MUSICAL GENRES IN DIFFERENT CULTURES AND ERAS

Musical genres are an academic classification of music according to

specific criteria or parameters. The instrumentation and the utility of
these works.

Later, other criteria such as cultural particularities are integrated.

historical-geographical environment or the design. The classification subdivides the types of
music according to instrumentation in vocal or instrumental music and according to the
intention of the piece.

classical music
Classical music is understood as the set of works, often of a character
religious, that spread throughout ancient Western Europe, that
they were represented in opera houses, concert halls, dances of the royal family,
churches and cathedrals, and that were accompanied by their scores.

The origin of classical music is lost between singing and medieval music, with
all kinds of recordings ranging from opera, the symphony orchestra, soloists,
choral music…. etc.. Reaching the highest levels, both in quantity and in
quality, in the intermediate centuries and after the High Middle Ages until almost the
19th century, therefore recording a reflection of the artistic currents of each
periods, whether Renaissance, Baroque, Romantic, or classical school.

Blues
Blues music is characterized by a style of sound that has hardly evolved.
since its origins, and that maintains the tradition and expression unique to this genre
musical, its fundamental composition, its three chords, its sequences
progressive and, of course, their improvisations.

The blues appears as a painful song in the work fields.

African Americans and Africans of the early years of the 19th century. The songs are
they were verbally transmitted from one worker to another, from one field to another, and
they gradually acquired a style of their own that competed with folklore
American.

Country
Country music is a musical genre that developed in rural areas.
from the southern United States and is based on the customs of the inhabitants
from the area, and shares its theme with other musical genres or types of
music like the Blues.
The musical style Country is simple in its essence and most of the songs
they consist of around three unique elements. Although the composition is very
easy, several genres can be accepted. From hard Honky Tonk to others
different styles like Western Jazz.

Cumbia
Cumbia is a very popular musical style throughout Latin America, however,
its origin dates back to Colombia and its rhythms are based on Caribbean rhythms
black, blending with Spanish rhythms and local styles. The
the expression "Cumbia" may have its origin in the "Cumbe" or typical dance of
Equatorial Guinea.
The great African influence is particularly evident in the use of percussion and the
drum. The maracas and whistles are related to the indigenous style, and the voices and
what are the influences of Spanish lyrics.

Disco
Disco music is a type of musical genre that emerged mainly in the
United States around 1970. As happens in all other types of music, it had
influences of rhythms from other genres such as soul and funk, as well as rhythm and
blues.

In areas where music was made at night, instead of hiring a

musical group, a DJ took care of the music and that's where a musical style was born
that has triumphed during the seventies, eighties, nineties and has
preserved until today.

Electronics
Electronic music as a musical genre is the way to refer to the
different musical genres that use classical musical instruments or
acoustic, and that accompany their music with electronic nuances, therefore,
it has its origins alongside the emergence of the first synthesizers (and of the
Japanese people in the 1950s who fantasized about music production.
electronics), and that was first highlighted in the 1980s.
80s - from the eighties alongside artists like "Juan Atkins" or from
Underground Resistance

Flamenco
Its origin is Spanish and more specifically from the south of Spain (Andalusia)
representing a cultural mix. This musical genre is a total art form in which
the singing (in flamenco the term cante or cantaor or cantaora is used), the dance
(to express the feeling conveyed by singing) and flamenco or the guitar
Spanish, in which there are true virtuosos within flamenco. Flamenco is
worldwide famous for being a musical genre unique to the southern region of
Spain, more specifically from Andalusia, and it is believed to have its roots in the
eighteenth century.

Folk
While it is true that in every country there is a traditional or popular music that
it characterizes its respective culture and folklore, Folk music is mainly related to
with American and British music, which has been preserved through the
oral tradition. It is a simple and melodic sound that speaks to us about the things of the
people and their daily tasks. Many of the famous songs do not include
a known author and they have been changing over the years.
One of the pioneers in the production of the first folk music songs
It was the vocalist from Oklahoma Woody Guthrie, who identified with the population.
more humble and distinguished against oppression and fascism. Folk, really
they come from English and refer to modern 'folk' music.

Funk
Funk or funky music is a type of music whose origins date back to the 1970s.
seventy. Musicians of African American origin fused styles such as jazz, soul or
and other Latinos to create this musical genre in which much more is given
protagonism to the rhythm (drums and electric bass) rather than to the melody. Funk music
refers to a type of music that originated in the 1960s and was born as a
fusion of Soul, R&B, Jazz and elements of Latin dance such as mambo, giving
place to a personal and harmonious style.

