Advanced Grammar List
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v986704Advanced Grammar List
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v986704Advanced English Grammar Topics
1. Sentence Structure & Syntax
• Inversion for emphasis (Never have I seen such chaos.)
• Cleft sentences (It was John who broke the vase.)
• Fronting and thematization (That book, I really enjoyed.)
• Nominalization (decide → decision)
2. Tenses & Aspect
• Perfect aspect in depth (present perfect continuous, etc.)
• Future in the past (I was going to call you…)
• Mixed time references (I wish I had studied harder.)
• Narrative tenses (used for storytelling)
3. Modality
• Advanced modal verbs (might have, could have, should have)
• Modal perfects (He must have forgotten his keys.)
• Semi-modals (be supposed to, be bound to, be about to)
• Degrees of certainty/probability (They can’t have left already.)
4. Conditionals & Hypotheticals
• Mixed conditionals (If I had studied harder, I would be successful now.)
• Inverted conditionals (Had I known, I would have acted differently.)
• Conditionals without if (Were I you, I’d apologize.)
• Complex conditionals with modals (If she should arrive early, tell her to wait.)
5. Reported Speech
• Advanced tense backshifting (He said he had been working late.)
• Reporting verbs (claim, deny, recommend, warn)
• Reported questions and commands
• Reporting with infinitives/gerunds (He urged me to stay.)
6. Subordination & Cohesion
• Non-defining relative clauses (which, whose, whereby)
• Reduced relative clauses (The man standing there is my uncle.)
• Participle clauses (Having finished, she left immediately.)
• Concessive clauses (Although tired, he kept working.)
• Advanced connectors (insofar as, notwithstanding, albeit, whereby)
7. Passive & Causative Structures
• Complex passives (He is said to have left early.)
• Causatives (I had my car repaired.)
• Get-passives (He got promoted last year.)
• Double object passives (She was given a prize.)
8. Noun Phrases
• Complex noun phrases (the man with the long black coat standing by the door)
• Apposition (Paris, the capital of France, is beautiful.)
• Quantifiers in depth (few vs. a few, little vs. a little)
• Advanced determiners (such, the very, the only)
9. Adverbials
• Adverbial clauses of time, reason, concession, condition
• Position and emphasis of adverbs (She has definitely been there.)
• Comment adverbs (frankly, surprisingly, admittedly)
10. Stylistic Features
• Formal vs. informal grammar
• Ellipsis and substitution (I can play the guitar, and she can too.)
• Parallel structures
• Ambiguity and style shifts
