1.

Explain built-in objects in JavaScript

Built-in objects are predefined objects in JavaScript that provide ready-made properties and
methods for common programming tasks. They help developers work with data types,
perform calculations, and manipulate data without creating everything from scratch.

Common built-in objects:

●​ String – Handles and manipulates text.​

●​ Number – Works with numeric values.​

●​ Math – Performs mathematical operations.​

●​ Date – Works with date and time.​

●​ Array – Stores multiple values in a list.​

●​ RegExp – Handles pattern matching.​

Example:

javascript
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let today = new Date();
let piValue = Math.PI;

2. JS code to count negatives, positives, and zeros

javascript
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let numbers = [];
let pos = 0, neg = 0, zero = 0;

for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

let num = parseInt(prompt("Enter number " + (i+1) + ":"));
numbers.push(num);
if (num > 0) pos++;
else if (num < 0) neg++;
else zero++;
}
document.write("Positive: " + pos + "<br>");
document.write("Negative: " + neg + "<br>");
document.write("Zero: " + zero);

3. Explain exception handling in JavaScript with

example
Exception handling allows you to handle runtime errors in JavaScript without stopping
execution.​
It uses try...catch...finally:

●​ try – Code that might cause an error.​

●​ catch – Handles the error.​

●​ finally – Executes code regardless of errors.​

Example:

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try {
let x = y + 10; // y is undefined
} catch (err) {
console.log("Error occurred: " + err.message);
} finally {
console.log("Execution finished.");
}

4. JS to check if password and confirm password

match
javascript
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let pass = prompt("Enter password:");
let cpass = prompt("Confirm password:");

if (pass === cpass) {

alert("Password matched!");
} else {
alert("Password does not match!");
}

5. Explain how JavaScript can hide an HTML element

You can hide an HTML element using JavaScript by changing its CSS display property.

Example:

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<p id="text">This is a paragraph.</p>
<button
onclick="document.getElementById('text').style.display='none'">
Hide Text
</button>

Explanation:​
When the button is clicked, the paragraph's display property changes to "none", hiding it
from view.

6. Explain the Document Object Model (DOM) with

example
The DOM is a programming interface for HTML and XML documents. It represents the page
as a tree structure where elements are nodes. JavaScript can use the DOM to access,
modify, add, or delete HTML elements and attributes.

Example:

javascript
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document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Updated text!";

Here, JavaScript accesses an element with id demo and changes its content.
7. Alumni form validation (all conditions)
html
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<form id="alumniForm">
Name: <input type="text" id="name"><br>
Address: <input type="text" id="address"><br>
DOB: <input type="date" id="dob"><br>
Email: <input type="text" id="email"><br>
<button type="button" onclick="validate()">Submit</button>
</form>

<script>
function validate() {
let name = document.getElementById("name").value;
let address = document.getElementById("address").value;
let dob = new Date(document.getElementById("dob").value);
let email = document.getElementById("email").value;

if (!name || !address || !dob || !email) {

alert("All fields are required!");
return;
}
if (!email.includes("@") || !email.includes(".")) {
alert("Invalid email format!");
return;
}
let age = new Date().getFullYear() - dob.getFullYear();
if (age < 22) {
alert("Age must be 22 or above!");
return;
}
alert("Form submitted successfully!");
}
</script>

8. Form field validation

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<form>
 Name: <input type="text" id="name"><br>
Age: <input type="number" id="age"><br>
Email: <input type="text" id="email"><br>
Password: <input type="password" id="pass"><br>
<button type="button" onclick="validateForm()">Submit</button>
</form>

<script>
function validateForm() {
let name = /^[A-Za-z]+$/;
let passwordPattern =
/^(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*\d)(?=.*[!@#$%^&*]).{8,}$/;

let n = document.getElementById("name").value;
let a = parseInt(document.getElementById("age").value);
let e = document.getElementById("email").value;
let p = document.getElementById("pass").value;

if (!name.test(n)) { alert("Name must contain only letters!");

return; }
if (a < 0 || a > 100) { alert("Age must be 0-100!"); return; }
if (!e.includes("@")) { alert("Invalid email!"); return; }
if (!passwordPattern.test(p)) { alert("Weak password!"); return;
}
alert("Form validated successfully!");
}
</script>

9. Drag & drop image into box

html
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<div id="box" ondrop="drop(event)" ondragover="allowDrop(event)"
style="width:300px;height:300px;border:2px dashed black;"></div>
<img src="image.jpg" draggable="true" ondragstart="drag(event)"
id="img1">

<script>
function allowDrop(ev) { ev.preventDefault(); }
function drag(ev) { ev.dataTransfer.setData("text", ev.target.id); }
function drop(ev) {
ev.preventDefault();
let data = ev.dataTransfer.getData("text");
ev.target.appendChild(document.getElementById(data));
}
</script>

10. Event handling in JavaScript

Event handling is the process of responding to user actions or system-generated events in
JavaScript. Events include clicks, key presses, mouse movements, form submissions,
etc. Event handling uses event listeners or attributes to trigger functions.

