PROBABILITIES AND STATISTICS 2020

PRACTICAL WORK NO. 1

THEMATIC UNIT: Probability.

Basic concepts. Operational Rules. Statistical Independence.

1-Consider the following random experiments, in each case explain them

results that make up the sample space, and classify it as finite or infinite
countable and uncountable infinite.

From a box containing red and white balls, a ball is drawn and noted the
color.

The experiment is consideredit extracts a ball from the urn

and the events R: a red ball is drawn and B: a white ball is drawn. The space
sample is determined by S= { R , B} This sample space is finite.
From a urn that contains red and white balls, a ball is drawn and noted the
color. After replacing it in the urn, a ball is drawn and its color is noted again.
color.

When two extractions are made, the elementary events of the space
Sample points are ordered pairs. The experiment is considered:

Taking out little balls from the urn, one after another, with replenishment.

They are the events:

R: a red ball comes out and B: a white ball comes out. Then, the sample space
will be:

S= {( R, ) ; ( B, ); (B
R, ) ; (R
B,

It must be taken into account that, as the extractions are done one after another, not
it is the same to extract a red one first and then a white one, as to extract one
white and then, a red one.

It is a finite sample space.

A fair coin is tossed four times and the total number of heads is counted.
obtained.

From a urn that contains red and white balls, balls are drawn with replacement.
until obtaining a white one, and the number of extractions made is recorded.

The sample space will be: S= {1,2,3,…,∞ }

One can get a white on the first extraction, or on the second, or in the
third, and so on indefinitely.

It is a countably infinite sample space.

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 PROBABILITIES AND STATISTICS 2020

From a urn that contains red and white balls, balls are drawn without replacement.
until obtaining a white one, and the number of extractions performed is recorded if the
the number of red balls is n.

Given that the number of red balls is n, then:

{1,2,3,...,n+1 }
A white can be obtained in the first extraction, or in the second, or in the
third, and so on until all the red balls are removed until the ball is taken out
white.

In this case, the sample space is finite.

An electronic component is activated and the time is recorded until

that it stopped working.

The cities A, B, C, D are visited in random order.

2-An random experiment consists of measuring the time it takes to set.

special cement.

a- Describe the sample space. Is it possible in this case to count the number of
elements that make up S?

If we consider that there is a maximum setting time that we call tmax,

Then the sample space will be all the times between 0 and t.max, that is,
S=[0, tmaxSince it is a continuous sample space, it is not possible to have the quantity of
elements it contains. It will be a non-countable infinite sample space.

b- If we define the events A and B as follows: A= { t/50 ≤ t ≤

100 } y B= {t/70 ≤ t ≤ 150} describe.

i.A∩B

II. AUB

iii. Acintersection of B

i.A∩B → both events have to occur at the same time.

A∩B={t/70≤t ≤100}

ii.AUB→ either one or the other must occur, that is, it is the entire interval.

AUB={/50 ≤ t ≤ 150}

iii.Ac∩B→ A does not have to happen and B has to happen.

Ac∩B={/100≤t ≤150}

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 PROBABILITIES AND STATISTICS 2020

3-With the letters a, b, c, d. How many four-letter codes can be written if:

a- No letter can be repeated?

Can any letter be repeated multiple times?

From a group of 10 workers, three are selected. How many distinct groups are there?
Could they form?

To resolve it, it is recommended to see exercise 6.

A department has 8 systems specialists and 5 in mechanics. It is desired

Form a group of 4 with 2 specialists from each field. How many different groups are there?
Will they be able to form?

To solve it, it is recommended to look at exercise 6.

6- Out of a fleet of 10 vehicles, 4 have some issue. If 2 are selected at random,

calculate the probability that 1 has some problem.

In this case, we want to form groups where there is no hierarchy, with

that there is no order to consider for extracting the elements. In this case, there
they use combinatorial numbers.

The experiment is:Select random vehicles from a group of 10.

The first thing we must do is identify the number of possible cases. It is

to say, the way to choose 2 vehicles out of 10 is:

S= 10 It is the way to determine the cardinality of the sample space.

( )
2

Now the event for which the probability is requested is defined.

One of the selected vehicles has some problem.

A= 6 4 What is done is to choose 1 out of the 6 that have no problems and 1

( )( )
1 1
among those who do have some problem.

The probability, in this case, as it concerns a sample space

equiprobable, it is calculated as:

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 PROBABILITIES AND STATISTICS 2020

6 4
P (A=)
A
=
( 1)( 1)
S 10
( 2)

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