Student Book

Written Assessment
AURTTR101 Diagnose complex faults in engine management systems
 AURTTR101 Diagnose complex faults in engine
management systems

Assessment 1 – Questioning – Written Assessment

Student Name Rizwan Ahmad Student ID Number 13732

Unit Start Date 05/09/2025 Unit End Date 11/09/2025

Assessment Due Date 15/09/2025 Date Submitted 05/09/2025

This cover sheet is to be completed by the student and assessor and used as a record to determine student
competency in this assessment task

The assessment process and tasks were fully explained. Yes / No

I am aware of which evidence will be collected and how. Yes / No

I am aware of my right to appeal an assessment decision. Yes / No

I am aware that I can locate the AIBT’s Complaints and Appeals Policy and Procedure on their Yes / No
website at https://aibtglobal.edu.au/

I have discussed any additional educational support or reasonable adjustments I require in order to
undertake this assessment with the Student Support Services Officer and Trainer / Assessor, (if Yes / No
applicable). e.g. Student Handbook and Access and Equity Policy https://aibtglobal.edu.au/

I have access to all required resources? Yes / No

Cheating & Plagiarism Declaration

Student Declaration: In accordance with the AIBT’s Academic Misconduct Policy, I hereby acknowledge by
signing this declaration that I have not cheated or plagiarised any work regarding the assessment tasks undertaken
in this unit of competency except where the work has been correctly acknowledged.
NOTE: Student must sign this prior to submitting their assessments to the assessor

Signature Rizwan Ahmad Date: 05 / __09____ / 2025

Satisfactory or Not Yet Satisfactory

Assessment Results
(Please circle or highlight the assessment result for this task)

Feedback to Student - Please provide general feedback on the Student’s performance

Student Declaration: - I verify that the work completed Assessor Declaration: - I verify that I have adequately
is my own and that I was adequately informed of the explained and negotiated the assessment tasks with the
assessment process prior to commencing this student prior to commencing assessment.
assessment task.

Student Signature Rizwan Ahmad Assessor Signature

Date 05/09/2025 Date

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Context and Conditions of Assessment

This assessment will ensure that the elements, performance criteria, performance evidence and knowledge
evidence required and conditions are adhered to demonstrate competency in this unit assessment task.
 Read the assessment carefully before commencing.
 This is an open book assessment and will be conducted at your designated campus / workshop /
specialised lab.
 Your Assessor will use the assessment criteria in this document and will provide feedback / comment.
 You must answer all the questions in the assessment tasks in your own words and own handwriting.
 Your Trainer / Assessor will inform you of the due date for this assessment task.
 Your Assessor will grade as either S – Satisfactory or NS – Not Satisfactory for the assessment. In all
cases your Assessor will provide you with feedback.
 Only when all assessment tasks have been graded as S – Satisfactory you will be deemed C – Competent
in the final result of the unit of competency; if you do not satisfactorily complete all the assessment tasks
you will be deemed NYC – Not Yet Competent.

Re-Assessment Conditions

 If the evidence is graded as NS – Not Satisfactory you will be required to re-submit the evidence. In this
case, you will be provided with clear and constructive feedback based on the assessment decision so that
they can improve your skills / knowledge prior to reassessment.
 Where a ‘NS – Not Satisfactory’ judgement is made, you will be given guidance on steps to take to improve
your performance and provided the opportunity to resubmit evidence to demonstrate competence. The
assessor will determine and discuss the reasons for NS – Not satisfactory on any of the criteria and will
assess you through a different method of assessment e.g. verbal/oral questioning, problem solving
exercises.
 You will be notified between 10-30 working days of undertaking an assessment of their result in achieving
competency
o If a student does not complete the assessment, they should notify their trainer as to why they did
not complete the assessment and if due to illness, a medical certificate must be produced.
o In the above scenario, student will be given an opportunity for reassessment within 5 working days
with no reassessment fee charged.
o Students who are deemed to be Not Yet Competent (NYC) will be provided with information
identifying the areas in which they failed to achieve competency. Students will then have the
opportunity to repeat the assessment task within 5 working days of notification with no
reassessment fee charged.
o If a student is deemed NYC in the reassessment or if the student did not approach the AIBT’s
within five working days with a valid reason for not availing themselves of the reassessment
opportunity, then those students will be given a final chance to re-sit the assessment and will be
charged a reassessment fee as per AIBT rule.
o After this no further reassessment attempt will be provided to the student and the student will be
required to repeat the whole unit with full fee for the unit. The student will be made aware of the
impact of repeating the unit may have on their student visa.
o If a student is found to be cheating or plagiarising their assessment, a reassessment fee will be
charged for reassessing the assessment within 5 working days.
o If the student is found to be plagiarising or cheating again after conclusion of the Intervention
meeting with the Course Co-ordinator, the matter will be referred to the Academic Management
Committee which may result in the suspension or cancellation of their enrolment
o AIBT’s has intervention strategies, including student support services available to enable students
to complete qualification in the expected time frame. Students at risk of not completing within this
time frame are identified as early as possible and an intervention strategy is put in place.

