devices.
• Keyboard Entry
o One of the most common ways to input data is by keyboard.
o Keyboards convert numbers, letters, and special characters that people understand
into electrical signals.
o Most keyboards use an arrangement of keys given the name QWERTY.
▪ Name reflects the keyboard layout by taking the letters of the first six
alphabetic characters found on the top row of keys displaying letters.
o Variety of keyboard designs:
▪ Virtual keyboards
• Used primarily with cell phones and tablets
• Keys are displayed on a screen and selected by touching their
image on the screen. (See Figure 6-1.)
▪ Laptop keyboards
• Attached to the laptop system unit and come in a variety of
configurations, depending on manufacturer and the size of the
laptop
• Include all the keys found on a typical virtual keyboard, as well as
extra keys, such as function and navigation keys (See Figure 6-2.)
▪ Traditional keyboards
• Full-size keyboards widely used on desktops and larger computers
• Standard U.S. traditional keyboard has 101 keys, including extra
keys, such as a function keys, navigation keys, and a numeric
keypad.
• Some traditional keyboards include a few additional special keys.
For example, the Windows keyboard includes a Windows key to
directly access the Start menu. (See Figure 6-3.)
o Pointing Devices
▪ Provide an intuitive interface with the system unit by accepting physical
movements and gestures such as finger pointing or moving across a screen
and converting them into machine-readable input
▪ Wide variety of pointing devices, including the touch screen, mouse, and
game controller
▪ Touch Screen

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Chapter 06 - Input and Output

• Allow users to select actions or commands by touching the screen

with a finger or stylus
• Stylus uses pressure to draw images on a screen.
• Often, a stylus interacts with the computer through handwriting
recognition software.
• Multitouch screens – touch with more than one finger, which
allows for interactions such as rotating graphical objects with the
hand and zooming in and out by pinching and stretching the
fingers
o Commonly used with cell phones, tablets, and laptops, as
well as some desktops
▪
Mouse
• Controls a pointer that is displayed on the monitor
• Usually appears in the shape of an arrow
o Changes shape depending on the application
o Can have one, two, or more buttons, which are used to
select command options and to control the mouse pointer
on the monitor
o Some mice have a wheel button that can be rotated to scroll
through information that is displayed on the monitor. (See
Figure 6-6.)
o Cordless or wireless mouse uses radio waves or infrared
light waves to communicate with the system unit.
o Like a mouse, a touch pad is used to control the mouse
pointer and to make selections. Touch pad operates by
moving or tapping your finger on the surface of a pad. Used
on laptops and some types of mobile devices.
▪ Game Controllers
• Used with computer games
• The most popular game controllers are joysticks, gaming mice,
gamepads, and motion-sensing devices. (See Figure 6-8.)
o Joysticks control game actions by users varying the
pressure speed, and direction of the joystick.
o Gaming mice are like traditional mice with higher
precision, faster responsiveness, and programmable
buttons.
o Gamepads are designed to be held by two hands and
provide a wide array of inputs including motion, turning,
stopping, and firing.
o Motion-sensing devices control games by user
movements.
o Scanning Devices
▪ Convert scanned text and images into a form that the system unit can
process. There are five types of scanning devices:
• Optical scanner, also known simply as a scanner, accepts
documents consisting of text and/or images and converts them to
machine-readable form.
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Chapter 06 - Input and Output

o Do not recognize individual letters or images. Rather, they

recognize light, dark, and colored areas that make up
individual letters or images.
o Typically, scanned documents are saved in files that can be
further processed, displayed, printed or stored for later use.
o Four basic types of optical scanners: flatbed, document and
portable, and 3D
▪ Flatbed – like a copy machine, the image to be
scanned is placed on a glass surface and the scanner
records the image.
▪ Document – is like a flatbed scanner, can quickly
scan multipage documents, automatically feeds one
page of a document at a time through a scanning
surface
▪ Portable – typically a handheld device that slides
across the image, making direct contact
▪ 3D – use lasers, cameras, or robotic arms to record
the shape of an object
• Card Readers
o Encoded information is often stored on credit cards and
card readers interpret this encoded information.
o Magnetic card reader – is the most common
▪ Encoded information is stored on a thin magnetic
strip located on the back of the card. When the card
is swiped through the magnetic card reader, the
information is read.
o Chip cards – include additional security in the form of a
microchip embedded in the credit card
• Bar Code Readers
o Handheld wand readers or platform scanners
o Contain photoelectric cells that scan bar codes, the vertical
zebra-striped marks, printed on product containers.
▪ UPCs (Universal Product Codes) are widely used
by retail stores to automate the processes to check
out customers, or change product prices, and to
maintain inventory records
▪ MaxiCode is widely used by the United Parcel
Service (UPS) and others to automate the process of
routing packages, tracking in-transit packages, and
locating lost packages.
o Cell phones with apps can also scan codes. (See Figure 6-
12.)
• RFID Readers
• Radio-frequency identification tags are tiny chips that can be
embedded in most everything. (See Figure 6-13.)
o Contain electronically stored information

