CHEMICAL
ENGINEERING
Process Calculations
Comprehensive Theory
with Solved Examples and Practice Questions
www.madeeasypublications.org
MADE EASY Publications Pvt. Ltd.
Corporate Office: 44-A/4, Kalu Sarai (Near Hauz Khas Metro
Station), New Delhi-110016 | Ph. : 9021300500
Email : infomep@madeeasy.in | Web : www.madeeasypublications.org
Process Calculations
EDITIONS
© Copyright by MADE EASY Publications Pvt. Ltd.
First Edition : 2021
All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be
Second Edition : 2022
reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system,
Third Edition : 2023
or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic,
mechanical, photo-copying, recording or otherwise), Fourth Edition : 2024
without the prior written permission of the above mentioned
publisher of this book.
MADE EASY Publications Pvt. Ltd. has taken due care
in collecting the data and providing the solutions, before
publishing this book. Inspite of this, if any inaccuracy or
printing error occurs then MADE EASY Publications Pvt.
Ltd. owes no responsibility. We will be grateful if you could
point out any such error. Your suggestions will be appreciated.
Process Calculations
CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 3
Introduction and Basic Concepts................. 1-22 Energy Balance Calculations.......................51-69
1.1 Introduction................................................................................. 1 3.1 Energy and Its Different Forms............................................51
1.2 Unit and Dimensions................................................................. 2 3.2 General Energy Balance Procedure....................................52
1.3 Basic Chemical Calculations................................................... 5 3.3 Sensible Heat and Heat Capacities.....................................54
1.4 Ideal Gas Law and Their Applications...............................11 3.4 Empirical Equation for Heat Capacities............................55
1.5 Raoult’s and Henry’s Law for
3.5 Mean Molal Heat Capacities of Gases...............................55
Gas-Liquid System....................................................................16
3.6 Heat of Reaction, formation and Combustion...............56
1.6 P-V-T Behaviour of Real Gases..............................................18
3.7 Hess’s Law of Constant Heat Summation........................56
Student’s Assignments..............................................................19
3.8 Adiabatic Flame Temperature..............................................58
3.9 Phase Change Operation.......................................................58
CHAPTER 2
3.10 Energy Balance during Phase Change Operations.......59
Material Balance Calculations .................. 23-50
3.11 Heat of Solution and Mixing.................................................59
2.1 Introduction...............................................................................23
Student’s Assignments..............................................................65
2.2 Classification of Material Balance Problems...................24
2.3 Bypass Operations....................................................................32 CHAPTER 4
2.4 Material Balances with Chemical Reactions...................34
Combustion.................................................... 70-82
2.5 Recycle and Purge Operations............................................39
4.1 Introduction...............................................................................70
Student’s Assignments..............................................................47
4.2 Types of Fuels.............................................................................70
4.3 Calorific Values of Fuels..........................................................71
4.4 Air Requirement........................................................................72
4.5 Flue Gases...................................................................................73
Student’s Assignments..............................................................78
iii