AIBT will ensure access to:

 automotive workplace or simulated workplace

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 workplace instructions
 manufacturer engine management system specifications
 three different vehicles or machinery with complex faults in their engine management systems
 engine management system diagnostic equipment, including scan tools and oscilloscopes
 tools, equipment and materials appropriate for diagnosing complex faults in engine management systems.

Evidence to be submitted by the student: -

 Completed written responses to the questions in the assessment task

Assessment Decision Making Rules

Your assessor will assess the evidence submitted for the following elements, performance criteria, performance
evidence and knowledge evidence to confirm that the student evidence submitted demonstrates validity,
sufficiency, authenticity and confirms current skills and knowledge relevant to the unit of competency.
Your assessor will be looking for the following in this assessment task: -
 Identify and confirm the work requirement
 Prepare to perform diagnosis
 Apply diagnostic procedures
 Complete work processes
 work health and safety (WHS) and occupational health and safety (OHS) requirements relating to
diagnosing complex faults in engine management systems, including procedures for:
o working with high pressure petrol fuel systems
o working on vehicle high voltage ignition systems
o identifying hazards and controlling risks associated with wearing jewellery while working around
high current wiring systems
 types of complex faults relating to engine management systems, including:
o intermittent
o multi-system
o introduced as a result of system repair
o indirect, caused by the influence of external systems
 types, functions and operation of engine management systems, including:
o injectors
o air flow meters
o temperature sensors
o pressure sensors
o throttle position sensors
 testing procedures for engine management systems, including procedures for:
o dynamic and static testing of vehicle or machinery
o component failure analysis
 types, functions, operation and limitations of diagnostic testing equipment required to diagnose complex
faults in engine management systems, including:
o scan tools
o oscilloscopes
 procedures for accessing and interpreting scan tool system data, including:
o diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs), including:
 conditions that set the DTCs
 conditions for running DTCs
o live data
o freeze frame data
o waveforms
 methods and processes for documenting and reporting diagnostic findings and recommendations.

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Assessment 1 – Questioning

Written Assessment

1. Identify some important items of personal safety when working on a vehicle that is equipped with an engine
management system?

Wear safety glasses and gloves to protect against electrical shocks and
chemical exposure.
Disconnect the battery before working on electrical components to prevent
short circuits.
Avoid wearing loose clothing, jewelry, or metal accessories around high-
current circuits.
Use insulated tools when working with electrical systems.
Ensure proper ventilation if working in an enclosed area to avoid inhaling
fumes.

2. Which of the following statements about safety glasses is true?

A. They should offer side protection

B. The lenses should be made of a shatterproof material
C. Some service operations require additional eye protection to be worn with safety glasses
D. All answers are correct

3. Rings, necklaces, bracelets and watches should not be worn while working around high current wiring
systems. Why?

Metal objects can conduct electricity and cause short circuits or burns if they contact high-current wiring.

4. Name six (6) precautions that should be observed when working on electronic-type ignition systems?

1 Disconnect the battery before starting work.

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2 Avoid touching the ignition coil or distributor with bare hands.

3 Use insulated tools to prevent shorts.
4 Keep flammable materials away from sparks.
5 Do not attempt to adjust or repair while the system is powered.
6 Verify proper grounding before reconnecting the system.

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5. What two (2) precautions should be taken before disconnecting or removing a component of an EFI system?

1 Turn the ignition OFF and disconnect the battery.

2 Relieve fuel system pressure to avoid fuel spray.

6. What is an intermittent fault?

A fault that occurs sporadically and is not consistently present, making it difficult to detect and diagnose.

