Programme: Error Calculation
clear
clc
format long
Xt = 35.4386; % True value
Xa = 35.3468; % Approximate Value
E = Xt-Xa; % Error
Er = abs((Xt-Xa)/Xt); % Relaticve Erroe
Ep = 100*Er; % Percentage Error
fprintf(" X_true = %2.4f \n",Xt);
fprintf(" X_appxox = %2.4f \n",Xa);
fprintf(" Error = %2.5f \n",E);
fprintf("Rel_error = %f \n",Er);
fprintf("Per_error = %2.7f \n",Ep);
Output:
X_true = 35.4386
X_appxox = 35.3468
Error = 0.09180
Rel_error = 0.002590
Per_error = 0.2590396
>>
Program : Secant Method
% Secant Method in MATLAB
clc();
clear();
f = inline('x^3-5*x+1')
x(1)=0;
x(2)=1;
error_tol=0.003
iteration=0;
fprintf(" itte \t a \t\t\t b \t\t c \n");
fprintf("-------------------------------------------\n");
for i=3:1000
x(i) = x(i-1) - (f(x(i-1)))*((x(i-1) - x(i-2))/(f(x(i-1)) - f(x(i-2))));
fprintf("%2d %f %f %f\n",i-2,x(i-2),x(i-1),x(i));
iteration=iteration+1;
if abs((x(i)-x(i-1))/x(i))*100<error_tol
fprintf("-------------------------------------------\n");
fprintf("Root = %f \n",x(i));
break
end
end
Output:
f =
Inline function:
f(x) = x^3-5*x+1
error_tol =
0.0030
itte a b c
-------------------------------------------
1 0.000000 1.000000 0.250000
2 1.000000 0.250000 0.186441
3 0.250000 0.186441 0.201736
4 0.186441 0.201736 0.201640
5 0.201736 0.201640 0.201640
-------------------------------------------
Root = 0.201640
>>
Programme: Newton Raphson
function New_Raphson(x1)
syms x
def=@(x) cos(x)-x*exp(x); % original function
f=sym(def);
df=diff(f);
fx=inline(char(f));
dfx=inline(char(df));
k=1;c=5; % No of steps
fprintf("-----------------------------\n");
disp('iter x f(x)')
fprintf("-----------------------------\n");
while k<=c
x1=x1-fx(x1)/dfx(x1);
fprintf("%2d %f %f \n",k,x1,fx(x1))
k=k+1;
end
fprintf("-----------------------------\n");
fprintf(" x_%d = %f \n",k-1,x1)
end
Output:
>> NewtonRaphson(1)
-----------------------------
iter x f(x)
-----------------------------
1 0.653079 -0.460642
2 0.531343 -0.041803
3 0.517910 -0.000464
4 0.517757 -0.000000
5 0.517757 -0.000000
-----------------------------
x_5 = 0.517757
>>
Programme: Lagrange Interpolation Polynomial
clear
clc
syms x;
X = [1 2 3]; % inputting values of x
fX = [2 11 34]; % inputting values of y
xk = 2.5; % Interpolating point
Xl = length(X);
fXl = length(fX);
if(Xl~=fXl)
fprintf("size of x and y miss matched \n");
return;
else
n = Xl;
end
f = @(x) 0;
for i=1:n
p = @(x) (x^0)*fX(i);
for j=1:n
if i~=j
p=p*((x-X(j))/(X(i)-X(j)));
end
end
f = f+p;
end
f=inline(char(f));
fprintf("Lagrange's polynomial is given by");
P(x)=f(x)
fprintf("P(%2.1f) = %2.3f \n",xk,f(xk));
Output:
Lagrange's polynomial is given by
P(x) =
(17*x - 17)*(x - 2) - (11*x - 11)*(x - 3) + (2*x - 4)*(x/2 - 3/2)
P(2.5) = 20.750
>>
Programme: Forward Difference Table
clear
clc
format short
syms u;
x = [0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5]; % inputting values of x
y = [1.4 1.56 1.76 2 2.8]; % inputting values of y
% To test the size of the given data
xl = length(x);
yl = length(y);
if(xl~=yl)
fprintf("size of x and y miss matched \n");
return;
else
n = xl;
end
% Create the initial Table
A = zeros(n,n);
for i=1:n
for j=1:n
if j~=1
A(i,j)="";
else
A(i,j)=y(i);
end
end
end
% Forward Difference Calculation
for j=2:n
for i=1:n-j+1
A(i,j)=A(i+1,j-1)-A(i,j-1);
end
end
fprintf("Forward difference Table \n");
fprintf("----------------------------------------------------\n");
fprintf("\t y \t\t Dy \t D^2y \t\t D^3y \t D^4y \n");
fprintf("----------------------------------------------------\n");
disp(A)
% Computing Forward difference Polynomial
f = @(u) (u^0)*A(1,1);
for i=2:n
p = @(u) u^0*A(1,i);
for j=1:i-1
p = p*(u-j+1)/j;
end
f = f+p;
end
f=inline(char(f));
fprintf("----------------------------------------------------\n");
fprintf("Forward difference Polynomial is give by,\n\n f(u) = ");
disp(f(u));
Output:
Forward difference Table
----------------------------------------------------
y Dy D^2y D^3y D^4y
----------------------------------------------------
1.4000 0.1600 0.0400 0.0000 0.5200
1.5600 0.2000 0.0400 0.5200 NaN
1.7600 0.2400 0.5600 NaN NaN
2.0000 0.8000 NaN NaN NaN
2.8000 NaN NaN NaN NaN
----------------------------------------------------
Forward difference Polynomial is give by,
f(u) = (4*u)/25 + (u*(u - 1))/50 + (u*(u - 1)*(u - 2))/27021597764222976 + (13*u*(u -
1)*(u - 2)*(u - 3))/600 + 7/5
>>