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Chapter 06 - Input and Output

o Used to monitor and locate lost pets; to track food from

farm to table; and to record prices, product descriptions,
and locations of retail items
o Can be read by RFID readers located several yards away
• Character and Mark Recognition Devices
• Scanners that are able to recognize special characters and marks
• Specialty devices that are essential tools for certain applications
Three types are:
o Magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR)—used by
banks to automatically read numbers on the bottom of
checks and deposit slips
o Optical-character recognition (OCR)—uses special
preprinted characters that can be read by a light source and
changed into machine-readable code (See Figure 6-14.)
▪ A common OCR device is the handheld wand
reader.
o Optical-mark recognition (OMR) - senses the presence or
absence of a mark, such as a pencil mark, and is often used
to score multiple-choice tests.
o Image Capturing Devices
▪ Image capturing devices create or capture original images. These devices
include:
• Digital cameras capture images digitally and store images on a
memory card or in the camera’s memory.
o Most digital cameras are also able to record video.
o Almost all tablets and cell phones have built-in digital
cameras.
• Webcams are specialized digital video cameras that capture
images and send them to a computer for broadcast over the
Internet.
o Webcams are built into most cell phones and tablets.
o Popular videoconferencing apps, such as Zoom, Microsoft
Teams, and Apple’s FaceTime use webcams.
o Audio-Input devices
▪ Audio-input devices convert sounds into a form that can be processed by
the system unit. The microphone is the most widely used audio-input
device. Audio input can take many forms including the human voice and
music.
▪ Voice recognition systems use a microphone, a sound card, and special
software. These systems allow users to operate computers and to create
documents using voice commands.
▪ Most cell phones include a virtual assistant that uses voice recognition to
accept voice commands.
▪ Apple Siri, Windows Cortana, Amazon Alexa, Android Google Assistant
▪ Amazon Echo, Apple HomePod, Google Home
▪ Examples include:
• Scheduling events on a calendar
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Chapter 06 - Input and Output

• Composing simple text messages

• Looking up facts on the web
• Record dictation
• Translate dictation from one language to another
• What is Output?
o Output is processed data or information, and typically takes the form of text,
graphics, photos, audio, and/or video.
o Output devices are any hardware used to provide or to create output.
▪ They translate information that has been processed by the system unit into
a form that humans can understand.
▪ Most widely used output devices are monitors, printers, and audio-output
devices.
• Monitors
o Most frequently used output device, also known as a display screen
o Present visual images of text and graphics
o Monitors vary in size, shape, and cost.
o The most important characteristic of a monitor is its clarity.
▪ Clarity refers to the quality and sharpness of the displayed images, and is
composed of five elements:
• Resolution - Images are formed on a monitor by a series of dots or
pixels. Resolution is expressed as a grid of these dots or pixels
(picture elements). The higher a monitor’s resolution, the clearer
the image produced.
• Dot (pixel) pitch is the distance between each pixel. The lower the
dot pitch (the shorter the distance between pixels), the clearer the
images produced.
• Contrast ratios – indicate a monitor’s ability to display images. It
compares the light intensity of the brightest white to the darkest
black. The higher the ratio, the better the monitor.
• Size or active display area is measured by the diagonal length of
a monitor’s viewing area.
• Aspect ratio indicates the proportional relationship between a
display’s width and height.
▪ Another important monitor feature is the ability to accept touch or gesture
input such as finger movements. It has become a standard feature of newer
monitors.
o Flat-panel monitors are the most widely used type of monitor today and are
much thinner and require less power to operate than other types of monitors.
There are three basic types of flat-panel monitors:
▪ LCD (liquid crystal display) is widely used for older monitors
and is typically less expensive.
▪ LED (light emitting diode) monitors are similar technology with
a more advanced backlighting technology producing better-quality
images, are slimmer, and are more environmentally friendly
requiring less power and using less toxic chemicals to
manufacture.

