Basic Fundamentals of Data Processing
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ScribdTranslationsBasic Fundamentals of Data Processing
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ScribdTranslationsBASIC FUNDAMENTALS OF THE DATA PROCESSING
DATA PROCESSING
Data Processing:
It is the technique that consists of collecting primary input data,
that are evaluated and ordered, to obtain useful information. The objective is
graph the data processing, create a diagram that allows
identify the inputs, files, programs, and output of each of the
processes.
BACKGROUND
History of data processing:
Since ancient times, man has processed data. The abacus was one of the
first inventions, consists of a board with a series of slots, where
so many chips are placed. In 1642, Pascal invented a machine that could
add and subtract. In 1671, Leibniz extended the concept to include
multiplication and division operations, through successive additions and subtractions.
Between 1939 and 1944, the Mark I computer was developed, which had
significant contributions to systems. The first corresponded to the design of
processor circuit, the second, to the control method. Mark I used
perforated tapes that directed the machines to program actions.
Starting from the 1950s onwards, a series of arrangements were made.
tools of this kind, increasingly sophisticated. In the decade of the
In the eighties, microcomputers appeared strongly and their use today is
common in the most diverse activities of man.
BASIC DATA OPERATIONS
Data process operations refer to the various tasks that
they can be executed using a computing system. Among these are:
Data collection: Data collection refers to the use of a
a wide variety of techniques and tools that can be used
to develop information systems, which can be the
interviews, the survey, the questionnaire, the observation, the diagram of
flow and the data dictionary. All these instruments will be applied
at a particular moment, with the aim of seeking information
which will be useful for a joint investigation.
Data verification: It consists of checking data that is integrated.
on the computer.
Sorting: It is a grouping of data to classify them according to the
system that will be used.
Systematization: It is a series of manual processes and equipment.
qualified to facilitate obtaining in the work or product.
Calculation: It is a set of elements that demonstrate definition
well-formed expressions that assist in statistical operations and
accounting.
Recovery: It is extracting information stored in physical media such as
as a file; CDs, hard drives, and any other medium at the end of
create a reliable and secure base for its storage and use
future.
Reproduction: It is generating the processed information through the
different means or channels necessary and used for the process.
DIFFUSION/ COMMUNICATION:
Broadcast networks have a single broadcast channel shared by all the
machines of the network.
Broadcasting systems generally also offer the possibility of
send a package to all destinations by placing a special code on it
address field. When a packet is transmitted with this code, each
the machine receives it and processes it. This mode of operation is called diffusion.
Data Processing Methods
The different processing methods are related to progress.
technological and the presented alternatives can be chosen, depending
from the speed with which they are needed and the investment in money that is required
to obtain them.
The types of processing that exist are the following:
Manual Process:
This is the oldest process and involves the use of resources.
humans, such as performing mental calculations, recording data with
pencil and paper, sorting and classifying manually. Finally the
results are expressed in writing, creating large volumes
of stored written information.
Mechanical Process:
Consider the use of cash registers and calculators, such as the
abacus and the calculating rules, replacing to some extent the process
of manual calculation. This logically leads to the easing
of the work in relation to the process and the reduction of errors, but
it maintains the disadvantage of the storage process of the whole
resulting information. Example: Obtain the time using a clock at
rope, which is a mechanical device, that internally has a series
of gears, which are properly coordinated with each other and
whose movement causes a needle to rotate in a radial and proportional manner to the
time.
Electromechanical Process:
In this type of process, the information link between the different
elements of information processing, storage and
communication continues to be carried out in a manual way, but for
machines are used to perform each of these tasks
electromechanical, with which greater efficiency is obtained. As
for example we have the activities that are carried out with the machines
drills, which through the use of electrical energy, will activate a
motor, and the shaft of this motor with its respective adapter, will allow
drilling floors at different depths. Other examples: chamber of
video or photographic, calculators, etc.
Automatic Process: In this process, the machine is programmed to perform
a set of operations, develops the sequence between one cycle and the following ones.
Electronic Processes: Computers are used, so the
human intervention is not required at every stage. Once
Once the data is entered, the computer performs the required processes.
automatically and produces the desired result.
Identify and characterize the basic data relationships and methods more
used to relate them.
Thedatabasesare an essential part of any computer system, since all the
programs need to resort to various data while executing or generating others that
they must store reliably.
Among the most widely used relational database management systems are, in order
alphabetical
Db2:conDb2Users have access to a proprietary relational DBMS from IBM.
Microsoft SQL ServerMicrosoft applicationto manage databases
Relational is available with a paid Microsoft license.
MySQL:MySQLit is the most widely used open-source DBMS globally. Since
it passes to the hands of Oracle, MySQL is distributed under a dual license. Its first
developers continue to take care of the project, now under the name of MariaDB.
PostgreSQL:conPostgreSQLusers have access to a free relational DBMS and
object-oriented whose continuous development is managed by its open source community.
Oracle Database: the program ofOracleIt is distributed as proprietary software.
SQLite: finally,SQLiteit constitutes a library of licensed programs
public domain that contains a relational database manager.