Example:

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<button onclick="alert('Button Clicked!')">Click Me</button>

Here, the onclick event is handled by showing an alert when the button is clicked.

ASSIGNMENT C

a. What is a Servlet? Explain its life cycle in detail.

Servlet:​
A servlet is a Java program that runs on a web server and handles
client requests, generating dynamic web content (usually HTML). It is
part of Java EE.

Servlet Life Cycle Methods:

1.​ init() – Called once when the servlet is first loaded; used for
initialization.​
 2.​ service() – Handles requests and sends responses. Called for
every client request.​

3.​ destroy() – Called before the servlet is unloaded; used for

cleanup.​

Life Cycle Flow:

●​ Load & Instantiate → Servlet class is loaded and an object is

created.​

●​ Initialization (init()) → Executed once.​

●​ Request Handling (service()) → Runs for each request (calls

doGet() / doPost() internally).​

●​ Destruction (destroy()) → Cleans resources before shutdown.​

b. JSP Program for Arithmetic Operations

jsp
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<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
<body>
<%
int a =
Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("num1"));
int b =
Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("num2"));

out.println("Addition: " + (a + b) + "<br>");

out.println("Subtraction: " + (a - b) + "<br>");
 out.println("Multiplication: " + (a * b) +
"<br>");
out.println("Division: " + (a / b) + "<br>");
%>
</body>
</html>

Explanation: Takes two numbers as input via request parameters and

performs basic arithmetic operations.

d. What are Cookies? How do they work in Servlets?

Cookies: Small pieces of data stored in the client’s browser, used to
remember information between requests.

Working in Servlets:

1.​ Server creates a cookie and sends it in HTTP response.​

2.​ Browser stores the cookie.​

3.​ Browser sends the cookie back to the server with every request.​

Example:

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Cookie c = new Cookie("username", "John");
response.addCookie(c);

e. What is a Session in a Servlet? List different ways to

handle it.
Session: A session is a way to store user-specific information across
multiple requests in a web application.

Ways to handle sessions:

1.​ Cookies – Store session ID in browser.​

2.​ URL Rewriting – Append session ID to URL.​

3.​ Hidden Form Fields – Store session data in forms.​

4.​ HttpSession API – Server-side session object to store data.​

f. Session Tracking Techniques

Session tracking keeps track of a user’s requests during a visit to a
website.

Techniques:

1.​ Cookies – Store session ID on client-side.​

2.​ URL Rewriting – Session ID added to URL as a parameter.​

3.​ Hidden Form Fields – Hidden <input> fields pass session data.​

4.​ HttpSession API – Server-managed session storage.​

h. Steps to connect Java application to a database

using JDBC
1.​ Import JDBC package: import java.sql.*;​
 2.​ Load driver class:
Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");​

Establish connection:​
​
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Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url,
user, password);

3.​
4.​ Create statement: Statement stmt =
con.createStatement();​

5.​ Execute query: ResultSet rs =

stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM table");​

6.​ Process results: Loop through rs to read data.​

7.​ Close connection: con.close();​

j. Short note on JSP

JSP (JavaServer Pages):

●​ A technology for creating dynamic web content using HTML, Java,

and JSP tags.​

●​ Java code is embedded in HTML using <% %> tags.​

●​ JSP is compiled into a servlet by the server before execution.​

Advantages:

●​ Easy to write and maintain.​

●​ Separation of HTML and Java code.​

●​ Supports custom tags and JavaBeans.​

k. What is Session Tracking? Using Cookies

Session Tracking:​
The process of maintaining state (data) about a user across multiple
requests in a web application.

Using Cookies:

●​ Server sends a cookie with a unique session ID to the browser.​

●​ Browser sends the cookie with every subsequent request.​

●​ The server uses the session ID to retrieve stored user data.​

Example:

java
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Cookie c = new Cookie("sessionId", "12345");
response.addCookie(c);