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Chapter 06 - Input and Output

▪
OLED (organic light-emitting diode) monitors that are thinner
and better power efficiency and contrast ratio replaced the LED
monitor’s back-lighting technology with a thin layer organic
compound that produces light.
• E-book Readers
o E-books (electronic books) – are traditional printed books in electronic
format.
o E-book readers (e-readers) are dedicated mobile devices for storing and
displaying e-books and other electronic media including electronic
newspapers and magazines.
o E-ink produces images that reflect light like ordinary paper, making the
display easy to read.
o Two well-known e-book readers are Amazon’s Kindle and Walmart’s
Kobo. (See Figure 6-20.)
o Tablets can also display e-books using LCD.
• Other Monitors –used for more specialized applications, such as making
presentations and watching television
o Digital or interactive whiteboards – are specialized devices with a large
display connected to a computer or projector.
• Computer’s desktop is displayed on the digital whiteboard and
controlled using a special pen, a finger, or some other type of
device.
• Widely used in classrooms and corporate boardrooms.

o Flexible screens allow digital devices to display images on surfaces that

are not flat. Early uses of flexible screens included cell phones with
screens that wrap around the edges of the phone and curved monitors
whose edges wrap toward the viewer. Recent innovations include foldable
screens, such as the Samsung Galaxy Fold, a cell phone with a screen that
unfolds to become a tablet. (See Figure 6-22.)
o Digital projectors project the images from a traditional monitor onto a
screen or wall.
▪ A drawback is that projected images can be difficult to see in
bright rooms.
o Printers
▪ Translates information that has been processed by the system unit and
presents the information on paper
▪ Features – Basic distinguishing features include:
• Resolution - the clarity of images produced and measured in dpi
(dots per inch), The higher the dpi, the better the quality of images
produced
• Color capability – provided by most printers today. Users typically
have the option to print either with just black ink or with color.
• Speed - measured in the number of pages printed per minute
• Memory – Printer memory is used to store printing instructions
and documents waiting to be printed. The more memory in a
printer, the faster it will be able to print large documents.
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Chapter 06 - Input and Output

•
Duplex printing – Allows automatic printing on both sides of a
sheet of paper to reduce paper waste and to protect the
environment
▪ Ink-jet printers
• Spray ink at high speed onto the surface of paper
• Most widely used printers
• Printing available in black only or color
• Reliable, quiet, and relatively inexpensive
• Most costly aspect is replacing ink cartridges
▪ Laser printers
• Similar technology to that used in a photocopying machine
• Use a laser light beam to produce images with excellent letter and
graphics quality
• Faster than inkjets and are used in applications requiring high-
quality output
• Two categories
o Personal – used by single users and less expensive
o Shared – used by a group of users, typically support color,
and are more expensive
▪ 3D printers also known as additive manufacturing, create three-
dimensional shapes by adding very thin layer after layer of material until
the final shape is fully formed.
• There are a variety of different processes and materials that can be
used to create each layer.
• One of the most common sprays a liquid plastic or plastic like
substance through a nozzle like an inkjet printer creating thin
layers.
• Controlled by data describing the shape of the object to be created;
typically comes from a file
• Prices have dropped making them available to individuals.
▪ Other Printers
• Cloud printers are printers connected to the Internet that provide
printing services to others on the Internet.
o Google Cloud Print is a service that supports cloud
printing. The user must activate a printer using Google
Chrome OS and then it can be accessed with a cell phone or
other type of computer connected to the Internet.
• Thermal printers use heat elements to produce images on heat-
sensitive paper that are widely used with ATMs and gasoline
pumps.
• Plotters are special-purpose printers for producing maps, images,
and architectural and engineering drawings by using output from
graphics tablets and other graphical input devices.
o Audio-Output Devices - translate audio information from the computer into
sounds that people can understand.
▪ Most widely used audio-output devices are speakers and headphones
(See Figure 6-27.)
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Chapter 06 - Input and Output