7. Complete the following statement about intermittent engine management faults using the following words.

Words: Always, Assistance, Causes, Component, Diagnose, DMM, Electrical, History, Identify, Information,
Intermittent, MIL, Problems, Resistance, Scan, Set, Short, Suggestions, Symptoms, Visually

An intermittent fault is a fault that is not always present. It may not activate the MIL or cause a DTC to be
set. Therefore, intermittent problems can be difficult to diagnose. By studying the system and the
relationship of each component to another, you should be able to create a list of possible causes for the
intermittent problem. To help identify the cause, follow these steps:

1 Observe the DTCs DTC modes, and freeze frame data.

2 Call technical assistance for possible solutions. Combine your knowledge of the system with
the service information that is available.
3 Evaluate the symptoms and conditions described by the customer.
4 Use a check sheet to identify the circuit or electrical system component that may have the
problem.
5 Follow the suggestions for intermittent diagnosis found in service material.
6 Visually inspect the suspected circuit or system.
7 Use the data capturing capabilities of the scan tool.
8 Test the circuit’s wiring for shorts, opens, and high resistance. This should be done with a
DMM and in the typical manner, unless instructed differently in the service manual.

8. Identify various causes of intermittent engine management system electrical faults?

 Loose or corroded connectors

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 Broken or frayed wiring

 Faulty sensors

 Poor grounding or damaged terminals

9. A fault that comes and goes and is not always present is called?

A. Electrical
B. Intermittent
C. Sensor
D. Wiring

10. An engine that lacks power could be caused by?

A. Fuel delivery system fault

B. Exhaust system fault
C. Automatic transmission fault
D. All answers are correct

11. In an engine Fuel delivery system fault may lacks the power of an engine.

True or False: True

12. A lean condition caused by a vacuum leak, restricted injectors, dirty MAF, clogged fuel filter, or bad fuel pump
exists, the LTFT will have a negative number?

True or False: False

13. Which of the following would NOT cause the fuel trim to be out of range?

A. Faulty fuel pressure regulator

B. Restricted fuel filter
C. Faulty mass air flow (MAF) sensor
D. Faulty IAC motor (IAC)

14. A vehicle with a DTC for an engine coolant temperature out of range code is being tested. The serial data
stream shows the coolant temperature to be 93 degrees. When the technician tests the resistance between the

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ETC terminals, he finds infinite resistance. The specifications call for 20 to 40 ohms at 94 degrees. After the
ECT is replaced and the code is erased, the system runs normally and the code and MIL illumination do not
reoccur. How is this possible?

A. There was excessive air in the cooling system; when the ECT sensor was removed, the trapped air bled
out
B. The ETC code was set by a loose connection where the harness meets the ECT terminals;
disconnecting and reconnecting the plug essentially fixed the problem
C. The problem is an intermittent electrical fault; it will eventually reoccur
D. When the ECT failed, the PCM substituted a nominal ECT value that allowed the engine to run in limp
home mode; the substituted value was displayed by the scan tool

15. Complete the following statement about faults induced as a result of an incorrect repair using the following
words.

Words: Aftermarket, Circuits, Complaint, Connector, Damaged, Electrical, Grounds, Identifying, Problem,
Relay, Repairs, Retained, Specified, Terminals, Testing, Verify

After identifying the cause of the problem, repairs should be made. When servicing or repairing OBD-II
circuits, the following guidelines are important:

 Do not connect aftermarket accessories into an OBD-II circuit.

 Do not move or alter grounds from their original locations.
 Always replace a relay with an exact replacement. Retained relays should be thrown away, not
repaired.
 Make sure all connector locks are in good condition and are in place.
 After repairing connectors or connector terminals, make sure the terminals are properly seated and
the connector is sealed.
 When installing a fastener for an electrical ground, be sure to tighten it to the specified torque.
After repairs, the system should be rechecked to verify that the repair took care of the complaint.
This may involve road testing the vehicle to verify that the problem has been resolved.

16. On ETC (throttle-by-wire) equipped vehicles, learn or relearn procedure should be completed anytime the
PCM has been replaced or updated, or after the throttle body has been cleaned or replaced using a scan
tool?

True or False: True

17. On ETC (throttle-by-wire) equipped vehicles, the system does not require a relearn if the battery has been
disconnected. The system will automatically go through the procedure when the engine is restarted?

