Start Learning Tutorials

MySQL Cheatsheet
"MySql Cheatsheet for all SQL developers"
By CodeWithHarry Updated: 5 April 2025

Database

It is defined as a collection of interrelated data stored together to serve multiple applications.

MySQL Elements

MySQL has certain elements that play an important role in querying a database.

Literals

Literals refer to a fixed data value

Data Types

Data types are means to identify the type of data.

NULL Values

If a column has no value, then it is said to be NULL.

Comments

A comment is a text that is not executed.

MySQL Simple Calculations

You can perform simple calculations in MySQL, just by using the Select command, there's no
need to select any particular database to perform these commands.

Addition

It will add two numbers.

Subtraction

It will subtract the second number from the first.

Multiplication

It will give the product of supplied numbers.

Division

It will divide the number.

Accessing Database

These commands allow one to check all the databases and tables.

Show command

It will show all the databases in the system.

It will show all the tables in a selected database.

Use command

It will start using the specified database i.e. now you can create tables in the selected
database.

Creating tables

These commands allow you to create the table in MySQL.

Create table command

This query is used to create a table in the selected database.

Insert command

It will add data into the selected table.

Inserting NULL values

This query will add NULL value in the col3 of the selected table.

Inserting Dates

It will add the following data into the selected column of the table.

Select Command

A select query is used to fetch the data from the database.

Selecting All Data

It will retrieve all the data of the selected table.

Selecting Particular Rows

It will retrieve all the data of the row that will satisfy the condition.

Selecting Particular Columns

It will retrieve data of selected columns that will satisfy the condition.

DISTINCT Keyword

It will retrieve only distinct data i.e. duplicate data rows will get eliminated.

ALL Keyword

It will retrieve all the data of the selected column.

Column Aliases

It is used to give a temporary name to a table or a column in a table for the purpose of a
particular query.

Condition Based on a Range

It will only retrieve data of those columns whose values will fall between value1 and value2
(both inclusive).

Condition Based on a List

Condition Based on Pattern Match

Searching NULL

It returns data that contains a NULL value in them.

SQL Constraints
SQL constraints are the rules or checks enforced on the data columns of a table.

NOT NULL

It will create a table with NOT NULL constraint to its first column.

DEFAULT

DEFAULT constraint provides a default value to a column.

UNIQUE

UNIQUE constraint ensures that all values in the column are different.

CHECK

CHECK constraint ensures that all values in a column satisfy certain conditions.
Primary Key

Primary key is used to uniquely identify each row in a table.

Foreign Key

Viewing Table Structure

Desc or Describe command

It allows you to see the table structure.

Modifying Data

Update Command

It will update the values of selected columns.

Deleting Data

Delete Command

It will delete the entire row that will satisfy the condition.

Ordering Records

Order by clause is used to sort the data in ascending or descending order of specified column.

order by clause

It will return records in the ascending order of the specified column name's data.

It will return records in the descending order of the specified column name's data.

Ordering data on multiple columns

It will return records in the ascending order of column1 and descending order of column2.
Grouping Result

It is used to arrange identical data into groups so that aggregate functions can work on them.

Group by clause

It allows you to group two or more columns and then you can perform aggregate function on
them.

Having clause

Having clause is used to put conditions on groups.

Altering Table

These commands allow you to change the structure of the table.

To Add New Column

It will add a new column in your table.

To Modify Old Column

It will update the data type or size of old column.

To Change Name of Column

It will change the name of the old column in the table.

Dropping Table

DROP command

It will delete the complete table from the database.

MySQL Functions

There are many functions in MySQL that perform some task or operation and return a single
value.

Text/String Functions

Text function work on strings.

Char Function

It returns the character for each integer passed.

Concat Function

It concatenates two strings.

Lower/Lcase

It converts a string into lowercase.

Upper/Ucase

It converts a string into uppercase.

Substr

It extracts a substring from a given string.

Trim

It removes leading and trailing spaces from a given string.

Instr

It searches for given second string into the given first string.

Length
It returns the length of given string in bytes.

Numeric Functions

Numeric function works on numerical data and returns a single output.

MOD

It returns modulus of two numbers.

Power

It returns the number m raised to the nth power.

Round

It returns a number rounded off number.

Sqrt

It returns the square root of a given number.

Truncate
It returns a number with some digits truncated.

Date/Time Functions

These are used to fetch the current date and time and allow you to perform several operations
on them.

Curdate Function

It returns the current date.

Date Function

It extracts the date part of the expression.

Month Function

It returns the month from the date passed.

Day Function

It returns the day part of a date.

Year Function

It returns the year part of a date.

Now Function

It returns the current date and time.

Sysdate Function

It returns the time at which function executes.

Aggregate Functions

Aggregate functions or multiple row functions work on multiple data and returns a single result.

AVG Function

It calculates the average of given data.

COUNT Function

It counts the number of rows in a given column.

MAX Function

It returns the maximum value from a given column.

MIN Function

It returns the minimum value from a given column.

SUM Function

It returns the sum of values in given column.

MySQL Joins

Join clause is used to combine or merge rows from two or more tables based on a related
attribute.

INNER JOIN

It returns all rows from multiple tables where the join condition is satisfied. It is the most
common type of join.

LEFT OUTER JOIN

It returns all rows from the left-hand table specified in the ON condition and only those rows
from the other table where the join condition is fulfilled.
RIGHT OUTER JOIN

It returns all rows from the RIGHT-hand table specified in the ON condition and only those
rows from the other table where the join condition is satisfied.

FULL JOIN

It combines the results of both left and right outer joins.

SELF JOIN

In this join, table is joined with itself.

Download this Cheatsheet

Tags
Share
mysql cheatsheet
Main Learn

Home Courses

Contact Tutorials
Work With Us Notes
My Gear

Legal Social

Terms GitHub
Privacy Twitter (X)

Refund YouTube
Facebook

Made with and in India