▪
Connect to a sound card
▪
Wireless connections typically use Bluetooth technology which requires
Bluetooth-enabled speakers and/or headphones.
▪ Plays music, vocalize translations from one language to another, and
communicate information from the computer system to users.
▪ Creating voice output is not as difficult as recognizing and interpreting
voice input and can be used to help students study a foreign language for
example.
o Combination Input and Output Devices - many devices combine input and
output capabilities.
▪ Headsets combine the functionality of microphones and headphones.
• Accepts audible input and headphones provide audio output
• Integral part of multiplayer video game systems
▪ Multifunctional devices (MFD)
• Many devices combine the capabilities of a scanner, printer, fax,
and copy machine.
• Offer a cost and space advantage
• Widely used in home and small business offices
• Can have slightly lower quality
▪ Virtual Reality (VR) is an artificial, or simulated, reality created in 3-D
by computers.
• Creates a virtual or immersive experience by using specialized
hardware that includes a head-mounted display and controller. (See
Figure 6-29.)
• VR head-mounted displays have earphones and stereoscopic
screens to present 3D images and gyroscopic sensors to interpret
head orientation.
• VR controllers have sensors that collect data about hand
movements.
o Coupled with software, this interactive sensory equipment
lets you immerses players in a computer-generated world.
▪ There are any number of applications for virtual reality head-mounted
displays and controllers.
• Drones, or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), are now affordable,
faster, and smarter making them a valuable tool and fun high-tech
toy. (See Figure 6-30.)
• Most drones take input from a controller from either a radio
joystick or a Wi-Fi connected tablet or laptop.
• Drones act as an output device, sending back video and sound to
the user.
• Can be used in agriculture to apply pesticides and monitor
livestock; or in disaster relief to look for people in distress and by
the Post Office to deliver mail
▪ Robots, like drones, have become relatively inexpensive with expanding
capabilities.
• Use cameras, microphones, and other sensors as inputs

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Chapter 06 - Input and Output

•
Recent improvements in robotics software and decreases in
hardware prices have made robots more prevalent in industrial and
hobbyist workshops.
• Robots can be found almost everywhere, including vacuuming
floors in homes, assembling cars in factories, and aiding surgeons
in hospitals.
o Ergonomics is the study of human factors related to things people use. It is
concerned with fitting the task to the user rather than forcing the user to contort to
do the task.
o For computer users and manufactures this means devising ways that input and
output devices can be used and designed to increase ease of use and to avoid
health risks.
▪ Sitting in front of a screen in awkward positions for long periods may lead
to physical problems such as eyestrain, headaches, and back pain.
▪ Computer users can alleviate these problems by taking frequent rest breaks
and by using well-designed computer furniture.
o Eyestrain and headache – To alleviate, take a 15-minute break every hour or
two. Keep everything you’re focusing on at about the same distance,
approximately 20 inches away.
o Back and neck pain – To help avoid, adjust your chair for height and angle, and
the chair should have good back support.
▪ The monitor should be at eye-level or slightly below eye level.
▪ Use a footrest to reduce leg fatigue.
o Repetitive strain injury – (RSI) is an injury that is caused by fast, repetitive
work that can generate neck, wrist, hand and arm strain.
o Use ergonomic keyboards and take frequent short rest breaks and gently massage
your hands.
o The design of portable computers presents some specific ergonomic challenges.
▪ Cell phones and texting cause pain at the base of the muscles of the thumb
or wrist.
▪ Tablets being held in a person’s hands improperly aligns the head to the
viewing surface causing neck and back pain.
▪ Laptops with attached screens and keyboards; it’s difficult to get an
optimum angle for both.
o In today’s world, it is important to protect yourself by using computers
appropriately.

• Careers in IT
o Technical writers prepare instruction manuals, technical reports, and other
scientific or technical documents.
o Work for computer software firms, government agencies, or research
institutions
o They translate technical information into easily understandable instructions or
summaries.
o Requires an associate or a college degree in communications, journalism, or
English and a specialization in, or familiarity with, a technical field
o Annual salary range $43,000 – $88,000

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Chapter 06 - Input and Output

o Advancement opportunities can be limited within a firm or company, but there

are additional opportunities in consulting.
• A Look to the Future-The Internet of Things (IoT)
o Promises many excited innovations that are already happening
o Cell phones can monitor location; and smartwatches can count and track
workouts.
o In the future most items will likely include a chip that uniquely identifies them
and shares appropriate data to applications running on the Internet.
▪ Includes clothes, purses
▪ Food will be identified, and refrigerators will be able to read the chips and
provide feedback on what is being eaten, what might spoil and what foods
need to be restocked.
o Privacy advocates raise concerns related to the IoT.
▪ With sensors recording your location, shopping habits, diet, activity, etc.
companies and governments will have an unprecedented, detailed view of
people’s lives.

