INTRODUCTION

This unit describes what system programming is, we learn what

it is the base software like compilers and interpreters, and also the way
in which they are made up.

Systems programming is a set of rules for creating solutions to

computable problems. Set of tools that allow us to create
basic software that is useful for interacting with the machine.

As foundational software, compilers, interpreters or...

translators, which are used to transform the high-level code created by the
user to machine language, which executes and creates the object code.

A translator is defined as a program that translates or converts from a text or

program written in a source language into a text or equivalent program
written in a target language producing, if possible, error messages.

A compiler is a program that reads the lines written in a language of

programming and translates it to another that the computer can execute.

Computer languages are used to solve problems, and there have been thousands of years
work in mathematics for this purpose. The programming languages are specified
by rules for forming correct instructions, organizing them into modules, submitting them towards
a compiler, which translates the code into a language understandable by a machine in
in particular, and finally run the program, that is, submit the input to the
computer, which transforms into an output according to the instructions in the
program.
When we use a computer, we are trying to solve a problem. It can be a
business problem that involves gains and losses; a scientific problem that employs
models of physical behavior; a statistical investigation that evaluates the possibility of
that an event occurs; etc.
In general, a computer is only capable of performing three basic operations:
Add, subtract, multiply, and divide two numerical values.
Compare two numeric or alphabetic values (check if they are equal, determine if the
the first is greater than the second, if they are different, etc.).

Store or retrieve information.

With these simple operations used and combined appropriately, through the
what is called a computer program, can be used to perform incredibly tasks
complexes that provide a solution to a particular problem, whether administrative,
scientific, or any other type.
Within the field of computing, a PROBLEM consists of the need to transform
a group of initial data (input) into a different group of final data (results).
In this way, a computer will be able to solve a problem if someone develops a
program that contains the appropriate instructions to transform the data, this
the activity is carried out by Programmers (human beings) and is called
PROGRAMMING.
Programming has been constantly evolving, since the first programs
written directly in machine code (0 and 1) until today with visual languages
(intuitive).
This evolution has occurred thanks to the use of various systems and tools.
The most effective is the execution of prior ALGORITHMS, which represent the program.
through symbols. Algorithms and programs are similar to a cooking recipe.
Programming languages are the means that allow Programmers to express the
instructions that the computer will perform through the transformation of algorithms
in a series of statements that following the syntax of the language, indicate the
operations that it will perform.

CONCLUSIONS

Of the six companies interviewed, five of them develop software and only one does not.
there is the application of some specialized software.

The systems that are developed by companies dedicated to software creation

most are of an administrative type, either payroll systems,
administration finance, Customs control, Accounting and some type of software
of issue finances. Although there are companies dedicated to creating applications
such is the case of: Hewlett-Packard of Mexico.
The developed applications aim to create programs for
insurance agencies for industries such as maquilas, agencies, or customs. These
companies use programs for payments, collections, finance,
customer service, commissions, and daily operations of any company with the
the purpose of these operations having greater speed to better serve the
client.
The programming languages most used in the interviews conducted were
.NET because companies want to take advantage of new technologies and
.NET is very common among developers, as they consider it economical.
robust and portable. In addition to .NET, they use C#, Delphi for .NET, ASP .NET,
Borland Delphi 7.0.
The characteristics that a systems developer seeks in a language are that
has a great compatibility with various databases as well as its ease
management. It should be an easy-to-use language, that has flexibility, that is
portable in different RESULT TABLES:

Below is a table where we can clearly see the

most used programming languages in the market today.

The companies are classified into 3 tables according to their line of business. Regarding the
development companies, it can be seen that most use C# to carry out their
applications. While in service companies, the language was found
Java as the most used, as well as database managers. In the only
The surveyed industrial company was found to use Visual Basic.
the platforms and that it is safe. Finally, what a programmer looks for in a
language is that this be a balanced tool.

The following table shows the main programming languages and their usefulness.

Languages. Utility.

BASIC, PASCAL Programming learning.

Ada, C and C++ Systems programming.

Logo Didactic language.

COBOL, RPG, Natural, SQL Business management.

Algol, FORTRAN, APL Numerical calculation.

CLIPPER, ACCESS, dBASE, Delphi, SQL Databases.

Smalltalk, Actor, C++, Eiffel Object-oriented programming (OOP).

Visual Basic, Visual C Windows Programming.

HTML, JAVA, PERL Internet (web pages).

Lingo Multimedia programs.

Prolog, Lisp Artificial intelligence.

VRLM Virtual reality.

Mapper, Cogen, Linc Fourth generation languages 4GL.

Finally, to solve a problem, at least the following must be followed.

steps:
Definition of the Problem.
Problem Analysis.
Algorithm design.
Programming (transformation of the algorithm into a program).
Execution and validation of the Program (Tests).
Program Maintenance.

These phases constitute what is called: Software Life Cycle or Life Cycle of
Development of a System is carried out by human beings, only the execution of the
programs are performed by the computer.

As can be seen, there are specific languages for each different task.
Many of them (Programming Languages) are no longer used, while the notions of
others have been incorporated into other languages.

Programming languages and techniques are important for the utilization of the
computer as a tool for solving problems.
In computing, a Problem consists of the need to transform a group of data.
initials in a different group of final data (results).
In this way, a computer will be able to solve a problem if someone develops a
program that contains the appropriate instructions to transform the data.
Languages must be reliable, understandable, efficient in terms of time of
execution and consumption of space, and must meet the needs of a community, already
whether scientists, businessmen, or non-technical users. Each of these groups is
accustomed to a particular vocabulary and a way of seeing things; in this way, there exists
a wide variety of languages and this is very likely to continue being the case.
SOLUTION CHECK: Execute the Pseudocode.

Once your Pseudocode in PSeint is finished, you must demonstrate that the pseudocode
meets expectations

of the proposed problem solution.

22. Press the 'Run' button on the top panel. If there are errors, PSeint will indicate to you what they are.
which line is found

the error

23. In case errors occur, one must return to the steps of the previous block and
locate oneself in the lines

marked with errors, to verify the parameters used.

24. If there are no errors, a window of 'execution of pseudocode steps' will open.
which implements the

printing steps on screen (Write) and reading data from the keyboard (Read)

25. Now you just need to read and follow the on-screen instructions (which were defined in the
pseudocode

entering each requested data (which will be shown in yellow) and the impressions of
text/data is
they will be shown in green.

26. Press the 'Save' button to store the current Pseudocode on the PC.

PROBLEMS TO SOLVE:

Do what is necessary to create the flowchart (in DFD software)