True or False: False

18. A vehicle towed into the shop with a “cranks but doesn’t start” problem. A quick check under the hood reveals
that the spark plugs are not firing and the injectors are not receiving a pulse from the PCM. The technician
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notices that the MIL light does not come on when the key is turned to the run position. What would you do
next?

A. Check the PCM’s fuses, power wires, and ground wires

B. Replace the PCM
C. Check the main power relay in the power distribution centre
D. Check for codes with a scan tool

19. What could a leak in the fuel regulator or the fuel pump check valve that allows the fuel pressure to slowly
bleed down after the engine shut down cause?

A. Hard starting
B. Surging at high speed
C. Detonation
D. Excessively lean LTFT

20. In a GDI system (gasoline direct injection) the injector sprays fuel into the ______.

A. Intake manifold (plenum)

B. Intake runner in manifold
C. Intake port in cylinder head
D. Cylinders (combustion chamber)

21. In a GDI system (gasoline direct injection) the injector sprays fuel into the Intake manifold?

True or False: False

22. The injector pulse width is ______.

A. The size of the injector nozzle

B. The amount of time the injector opens and sprays fuel
C. The voltage applied to the injector solenoid coil
D. The distance between the injector tip and the centre of the intake port

23. Explain the major differences between Throttle Body (TBI) Injectors and Port Fuel (PFI) Injectors?

 TBI injectors are located in the throttle body, spraying fuel into the intake manifold.

 PFI injectors spray fuel directly into the intake ports near the cylinder.

 PFI provides better fuel atomization and efficiency compared to TBI.

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24. Identify five (5) advantages of Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) systems?

1 Improved fuel efficiency

2 Better power output
3 Reduced emissions
4 Faster throttle response
5 More precise fuel metering

25. Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) systems increase the fuel efficiency?

True or False: True

26. The Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor is an integral part of the Mass Airflow (MAF) sensor.

True or False: True

27. The Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor is a discrete sensor located in the intake air passages or air cleaner
assembly.

True or False: True

28. Which of the following is NOT a type of Mass Airflow (MAF) sensor?

A. Karmen-Vortex
B. Van type
C. Hot wire
D. Hall effect

29. The Mass Airflow (MAF) sensor measures the amount of air in grams per second entering the engine.

True or False: True

30. The BARO sensor informs the PCM about charges in weather and altitude.

True or False: True

31. The PCM supplies a five (5) volt reference voltage to the Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) sensor.

True or False: True

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32. The hot wire in the Mass Airflow (MAF) sensor is held at a constant 200 degrees Celsius.

True or False: True

33. Complete the following statement about Mass Airflow (MAF) sensors using the following words.

Words: Airflow, Between, Cleaner, Control, Engine, Entering, Intake, Load, Relationship, Sensor, Systems,
Throttle, Timing

The mass airflow (MAF) sensor measures the flow of air entering the engine. This measurement of intake
air volume is used to calculate engine load (throttle opening and air volume). It is similar to the relationship
of engine load to MAP or vacuum signal. Engine control inputs are used to control the fuel injection and
ignition timing, as well as shift systems in automatic transmissions. The airflow sensor is placed between
the air cleaner and throttle plate assembly or inside the air intake assembly.

34. The MAF (Mass Air Flow) Sensor measures the intake air volume to calculate engine load.

True or False: True

35. A correctly functioning Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) sensors will have?

A. Closed throttle, the engine produces a low MAP value

B. Wide-open throttle produces a high MAP value
C. None of these answers are correct
D. Both A and B are correct

36. Complete the following statement about Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) sensors using the following words.

Words: Absolute, Cylinders, Engine, Fuel, Intake, Manifold, MAP, Measures, Module, Output, PCM, Pressure,
Reference, Resistance, Signals, Vacuum

A Manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor senses air pressure or vacuum in the intake manifold. The
sensor measures manifold air pressure against an absolute pressure. The MAP sensor uses a perfect
reference as a reference pressure. The MAP sensor measures changes in the intake manifold pressure that
result from changes in engine load and speed. The PCM sends a voltage output signal to the MAP sensor.
As the pressure changes, the sensor’s resistance also changes. The control module determines manifold
pressure by monitoring the sensor voltage. The PCM uses the MAP signals to calculate how much fuel to
inject in the cylinders and when to ignite the cylinders.

37. A manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor senses air pressure or vacuum in the intake manifold. The sensor
measures manifold air pressure against.