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Chapter 06 - Input and Output

Key Terms

Key Term Definition

Also known as additive manufacturing, create three-
dimensional shapes by adding very thick layers of
3D printer
materials until the final shape is fully formed, (See also
additive manufacturing)
Use lasers, cameras, or robotic arms to record the shape of
3D scanner
an object
Diagonal length of a monitor’s viewing area and is also
active display area
known as size
Also known as 3D printers, create three-dimensional
additive manufacturing shapes by adding very thick layers of materials until the
final shape is fully formed, (See also 3D printers)
Indicates the proportional relationship between a display’s
aspect ratio width and height and is usually expressed by tow numbers
separated by a colon such as 16:9
bar code Vertical zebra-striped marks printed on product containers
Contains photoelectric cells that scan or read bar codes
bar code reader
(See also bar code scanner)
Contains photoelectric cells that scan or read bar codes
bar code scanner
(See also bar code reader)
Bluetooth Type of wireless connection (Discussed in Chapter 8)
card reader Interprets encoded information from a variety of cards
Repetitive strain injury consisting of damage to the nerves
carpal tunnel syndrome
and tendons in the hands
clarity Quality and sharpness of displayed images
Printers connected to the Internet that provide printing
cloud printer
services to others on the Internet
A key, that when held down in combination with another
combination key
key, performs an action
connectivity The ability of a device to connect to a network
Indicates a monitor’s ability to display images by
contrast ratio comparing the light intensity of the brightest white to the
darkest black
A battery-powered device that uses radio waves or infrared
cordless mouse light waves to communicate with the system unit (See also
wireless mouse)
Captures images digitally and stores the images on a
digital camera
memory card or in the camera’s memory
Projects images from a traditional monitor onto a screen or
digital projector
wall
Specialized device with a large display connected to a
digital whiteboard
computer or projector (see also interactive whiteboard)

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Chapter 06 - Input and Output

Presents visual images of text and graphics (See also

display screen
monitor)
Quickly scans multipage documents by automatically
document scanner
feeding one page at a time through a scanning surface
Distance between each pixel on a monitor (See also pixel
dot pitch
pitch)
Measurement of printer resolution; the higher the dots-per-
dots-per-inch (dpi)
inch the better the quality of the printed image
Also known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), take
drones input from a controller from either a radio joystick or a Wi-
Fi connected tablet or laptop and act as an output device
Printing feature that allows automatic printing on both
duplex printing
sides of a sheet of paper
Store and display e-books and other electronic media using
e-book reader
e-ink technology
Traditional printed books in electronic format (See also e-
e-books
book reader and electronic book)
Produces images that reflect light making the display easy
e-ink
to read
Traditional printed books in electronic format (See also e-
electronic book
book reader and e-book)
Dedicated, handheld, book-sized devices that display text
e-reader
and graphics (See also e-book)
ergonomics Study of human factors related to things people use
Much like a copy machine where the image to be scanned
flatbed scanner is placed on a glass surface and the scanner records the
image
flat-panel monitor Most widely used type of monitor
Allow digital devices to display images on surfaces that are
flexible screen
not flat
game controller Provides input to computer games
Designed to be held by two hands and provide a wide array
gamepad
of inputs including motion, turning, stopping, and firing
Similar to traditional mice with higher precision, faster
gaming mice
responsiveness, and programmable buttons
Google Cloud Print Service that supports cloud printing
grayscale Images are displayed in many shades of gray
handwriting recognition Translates handwritten notes into a form that the system
software unit can process
Audio-output device that connects to a sound card within
headphone
the system unit
Combines the functionality of microphones and
headset
headphones
Strives to create a virtual experience by using specialized
immersive experience hardware that includes a head-mounted display and
controller

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Chapter 06 - Input and Output