Gospel
Gospel music, known as evangelical music or music
religious, is a genre in itself, emerged in the congregations
African Americans of the 18th century, which reached its peak moment of splendor in
the 1930s. Gospel music is fundamentally inspired by religion
Christianity, and its conception, interpretation, and meaning can present different aspects.
variations depending on the culture or social context in which it is interpreted,
achieving different purposes, ranging from merely aesthetic pleasure
from a song of a religious or ceremonial nature, to the very product itself
commercial and economic that is prepared and packaged to be sold in the Music
Music stores.

Heavy Metal
This is a style that originates from a youth movement that opposed the
social and educational movements. Regarding heavy metal and the genre,
Black Sabbath was a band that contributed to the creation of the pillars of
this musical style starting from the similarities of primitive blues and betting on
heavy rock. The use of distortion prevails in electric guitars, a
solid foundation of rhythms characterized by the electric bass and drums, as well as the
use of falsetto in vocalists.

Hip Hop
This musical genre has various characteristics, each of them
affecting at a level:
Oral level: Rap, since the songs are sung as recited or as a
mix of both.
Audio level: turntablism, creating music from effects
sounds modify the modes of rotation and playback of the discs
of vinyl on the plate where the records spin.
Physical level: hip-hop is danced (breaking)
Visual level: graffiti has been accompanied by hip hop with works on walls,
walls or facades.

Jazz
Jazz is a musical genre that originates from the cultural tradition of the United States.
United and that, combined with the blues, forms the true foundation of American music. In
In its beginnings, jazz was a type of music intended for dancing. In a short time,
these traits of dance were fading away, and Jazz was evolving and
deriving towards improvisation, its most characteristic and key element
accused.

Over the years, Jazz style has changed and a large number of
associated subgenres, such as Hot jazz (styles before 1930), Swing, Bebop
(smaller orchestral groups than those of Swing), Cool Jazz influence
classic, Hard Bop, Free jazz, Smooth Jazz of the seventies, and even the
Acid Jazz from the eighties.

Fado
It is called Fado, the popular music of Portuguese origin that originated in the
the years 1820 and 1830 during the 19th century, although the first documents or
Fado records place it in 1838, the first recordings are from the 1920s.
of the 20th century. Its influence is evidently African, and it has spread among the
working class, especially among Brazilian migrant workers, in the
Lisbon and Coimbra area.

The music is nostalgic, deep, and very melancholic, usually performed by

a solitary person, with a disheartening voice and a strong sense of sadness,
dissatisfaction and fatality.
Merengue
Every dance playlist must have a place for merengue, the genre
musical that gains the most fans on the dance floor. If you find it hard to differentiate this type
of music such as salsa, bachata or other genres
Latin Americans, we will tell you their peculiarities.
Latin American rhythms are characterized by their adrenaline content and their
festive character, although everyone has distinctive and unrepeatable traits. The merengue
has its origins in the colonial era, but it was not until the 19th century that it
expanded and was welcomed by other countries in the Caribbean basin.

Pop
The name itself says it, pop is popular music. It is a musical genre that
also encompasses a large number of different styles and can be fused with
many influences to achieve quite refreshing new styles and
innovators.

The structure of the compositions is what classifies this genre. It is

eminently vocal and designed for the general public of mass society.

Punk
Punk or Punk Rock reduced classic rock to its minimum expression, seeking
simple melodies and the use of minimal chords, resulting in music
fast and strong with a character much more aggressive than the original garage rock of
the 60s with the famous 'Velvet Underground' or 'New York Dolls'. Midway
The 1970s is when Punk begins to separate from its predecessor.
hard rock and taking its own style and becoming a separate genre.

Trip Hop
Trip-hop was born as a new musical genre in the English city of Bristol in
the 90s. It emerges as an adaptation of acid house and a modern variation
of breakbeat with influences from soul, funk, and jazz. It's no coincidence that
Bristol has a great ethnic diversity, due to its importance in the past.
as one of the most important Atlantic ports in the slave trade.
The blend of hip-hop and electronic music is so varied that sometimes it does not
can distinguish neither of the two. By sharing other characteristics such as the
reggae, R&B, dub, and house, we find such different variations that
they make trip-hop a highly experimental genre.