A. Absolute Pressure
B. Gauge Pressure
C. Vacuum Pressure
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D. Atmospheric pressure

38. The Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor is typically found in the radiator.

True or False: False

39. The resistance of the Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor increases as air temperature increases.

True or False: False

40. A throttle position sensor has?

A. A 5-volt reference input terminal

B. A 0 to 5-volt signal output terminal
C. A ground terminal
D. All answers are correct

41. Complete the following statement about Throttle Position (TP) sensors using the following words.

Words: Arm, Body, Location, Mixture, Mounted, Opening, PCM, Plates, Position, Proper, Relative, Resistor,
Sensor, Shaft, Signal, Voltage

Throttle position (TP) sensors send a signal to the PCM regarding the rate of throttle opening and the
relative throttle position. The wiper arm in the sensor is rotated by the throttle shaft. As the throttle arm
moves, the wiper arm moves to a new location on the resistor. The return signal tells the PCM how much
the throttle plates are open. As the sensor tells the PCM that the throttle is proper, the PCM enriches the
air/fuel mixture to maintain the correct air/fuel ratio. The TP sensor is mounted on the throttle body.

42. Normal throttle position sensor signal voltage at closed throttle is?

A. 0.5 to 0.7 volts

B. .5 to 1.0 volts
C. 0.05 to 1.0 volts
D. .5 to 2.0 volts

43. An accelerator pedal position sensor (APP) is used on vehicles equipped with?

A. Electronic throttle control

B. Cruise control
C. Torque convertor clutch (TCC)
D. All answers are correct

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44. You can test an MAF sensor with a scan tool by watching for erratic changes in flow while the engine idles.

True or False: True

45. You can check an MAF sensor by tapping it lightly with the handle of a screwdriver while watching the
waveform on an oscilloscope.

True or False: True

46. A technician connects a DMM with a MIN/MAX/AVG function to the output of an oxygen sensor. The engine is
at 2000rpm for several minutes. During the test, the voltage toggles rapidly between 150 and 900 millivolts. At
the end of the test, the MAX voltage was .967 V, the MIN voltage was .087 V, and the AVG voltage was .683
V. What could be the problem?

A. The oxygen sensor is faulty and should be replaced

B. There could be a vacuum leak that caused the sensor voltage to have a higher than normal average
C. None of these answers are correct
D. Both A and B are correct

47. Complete the following statement about testing a defective MAP sensor using the following words.

Words: Defective, Diagnosis, Electrical, Engine, Excessive, Ground, Hose, Ignition, Inspect, Low, Manifold,
Measuring, PCM, Reference, Repair, Replace, Sensor, Specified, Specifications, Surging, Voltage

A defective MAP sensor may cause a rich or lean air/fuel ratio, excessive fuel consumption, and engine
surging. The sensor is mounted on the intake manifold or someplace high in the engine compartment. A
hose supplies the sensor with engine vacuum. Inspect the sensor, its connections, and the vacuum hose.
The hose should be checked for cracks, kinks, and proper fit. The PCM supplies a 5-volt reference signal to
the sensor. Begin your diagnosis of the MAP circuit by measuring that voltage. With the ignition switch
on, backprobe the reference wire and measure the voltage. If the reference wire does not have the specified
voltage, check the reference voltage at the PCM. If the voltage is within specifications at the PCM but low
at the sensor, repair the wire. When this voltage is good at the PCM, check the voltage supply wires and
ground wires for the PCM. If the wires are good, replace the computer.

48. The hose should be checked for cracks, kinks, and proper fit.

True or False: True

49. Complete the following statement about testing a defective MAF sensor using the following words.

Words: Connections, Diagnosis, DTC, Free, Good, Ground, MAF, Make, Manual, Observe, Obstructions,
Plugged, Poorly, Procedure, Reference, Screen, Sealing, Sensors, Should, System, Test, Throttle, Visual,
Voltage, Voltmeter

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The test procedure for hot-wire MAF sensors varies with the vehicle make and year. Always follow the
manual procedure in the appropriate service procedure. Most often diagnosis of a MAF sensor involves
visual, circuit, and component checks. The sensor passage must be free of debris to operate properly. If the
passage is plugged, the engine will usually start but run poorly or stall and may not set a DTC. Check the
air inlet system (air filter, housing, and ductwork) for obstructions, blockage, proper installation, and
sealing. Check the connections of the MAF sensor for dirt and other contaminants. Check the throttle plate
bore for dirt build-up. Make sure the electrical connections to the MAF are sound. Check the reference
voltage to the sensor and the ground circuit. To check the MAF sensor’s signal and frequency, connect a
voltmeter to the MAF voltage signal wire and a good ground. Start the engine and observe the voltmeter
reading. On some MAF sensors, this reading should be 2.5 volts.