A type of printer that sprays ink at high speed onto the

inkjet printer surface of paper that are widely used and relatively
inexpensive
input Any data or instructions that are entered into a computer
Hardware used to translate words, numbers, sounds,
input device images, and gestures that people understand into a form
that the system unit can process
Specialized device with a large display connected to a
interactive whiteboard
computer or projector (see also digital whiteboard)
Control game actions by users varying the pressure, speed,
joystick
and direction of a control stick
Converts numbers, letters, and special characters that
keyboard
people understand into electrical signals
laptop keyboard Smaller than traditional keyboards with fewer keys
laser printer Uses a technology like a photocopying machine
Use more advanced backlighting technology producing
better quality images, are slimmer, and are more
light-emitting diode (LED)
environmentally friendly requiring less power and use
fewer toxic chemicals
Backlit with a common source of light that is dispersed
liquid crystal display (LCD) over all the pixels on the screen and widely used for older
monitors and is typically less expensive
Reads encoded information stored on a thin magnetic strip
magnetic card reader
located on the back of a card
magnetic-ink character Used by banks to automatically read numbers on the
recognition (MICR) bottom of checks and deposit slips
Bar code widely used by UPS and others to automate the
MaxiCode process of routing packages, tracking in-transit packages,
and locating lost packages
Presents visual images of text and graphics (See also
monitor
display screen)
motion-sensing device Controls games with user movements
mouse Controls a pointer that is displayed on the monitor
Often in the form of an arrow, it moves on the screen as the
mouse pointer
user moves the computer mouse
Combination input/output device that combines the
multifunctional device (MFD)
capabilities of a scanner, printer, fax, and copy machine
Can be touched with more than one finger, which allows
for interactions such as rotating graphical objects on the
multitouch screen
screen with your hand or zooming in and out by pinching
and stretching your fingers
Accepts documents consisting of text and/or images and
optical scanner
converts them to machine-readable form
optical-character recognition Uses special preprinted characters that can be read by a
(OCR) light source and changed into machine-readable code
optical-mark recognition (OMR) Senses the presence or absence of a mark

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Chapter 06 - Input and Output

organic light-emitting diode Replaced the LED monitor’s back lighting technology with
(OLED) a thin layer organic compound that produces light
output Processed data or information
output device Any hardware used to provide or to create output
Less expensive and are used by a single user printing 15 to
personal laser printer
17 pages a minute
A series of dots, or pixels, that form images on a monitor
picture element
(See also pixel)
A series of dots that form images on a monitor (See also
pixel
picture elements)
pixel pitch Distance between each pixel (See also dot pitch)
platform scanner Wall or table mounted bar code scanner
Special-purpose printer for producing maps, images, and
plotter
architectural and engineering drawings
Provides an intuitive interface with the system unit by
pointing device accepting physical movements or gestures and converting
them into machine-readable input
Typically, a handheld device that slides across the image,
portable scanner
making direct contact
Translates information that has been processed by the
printer
system unit and presents the information on paper
Injury that is caused by fast, repetitive work that can
repetitive strain injury (RSI)
generate wrist, hand, and arm pain
resolution (monitor) A grid of pixels measured in dots per inch (dpi)
A measure of the clarity of images produced, measured in
resolution (printer)
dpi (dots per inch)
Used to read radio frequency identification information and
a few of the uses include; can track and locate lost pets,
RFID reader
monitor production and update inventory to record prices,
product descriptions and locations of retail items
RFID (radio-frequency
Tiny chips that can be embedded in almost anything
identification) tag
Use cameras, microphones, and other sensors as inputs and
robot
based on the input create outputs
Convert scanned text and images into a form that the
scanner
system unit can process (See also scanning device)
Convert scanned text and images into a form that the
scanning device
system unit can process (See also scanner)
Laser printer used by a group of users (See also laser
shared laser printer
printer)
speaker An audio-output device
Pen-like device that uses pressure to draw images on a
stylus
screen
Prepares instruction manuals, technical reports, and other
technical writer
scientific or technical documents
Uses heat elements to produce images on heat-sensitive
thermal printer
paper
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Chapter 06 - Input and Output

toggle key Key that turns a feature on or off

Controls the pointer by moving and tapping a finger on the
touch pad
surface of a pad
Allows users to select actions or commands by touching
touch screen
the screen with a finger or penlike device
Full-sized, rigid, rectangular keyboard that includes
traditional keyboard
function, navigational, and numeric keys
Bar code system used by retail stores to automate processes
Universal Product Code (UPC) to check out customers, to change product prices, and to
maintain inventory records
Also known as a drone, takes input from a controller from
unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) either a radio joystick or a Wi-Fi connected tablet or laptop
and act as an output device
virtual keyboard Keyboard image displayed on a touch screen
virtual reality (VR) Creates 3D simulated immersive experiences
Uses a microphone, a sound card, and special software to
voice recognition system allow users to operate computers and to create documents
using voice commands
Controller with sensors that collect data about your hand
movements. Coupled with software, this interactive
VR controller
sensory equipment lets you immerse yourself in a
computer-generated world.
Has earphones for immersive sound, stereoscopic screens
VR head-mounted display to present 3D images, and gyroscopic sensors to interpret
head orientation
wand reader Hand-held bar code reader
Specialized digital video cameras that capture images and
webcam
send them to a computer
Button located in the middle of a mouse that can be rotated
wheel button to scroll through information that is displayed on the
monitor
Battery-powered device that typically uses radio waves or
wireless mouse
infrared light waves to communicate with the system unit

6-15
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