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MULTIPLE CHOICE

Modern CPUs have features to execute more than one instruction concurrently. They can
perform a search, execute decoding and simultaneously, execute an instruction. What is it called?
to this technique?

a) Write-back
b) Hyperthreading
c) DMA
d) Pipeline
e) Multithreading

P) It is an example of a graphical user interface (GUI) available for Linux systems:

a) GDI
b) API
c) Gnome
d) Kernel
e) GNU

P) Which of the options below summarizes the basic objectives of an operating system?
a) Leveling and Processing
b) Abstraction and Management
c) Control and Monitoring
d) Input and Output
e) Segmentation and Paging

P) Among the input devices for users, we have the keyboard, which has a circuit.
printed and a set of keys being connected to the computer via a serial or USB port. What
What happens in the system when a user presses or releases a key?
a)A CPU scheduling is performed to interpret the code related to the pressed key.
b)The system places the usage request generated by the keyboard in a queue (cache)
c)A request for the use of the keyboard memory area is sent
d)The keyboard driver interprets the key, generating an execution instruction in memory for processing the
character
An Input and Output (I/O) interrupt is generated.

P) Which of the options below summarizes the basic objectives of an operating system:
a) Leveling and Processing
b) Abstraction and Management
c) Control and Monitoring
d) Input and Output
e) Segmentation and Paging
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In the context of operating systems, a critical section or critical region is the:

a) Memory area that controls output devices

b) Program area that executes 80% of the time
c) Area of the operating system that contains the loader code
d) Part of the program that accesses shared data
e) Part of the memory used for cryptographic operations.

P) Which alternative best defines the function of an operating system in abstraction for the user and
applications?
a) The abstraction layer aims to hide device drivers from the Operating System.
b) By providing this layer, the Operating System becomes independent of the architecture of (...)
c) Through its abstractions, the operating system allows users to use programs (...) independently.
d) An operating system must detail the necessary tasks for users and applications (...) type of
hardware.
e) Hide implementation details of resource usage from users and application programs.

P) Which alternative refers to the component of a hardware architecture that functions as a 'path of
interconnection to other devices.
a) Scheduler
b) Dam
c) CPU
d) Memory
e) Processor

P) Mark the option that presents the generation characterized by the use of transistors and batch systems.
in batch
a) First generation of computers
b) Second generation of computers
c) Third generation of computers
fifth generation of computers.
e) Sixth generation of computers.

In operating systems, what is the shell?

a) Software integrated into the operating system that manages active processes.
b) Part of the operating system that controls the use of virtual memory.
c) Program responsible for interpreting the instructions sent by the user
It is a microcode that interprets the instructions of CISC processors.
e) Component of the bus that interprets input data and directs it to the output devices.

We understand as "process" or "task" within an operating system.

a) A thread controlled by a parent process.
b) A scheduling for later execution
c) An area of memory exclusively for message exchange between threads
d) A processor flow routine.
e) A program in execution.
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P) Regarding the organization of data in file systems, all statements are correct except:
a) A file system with journaling feature allows for improvements in reliability and eliminates the
the need to check the file system when there is an abrupt system shutdown.
b) The FAT32 system was introduced starting from the second version of Windows 95, as an improvement over FAT16.
c) The main objective of the ISO 9660 standard was to make it possible for every CD-ROM to be readable by all
computers.
d) The FAT file system, starting from FAT32, also implements journaling.
e) A file is a named set of data that can be manipulated as a unit by operations.
how to open, close, copy, rename, list or delete.

P) Programs, through the operating system, use the hardware to achieve their objectives, what are they?
these objectives?
a) Record processes
Save and delete data
b) Retrieve data
c) Delete duplicate information in the database.
d) Record, erase, access and store data, print documents, browse the internet, play music,
etc.

A file storage system can contain many files organized in structures.

hierarchical. What are these structures called?
a) Library
b) Directories
c) Partitions
d) Secondary memories
e) Primary memories.