Rap
Rap is a musical genre known as 'Street' from the United States,
more specifically of the different Afro-American communities from the late
the sixties, which based their sound on songs and themes with lyrics
spoken or recited with artistic and poetic styles, but not therefore oriented
towards Romanticism, but towards the social themes of the youth of the time.
Rap began to gain popularity as a musical genre in the late 1970s.
whose pioneers were "The Sugarhill Gang" and their hit "Rapper's Delight", which
Although it was not the first song to include rap, it is the first to popularize it.
hip hop around the world. Later, bands and groups appeared all over the
planet with its own styles and the differences of each region.

Reggae
Reggae music is a genre that first appeared in Jamaica in the
60s, but has its origin and influence in the R&B and jazz of New
Orleans.
The word Reggae comes from the Jamaican language, it is known as broken clothes.
the andrajosa, although its musical meaning is lost or derives from others
explanations, like the ones Bob Marley used to give referring to being a word that
in Spanish it meant 'The music of the king'.
The direct ancestor of reggae is Ska, as an interpretation of R&B and of
jazz with fast and syncopated movements. Reggae was born as the slow version
and smooth of ska and proved to be as versatile and melodic as the blues.

Reggaeton
Reggaeton is a musical genre of Puerto Rican origin but whose sound
has clear influences derived from Jamaican reggae, rap, and hip-hop. Its
the name was coined by the Panamanian producer "Michael Ellis" in 1988, who
defined the style with a great Reggae, or reggaeton.
Another clear influence comes from the reggae sung in Spanish in the 70s, and whose
main reference, possibly is 'The General', also known as the
father of Spanish Reggae.

Rumba
The musical genre of rumba that comes from Cuba transfers a lot of energy and makes
that one wants to move when they hear it. It is fundamentally based on the
African music. The rumba is divided into eight measures that sound in a
time of 2/4 and without any notable change. Normally these movements are
very exaggerated and abrupt.

Brit Pop
Britpop is the name given to a music genre that originated in the 90s,
coming from alternative rock and whose main influence is in the mythical
British bands from the 60s and 70s such as 'The Beatles', 'The Rolling Stones',
The Kinks, The Who or Small Faces.
Waves of bands formed by young people are emerging, creating a movement similar to
indie movement of the 80s, but with a clear commercial intention, among the
that stand out: 'Oasis', 'Blur', 'Suede' and 'Pulp'.

Rhythm and Blues

Rhythm and blues emerged in the 1940s, like many other genres.
musicals, in the United States. It originated in the African American community,
from jazz, blues, and gospel. It is said that thanks to R&B (rhythm and blues)
the transition from blush to rock and roll was possible.

As references of this musical style we can mention Bo Diddley,

also known as 'The Author'. (in English it would be 'The Originator'), which marked
for many a way to play the guitar. Louise Jordan was another one
prominent R&B musician, inspiring great figures from other styles
posteriors.

Rock
Rock music is the most well-known style of rock & roll from the 1960s, which
it blends country with blues and is distinguished by its dynamism and themes
catchy. As a result, since its creation, Rock has been subdivided into
countless genres and trends that have come to have their paths
independent, such as blues rock, folk rock, country rock, jazz rock,
el rock progresivo, el glam rock, el post punk, el heavy metal, el grunge, el indie
rock, the garage rock... among others. The predominant sound of rock is the
electric guitar, as well as the drums, the bass, and the singer's voice.

Rock and Roll

Rock and roll is a musical genre that originates from the fusion of different rhythms.
Americans like Blues, Country, soul, jazz, known in the 50s and whose
The identity marks are its three chords.

Salsa
Salsa is a music genre with Caribbean roots, influenced by son.
Cuban, jazz, and other styles of American music. Despite the fact that salsa is
it is found in most Latin American countries, its origin is linked to
Cuba and Puerto Rico. The concept of "salsa" is used from the late
sixties to try to differentiate the various unions and styles, both
Cubans like Puerto Ricans, among which are included the hard salsa, the salsa
romantic and the gamble.
The melodies of Salsa adapt to those of the popular Cuban son montuno, and the
interpretation is based on typical Cuban percussion such as the Bongó,
cowbell, the two maracas and the conga, accompanied by a piano, trumpets and a
sometimes a saxophone.
Samba
Samba is a musical genre typical of Brazil that is spread throughout the country.
with different meanings. For example, in the north it refers to the places where
any type of dance takes place. On the eastern part of the bay, it is related
with the Afro-Brazilian religion batuque. In Rio de Janeiro, it is directly
related to the music and dance of carnival.
Generally, in almost all of America the feminine voice (La samba) is used, but
In Brazil and in other neighboring places like Argentina or Uruguay, it is called in
male (The samba).

