MIC-507 Continuum Mechanics
Assignment-3
−120 45 25
1. For the following tensor 𝑨 = [ 45 140 −65]
25 −65 66
Find the following.
a) Eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors.
b) Invariants of 𝑨
c) Show that invariants obtained from eigenvalues are same as
invariants obtained from tensor 𝑨
d) Spherical and deviatoric tensors of A
2. Let a tensor A be given by
𝐴 = 𝛼(𝐼 − 𝑒1 ⨂𝑒1 ) + 𝛽(𝑒1 ⨂𝑒2 + 𝑒2 ⨂𝑒1 )
Where 𝛼, 𝛽 are scalars and 𝑒1 , 𝑒2 are orthogonal unit vectors.
a) Show that the eigen values 𝜆𝑖 , 𝑖 = 1,2,3 of A are
1
𝛼 𝛼2 2
2
𝜆1 = 𝛼, 𝜆2 = + ( + 𝛽 )
2 4
1
2 2
𝛼 𝛼
𝜆3 = − ( + 𝛽2)
2 4
b) Derive the associated normalized eigenvectors 𝑛̂𝑖 , 𝑖 = 1,2,3 , which in
matrix representation read.
0 1 1
1 𝜆2 1 𝜆3
[𝑛
̂]
1 = [ 0] , [𝑛
̂]
2 = [𝛽] , [𝑛
̂]
3 = [𝛽]
2 2
1 √1+𝜆22 0 √1+𝜆32 0
𝛽 𝛽
3. Let the vector field u in the rectangular Cartesian coordinate system be
the following:
Calculate the divergence, curl and the gradient of the vector field u.
4. The displacement field in a deformable body is described by
X = [I + k(e1 ⨂ e2 )]a ,
where x denotes the vector of deformed coordinates, a denotes the vector
of undeformed coordinates, and [e1, e2, e3] is the fixed orthonormal basis.
Also, k is a constant and I represents the identity matrix.
(a) Calculate the components of the deformation gradient, displacement
gradient, Green-Lagrange strain tensor, Euler–Almansi strain tensor, and
small strain tensor for the aforementioned displacement field.
(b) Sketch the approximate form of displacement by considering a square
element in a1 – a2 plane.
(c) Bring-out the difference between the Green-Lagrange and the small
strain tensor emphasizing on its physical significance in the context of this
example.
5. For the deformation defined by x1 = a1 , x2 = a2 + 0.5a32 , x3 = a3
(a) Sketch the deformed shape of the unit square OABC in the plane
a1 = 0 .
(b) Compute the stretch at B in the direction of the unit normal
6. Given the following deformation in rectangular cartesian coordinates:
𝑥1 = 3𝑋3 , 𝑥2 = −𝑋1 , 𝑥3 = −2𝑋2
Determine a) The deformation gradient F. b) the right cauchy-green
tensor C and the right stretch tensor U. c) the left cauchy-green tensor
B. d) the rotation tensor R. e) the lagrangian strain tensor E.