50. When the throttle is opened gradually to check the TP sensor voltage signal, tap the sensor lightly and watch
for fluctuations on the voltmeter, indicating a defective sensor.

True or False: False

51. When observing a Hall-effect sensor on a oscilloscope, pay attention to the downward and upward pulses.

A. These should be straight

B. These should appear at an angle
C. None of these answers are correct
D. Both A and B are correct

52. Complete the following statement about scan tool using the following words.

Words: Activate, Actuators, Always, Computer, Correct, Diagnose, Diagnosing, DTC’s, Procedures, Scan,
Management, System

A scan tool and/or a special electronic tester is used to diagnose most engine management systems. These
can only retrieve DTCs; they may also be able to activate various actuators in the system. The exact
procedures and available data from the vehicle’s computer will vary with manufacturer and the system
found on the vehicle. Always refer to the correct service information when diagnosing engine management
systems.

53. Scan tools can be used to cycle on and off some actuators such as injectors, vacuum solenoids, idle air
control motors and the like.

True or False: True

54. The snapshot feature on the scan tool can record the sensor data and conditions leading up to the vehicle
setting a DTC.

True or False: True

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55. A technician is setting up a oscilloscope to measure a sensor.

A. The vertical voltage scale must be adjusted in relation to the expected voltage signal
B. The trigger slope must be set to positive if the trace begins with a rising voltage
C. None of these answers are correct
D. Both A and B are correct

56. Complete the following statement about testing actuators with an oscilloscope using the following words.

Words: Action, Bad, Basically, Beginning, Circuits, Computer, Conditions, Devices, Downward, Energises,
Evidence, Frequency, Measured, Modulated, Noise, Observe, Off, Oscilloscope, Pulse, Shape, Solenoids,
Spikes, Test, Turning, Watching, Waveforms, Width

Most computer-controlled devices are ground-controlled circuits. The PCM energises the actuator by
providing the ground. On an oscilloscope trace, the on-time pulse is the measured pulse. On positive-feed
circuits, where the computer is supplying the voltage to turn a circuit on, the on-time pulse is the upward
pulse. One complete cycle is basically from one on-time pulse to the beginning of the next on-time pulse.
To test an actuator, you need to know what it action is. Most actuators are bad. The computer controls the
frequency of the solenoid by controlling the pulse width of the control signal. You can see the waveforms
on and off of the solenoid by watching the control signal. The voltage spikes are caused by the discharge of
the coil in the solenoid. Some actuators are controlled pulse-width modulated signals. These signals show a
changing pulse width. These pulses are controlled by varying the pulse width, signal frequency, and voltage
levels. Both conditions should be checked for amplitude, time, and shape. You should also observe
changes to the pulse width as operating conditions change. A bad waveform will have noise, glitches, or
rounded corners. You should be able to see evidence that the actuator immediately turns off and on
according to the commands of the computer.

57. The computer controls the action of the solenoid by controlling the pulse width of the control signal.

True or False: True

58. What would be the conditions that DTC P0115 Engine Coolant Temperature Circuit Malfunction can be logged
as a fault in the engine management system? Consult the manufactures workshop manual. To answer the
following question, follow link:
http://www.testroete.com/car/Toyota/celica/repair%20information/repair%20manual/05%20-%20Diagnostics/
11.pdf

 Open circuit in the ECT sensor (sensor voltage > 4.91 V for 0.5 seconds or more)

 Short circuit in the ECT sensor (sensor voltage < 0.14 V for 0.5 seconds or more)

 Faulty ECT sensor

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 Damaged, corroded, or loose wiring/connectors

 Low or contaminated coolant

 Rarely, a faulty ECM interpreting sensor data incorrectly

59. What are the conditions for running DTC P0171 System Too Lean (Bank 1)? Consult the manufactures
workshop manual. To answer the following question, follow link:
http://www.testroete.com/car/Toyota/celica/repair%20information/repair%20manual/05%20-%20Diagnostics/
20.pdf

Conditions for DTC P0171 (System Too Lean, Bank 1):

 Air-fuel mixture too lean (excess air or insufficient fuel)

 Long-term fuel trim exceeds threshold (usually +25%)
 Common causes:
o Vacuum leaks
o Faulty MAF sensor
o Clogged fuel injectors or fuel filter
o Weak fuel pump
o Exhaust leaks before oxygen sensor

The ECM sets P0171 when it cannot correct the lean condition.