P) This family of processors aims to simplify the set of instructions embedded in it, having
a much simpler architecture than other types. Which type of processor are we talking about?
a) AMD
b) Intel
c) CISC
d) RISC
e) 8080

P) This process is possible because the operating system keeps only the ...
necessary parts of the program and the others that are not in use remain on the hard drive. When it is necessary
if another part (that is not on the disk) is loaded, then there will be the swapping process. We are talking about
of which process?
a) I/O using interrupts
b) Scheduled E/S
c) Traffic Lights
d) Threading
e) Virtual memory.
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P) Which of the alternatives best defines what device drivers are?

a) Part of the operating system software that deals with hardware interrupts.
b) Programs that the user directly interacts with to access the layers of the operating system.
c) Specific codes that each device needs and are usually developed by the manufacturers
two devices.
d) Command of the operating system that controls processing microinstructions.
e) They are parts of the input and output devices that serve to optimize the reading and writing processes.
data in operating systems.

An operating system is a layer of software located between the hardware and various applications.
existing, performing various activities, in order to ensure the availability of resources among all
running programs. Memory management is one of the activities of the operating system,
responsible for:

a) Distribute the processing capacity fairly among the applications, preventing one application
monopolize all processing.
b) Define the interaction with each device through drivers, creating abstract models that allow grouping
several distinct devices under the same access interface.
c) Define users and user groups, identifying those who connect to the system, through procedures
of authentication.
d) Create the abstractions for files and directories, defining an access interface and rules for their use.
e) Provide each application with its own memory space, also freeing up part of the
memory that is no longer in use by processes.

Operating systems have existed for over 50 years. During this time, a range of them has been developed.
but not all are well known. Among them, Embedded Operating Systems receive great attention
Today. About them, mark the correct alternative:
a) Embedded systems are only run on server-type computers and do not accept software.
installed by users.
b) Embedded systems are executed on mainframe computers and accept software.
installed by users
Embedded systems run on hardware with limited resources, controlling devices.
like TVs, DVD players, and MP3 players, not accepting user-installed software.
d) Embedded systems are executed on any type of device that accepts installed software.
user.
e) Embedded systems are only executed on portable computers and allow users to install
softwares.

P) Mark the option that correctly presents some types of operating systems.
a) Single-user Systems / Multi-user Systems / Systems with multiple entries.
b) Monotasking Systems / Multitasking Systems / Systems with multiple processors.
c) Single Instruction Systems / Multi-instruction Systems / Multiprocessor Systems
d) Monocompative systems / Multicompative systems / Systems with multiple users.
e) Monoplane Systems / Multiplane Systems / Systems with segmentation processors.

In operating systems, process scheduling consists of:

a) Choose which process will be privileged for execution
b) Select a process from the queue and save it in memory
c) Divide the processes into blocks in memory defining sharing areas
d) Execute slower processes before faster ones
e) Block concurrent processes, leaving them in a waiting queue.
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The main attraction of magnetic disks compared to other types of memory is the much lower price,
entertaining the counterpoint is the access speed, comparatively much slower. Of the options below,
What justice is there in the fact that magnetic disks are slower than other types of memories?
a) The fact that these have mechanical components
Hard drives are slower because they have a larger storage space.
c) The access speed of magnetic memories is directly influenced by the use of the processor.
d) Due to magnetic disks having a reading and writing buffer
e) Memories are organized in a hierarchical structure and the hard drives are located in the last layer.
of this structure.

P) Which alternative presents the situation where two or more processes want to share a resource, or
Still theoretically simultaneous processes and the result depends on the scheduling of processes?
mutual exclusion
b) Monitors
Traffic light
Deadlock
e) Race condition.

P) How can we define process?

a) An input that transforms into output

b) Method created exclusively for computer systems to produce information
c) Process is part of the overall context of IT
d) The process refers to all the routines that are performed in IT, but only people carry out processes.
e) They are activities performed by the machines

P) Components that provide support to the operating system in executing the address mapping of
physical memory and virtual memory addresses, allowing the movement of parts of programs (...) memory
virtual for the disk or vice versa;
a) Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Memory Management Unit (MMU)
c) Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
Address Mapping Unit (MAU)
e) Floating Point Unit (FPU).