Soul
Southern Soul is a musical genre from the southern United States.
United, which emerged in the 1960s alongside musicians like 'Ray
Charles and James Brown, among others.
Soul is the main source of influence for Funky, which takes elements from Gospel.
and from Southern R&B, with intense and passionate voices and rhythms, that have maintained
the gender until practically the seventies, with the arrival of
Philadelphia Soul, which has become very popular over the years
following.

Tango
Tango is a type of music that dates back to the late nineteenth century in the
regions of the Río de la Plata, which are originally from Argentina and Uruguay,
and whose imprint is due to the diverse roots of Hispanic immigrants, of the
Africans, from the Italians and from the gauchos that settled in the region. The
denouement is a genre in itself, perfectly recognizable, of fame and success
worldwide.
The basic instrumentation is translated through the "Bandoneón", which is a
bellows accordion similar in timbre to that of the organ, of German origin and that
began to be used in Tango in the first decade of the 20th century. The typical
Tango orchestra is structured with two violins, piano, double bass, and two
bandoneons.

Vallenato
The musical genre vallenato originates from the Caribbean region of Colombia. In
In general terms, a long musical history has characterized these countries,
so it becomes difficult to differentiate this style from the others.
His main tool is the accordion. And from that moment on, the one who it
he dedicated himself to writing the lyrics of the songs. It must be understood that
this music was not like the current one (that is, with completely separate functions)
and had a notable social element. The vallenato musician was a reporter, a
herald and spread the news from one place to another.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVELOPMENT
IN EARLY STIMULATION

Early Education or Stimulation is a set of techniques for

educational interventions aimed at boosting cognitive, social and
emotional development of the child during the early childhood stage (from 0 to 6 years). Do you want to know more?

about Early Stimulation? In UNIR we address its keys and its

main advantages for children.

Her teaching methodology is based on two basic principles:

Stimulate and enhance the abilities and skills displayed by the child
Compensate or prevent any deficit in their neurodevelopment

Why start educating children so young?

In the early years of childhood, the child's brain has a high capacity.
to create new neural circuits based on new learnings and the
lived experiences. It is what is known as brain plasticity.

This would be the main objective of early educational intervention: to 'train' and
stimulate the brain at the critical moment when the child begins to speak
his first words, to move and explore the world by himself. But,
In addition, Early Childhood Education will also ensure that the little one
student can extract the most benefit from the learning process and that
acquire new effective strategies in the way you interact with your environment.
Ultimately: that the child learns to learn.

Early or Pre-school Stimulation programs impact the three areas of

neurodevelopment keys at these ages:

Psychomotor development and personal autonomy

The development of language and communication
His abilities to relate to the physical and social environment.

Previously, the educator needs to know at what developmental stage the student is.
the child and detect any indicator of certain delay in the acquisition of
expected skills for that age. The methodology applied will always have a
playful character. Children learn through play, through educational games,
psychomotor exercises, musical resources...

Benefits of Early Education

In addition to the generic neurological benefits of the intervention
early education, how does it impact learning processes and others
areas of neurodevelopment?
 Improves the capacity for concentration, memory, and creativity.
Child: three pillars for good learning.
– Enhances their psychomotor skills. Let us not forget that motor skills
Language and movement go hand in hand during neurodevelopment.
Facilitates language acquisition: speech articulation, comprehension
and oral expression, ability to retain more vocabulary.
Awakens in the child the interest to explore and learn; and even more
important, you will enjoy learning.
Establish the foundations for a work routine that will help you.
inclusion in the school stage. The child will be much more autonomous both in
learning as in personal care.
It favors the social skills of the child (empathy, assertiveness,
coexistence...) and its good adaptation to the environment.
- And, above all, it reinforces self-esteem.

It can be said that Early Stimulation responds to the first

educational needs of the child and help to enhance their overall development in the
most critical stage of learning. Furthermore, given its preventive nature and
rehabilitator, these educational stimulation programs for ages 0 to 6 are key
for the early detection of neurodevelopment problems or situations of
The risk that could interfere is the successive learnings of the student.