60. With the PID/data monitor function, input/output signal monitor items set in the engine control module can be
selected and read out in real-time. Answer the following PID monitored data below from the follow link.
http://nema.club/2014wsm/service%20highlights/books/n6w01/html/id0102s6142100.html

Item (definition) Definition Unit/Condition

Accelerator Pedal Position
APP % / Sensor output

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Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor 1

APP1 % / Sensor output

APP2 Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor 2 % / Sensor output

ARPMDES
Requested Engine RPM RPM
BARO
Barometric Pressure kPa / hPa

BATT_V Battery Voltage V

ECT Engine Coolant Temperature °C

ECT2 Secondary Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor °C

ETC_ACT Throttle Actuator Actual Position %

ETC_DSD Throttle Actuator Desired Position %

FIA Fuel Injected Amount mg/cycle

FP Fuel Pressure kPa / bar

FP_DUTY Fuel Pump Duty Cycle %

FUEL_P_DSD Fuel Pressure Desired kPa / bar

FUEL_PRES Fuel Rail Pressure kPa / bar

FUELPW Fuel Injector Pulse Width ms

FUELSYS Fuel System Status Status code

HTR11 Heated Oxygen Sensor Heater 1 Status On/Off / %

HTR12 Heated Oxygen Sensor Heater 2 Status On/Off / %

IAT Intake Air Temperature °C

IAT2 Secondary Intake Air Temperature Sensor °C

KNOCKR Knock Sensor Output V / mV

LOAD Calculated Engine Load %

LONGFT1 Long Term Fuel Trim Bank 1 %

LONGFT12 Long Term Fuel Trim Bank 2 %

MAF Mass Air Flow g/s

MAP Manifold Absolute Pressure kPa / bar

MF_CAT1 Main Catalyst 1 Efficiency %

MF_CAT2 Main Catalyst 2 Efficiency %

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MIL Malfunction Indicator Lamp Status On/Off

O2S11 Oxygen Sensor Bank 1 Sensor 1 Voltage V

O2S12 Oxygen Sensor Bank 1 Sensor 2 Voltage V

RPM Engine Speed RPM

SHRTFT1 Short Term Fuel Trim Bank 1 %

SHRTFT12 Short Term Fuel Trim Bank 2 %

TP1 Throttle Position Sensor 1 %/V

VPWR Sensor Supply Voltage V

VT EX_DES Desired Exhaust Gas Temperature °C

VT IN_ACT Actual Intake Gas Temperature °C

61. Answer the following ‘Freeze Frame Data Items’ for the engine management systems below. Answer the
following Freeze Frame data below from the follow link.
https://euroesi.mazda.co.jp/esicont/eu_eng/mazda3/20110724140058/html/id0102f3801000.html

Freeze Frame Corresponding PID

Unit Description
Data Item Data Monitor Item
LOAD % Calculated engine load LOAD

ECT °C Engine coolant temperature ECT

MAP kPa Manifold absolute pressure MAP

RPM RPM Engine speed RPM

VS km/h Vehicle speed Vehicle Speed

Sensor

BAT V Battery voltage Battery Voltage

MAF g/s Mass air flow MAF

TP % Throttle position Throttle Position

Sensor

FRP kPa Fuel rail pressure Fuel Pressure

WARMUPS Count Number of warm-ups since DTCs cleared Not directly

monitored

CLRDIST km Distance since DTCs cleared Not directly

monitored

BARO kPa Barometric pressure Barometric Pressure

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CATTEMP11 °C Catalyst temperature before catalyst 1 Catalyst

Temperature 1

CATTEMP12 °C Catalyst temperature after catalyst 1 Catalyst

Temperature 2

VPWR V Control module voltage Control Module

Voltage

AAT °C Ambient air temperature Ambient Air

Temperature

APP_D % Accelerator pedal position sensor 1 Accelerator Pedal

Position Sensor 1

AAP_E % Accelerator pedal position sensor 2 Accelerator Pedal

Position Sensor 2

TAC_PCT % Throttle actuator control percentage Throttle Actuator

Control

62. What is the MAF sensor operating voltage at idle after the vehicle warmed up?

 Typically 0.5 to 1.5 volts at idle, depending on engine displacement and airflow.