P) The operating system is responsible for one or more of the following activities related to
disk management:

(I) – Disk space management

(II) - Block size.
(III) - Interpretation of commands.
(IV) – Operation of disk quotas.
Is what is stated in: correct?
I, II, and II, only
b) I, III and IV only
c) I, II and IV only
d) II, III and IV only
e) I, II, III, IV
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The computer's hard drive can be divided into logical parts, called partitions. These are
formatted for a certain file system. Mark the option that presents an example of files
developed for the Linux operating systems:
a) FAT32
b) EXT3
c) ISO9660
HFS+
e) NTFS

What Microsoft operating system was adapted for use on IBM PC computers and endured
for a long time, even after the emergence of Windows?
a) MS-DOS
b) Command
c) Xenix
d) Minix
e) CMD

When installing Windows 7 on a microcomputer, a system administrator uses, by default, the

following format for the file allocation system:
a) NTFS
b) EXT3
c) Daily mailing
d) FAT32
e) FAT16

The printer is a device whose access must be done exclusively, only one application at a time.
time. To solve this issue, the operating system temporarily stores all outputs intended for
printer, creating a queue of print jobs. This queue is usually serviced in a way
sequentially, through the FIFO technique. What is the meaning of this technique?

First in line is the first to leave.

b) Stores in the queue and forwards
c) What has the highest priority is addressed first
Queue and print
e) Print a portion of each job in the queue, dividing equally.

We can summarize the basic objectives of an operating system in two key words, what are they?
words?
a) Process and organization within IT
b) Database routines and organization
c) Systems and process routines
d) Databases and information systems
e) Abstraction and management.
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DISSERTATIONS

P). RAID is a structure that aims to solve problems associated with storing large amounts of data.
data quantities. This technique is always associated with backup. The fundamental principle of a
RAID structure is to combine multiple physical hard drives into a logical disk structure in order to increase performance.
reliability and performance of the environment. What does RAID 0+1 consist of? Cite the minimum number of disks.
necessary for the creation of RAID 0+1.
RAID 0+1 combines level 0 and level 1, where data is striped across the disks to improve performance.
and also use other disks for data duplication, being the safest structure but more expensive.
For RAID 0+1 at least 4 disks are required.

In the task of a certain operating system in process management, take into consideration
a scenario where there are two or more (...) writing to some shared data, and whose final result
it depends on that (...) in other words, the outcome of these processes unexpectedly depends on the sequence of events.
How is this occurrence or failure in the system known or (...) mutual exclusion and critical region are applied
aiming to avoid her?

Race condition.
Aiming to avoid this, mutual exclusion ensures that processes are prevented from using a variable or a
shared file that is already in use by another process, preventing programs from using the region
criticism simultaneously.
The critical region is the part of the programs where there is access to shared memory or files.

P). Regarding the types of operating systems classified as real-time, explain the differences.
among the critics and non-critics.
Critical systems are typically focused on the control of industrial and military processes, and cannot have
performance degradation.
As for the non-critical ones, such as those applied in digital audio or multimedia systems, although not desired, if
a delay does not cause as much damage.
There are several ways to read or write data in a file, which depend on the internal structure of
each of them. Considering files as a sequence of bytes, three forms of access are common:
sequential, direct (or random) and indexed. Describe how data access works for a file, for
reading or writing, in sequential form.
The data is read/written sequentially, from the beginning to the end of the file.
Defining an access pointer for each file opened by an application, and for each read/write, this
the pointer is incremented and begins to indicate the position of the next read/write.
When reaching the end of the file, reads are no longer possible, only new writes can be made.
event is signaled to the process through an end-of-file flag.

In an operating system, the part partly responsible for managing the memory hierarchy is the
memory manager. List its three main functions:
Know the memory space, allocate to the processes that are in need, and free the parts that are not.
are more in use by the processes.

P). Regarding process management in operating systems, these can be terminated according to
com quatro situações, sendo duas voluntarias e duas involuntárias. Quais são essas situações?
Normal termination.

P). Regarding the I/O slides - Input and Output, what characterizes a device as being of
category "character device"?
Device that sends or receives a stream of characters without considering any block structure.