 Voltage increases with higher engine load and RPM.

63. Explain how to access the “PID Data” list using the scan tool?

 Connect the scan tool to the vehicle’s OBD-II port.

 Turn the ignition ON or start the engine as instructed.

 Navigate the scan tool menu to “Live Data” or “Data Stream”.

 Select the PID Data or Parameter IDs option to view real-time sensor readings.

 Scroll through the list to monitor specific engine parameters (RPM, MAF, ECT, etc.).

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64. What is Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) PID voltage when the temperature is 80 °C (176 °F)?
To answer the following question, follow link:
http://www.mazda3tech.com/pcm_inspection_mzr_2_0_mzr_2_5_-1229.html

The ECT sensor is typically a thermistor. At 80 °C, the voltage is usually around 1.2 to 1.5 volts,
depending on the sensor and PCM calibration.

65. The sensor and output status data stored when a DTC is set is called?

A. Snapshot data
B. Freeze frame data
C. Mode 6 data
D. Failure record

66. What is a freeze frame?

 Freeze frame is a snapshot of sensor readings and operating conditions at the moment a Diagnostic
Trouble Code (DTC) is set.

 It includes data such as engine RPM, throttle position, coolant temperature, load, fuel trims, and more.

 Helps technicians identify the conditions under which a fault occurred.

 Captured automatically by the PCM when a DTC is triggered.

67. What is a waveform library?

 A waveform library is a collection of reference oscilloscope patterns for sensors and actuators.

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 It contains standard voltage, current, or signal waveforms for components like MAF, TPS, ignition,
injectors, and crank/cam sensors.

 Technicians use it to compare live signals from a vehicle with the known correct waveforms.

 Helps diagnose intermittent or faulty components by identifying deviations from standard patterns.

68. Looking at the TP sensor waveform below, what can the waveform tell us about this TP sensor?

The waveform shows a voltage glitch at the start of throttle movement, indicating a faulty TP sensor. This
is likely due to worn or dirty contacts inside the sensor, causing erratic readings. The sensor may need
cleaning or replacement.

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69. Complete the following statement about documenting you’re diagnostic finding on the job card using the
following words.

Words: Clear, Defective, Diagnostic, Documentation, Equipment, Found, Job, Multimeter, Operations,
Problem, Sensor, Technician, Trouble, Write,

The service technician must document the job card. This means that the service technician must write (or
type) what all was done to the vehicle including documenting defective components or conditions that were
found in the course of the diagnostic. The documentation is often called “telling the story” and should
include the following:

 The test equipment used to diagnose the problem. For example: Used a scan tool to retrieve
P2102 Throttle Actuator Control Motor Circuit Low diagnostic trouble code.
 Used a digital multimeter to determine a Throttle Actuator Control Motor sensor was
defective.
 List what parts or service operations were performed. For example: Replaced the Throttle
Actuator Control Motor. Used a scan tool to clear the diagnostic trouble codes and verify that
the system operated correctly.

70. •It is Used a digital multimeter to determine a Throttle Actuator Control Motor sensor was defective

True or False: True

71. Why is it very important that the Job Card is completed correctly?

 Ensures accurate communication between technicians and service staff.

 Provides a legal record of the work performed.

 Helps in future diagnostics or warranty claims.

 Confirms that all tests, repairs, and inspections have been properly completed.

72. When retuning a vehicle to the customer the vehicle should?

A. Be cleaned.
B. Have documentation completed.
C. Post repair test completed.
D. All answers are correct.s
73. Is it always required to safely disposal of material on regular basis?

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True or False: True

74. Is there not necessary for storage of tools and equipment before servicing the vehicle?

True or False: False

75. How are automobiles recycled?

Vehicles are first drained of fluids like oil, fuel, and coolant.

Hazardous materials and batteries are removed.

Usable parts are salvaged for resale or reuse.

The remaining metal body is shredded and sent to steel mills for recycling.

Plastics, glass, and other materials are separated and recycled where possible.

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