MOMENTUM Test Series For NEET - 2026

Test Series : 4 TOPIC: PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION

91 Among the following characters, which one was not 96. How many pairs of contrasting characters in pea
considered by Mendel in his experiments on pea? plants were studied by Mendel in his experiments?
(a) Trichomes-Glandular or non-glandular (a) Eight (b) Seven
(b) Seed-Green or yellow (c) Five (d) Six
(c) Pod-Inflated or constricted
97 Which one from those given below is the period for
(d) Stem-Tall or dwarf
Mendel’s hybridisation experiments?
(a) 1840-1850 (b) 1857-1869
92 Identify the wrong statement with reference to the (c) 1870-1877 (d) 1856-1863
gene ‘I’ that controls ABO blood groups.
(a) The gene (I) has three alleles.
(b) A person will have only two of the three alleles.
98. In his classic experiments on pea plants, Mendel did
(c) When IA and IB are present together, they not use
express same type of sugar.
(a) seed shape (b) flower position
(d) Allele i does not produce any sugar.
(c) seed colour (d) pod length.
93. In Antirrhinum (Snapdragon), a red flower was
crossed with a white flower and in F1 generation 99 Which one of the following traits of garden pea
all pink flowers were obtained. When pink flowers studied by Mendel was a recessive feature?
were selfed, the F2 generation showed white, red and
(a) Axial flower position
pink flowers. Choose the incorrect statements from
the following. (b) Green seed colour
(a) Law of segregation does not apply in this (c) Green pod colour
experiment. (d) Round seed shape
(b) This experiment does not follow the Principle of 100 Which of the following statements is not true of two
Dominance. genes that show 50% recombination frequency?
(c) Pink colour in F1 is due to incomplete (a) The gene show independent assortment.
dominance. 1 2 1 (b) If the genes are present on the same chromo-
(d) Ratio of F2 is (red) : (pink) : (white).
some, they undergo more than one cross-overs
4 4 4
in every meiosis.
(c) The genes may be on different chromosomes.
94 If two persons with ‘AB’ blood group marry and (d) The genes are tightly linked.
have sufficiently large number of children, these
children could be classified as ‘A’ blood group:
101 Select the correct statement from the ones given
‘AB’ blood group : ‘B’ blood group in 1 : 2 : 1 ratio.
Modern technique of protein electrophoresis reveals below with respect to dihybrid cross.
presence of both ‘A’ and ‘B’ type proteins in ‘AB’ (a) Tightly linked genes on the same chromosomes
blood group individuals. This in an example of show higher recombinations.
(a) partial dominance (b) Genes far apart on the same chromosome show
(b) complete dominance very few recombinations.
(c) codominance (c) Genes loosely linked on the same chromosome
(d) incomplete dominance. show similar recombinations.
(d) Tightly linked genes on the same chromosome
Which one of the following cannot be explained on
show very few recombinations.
the basis of Mendel’s law of dominance?
95
(a) The discrete unit controlling a particular 102 The genotypes of a husband and wife are IAIB and IAi.
character is called a factor.
Among the blood types of their children, how many
(b) Out of one pair of factors one is dominant, and
different genotypes and phenotypes are possible?
the other recessive.
(a) 3 genotypes; 4 phenotypes
(c) Alleles do not show any blending and both the (b) 4 genotypes; 3 phenotypes
characters recover as such in F2 generation. (c) 4 genotypes; 4 phenotypes
(d) Factors occur in pairs. (d) 3 genotypes; 3 phenotypes
 MOMENTUM Test Series for NEET - 2026
103. Blue eye colour is recessive to brown eye colour.
103 110 Test cross involves
A brown eyed man whose mother was blue eyed (a) crossing between two genotypes with dominant
marries a blue-eyed woman. The children will be trait
(a) both blue eyed and brown eyed 1 : 1 (b) crossing between two genotypes with recessive
(b) all brown eyed trait
(c) all blue eyed (c) crossing between two F1 hybrids
(d) blue eyed and brown eyed 3 : 1. (d) crossing the F1 hybrid with a double recessive
genotype.
104. In Antirrhinum two plants with pink flowers were
hybridized. The F1 plants produced red, pink and 111 The frequency of recombination between gene
white flowers in the proportion of 1 red, 2 pink and present on the same chromosome as a measure of
1 white. What could be the genotype of the two the distance between genes was explained by
plants used for hybridisation? Red flower colour is (a) Sutton Boveri (b) T.H. Morgan
determined by RR and white by rr genes. (c) Gregor J.Mendel (d) Alfred Sturtevant.
(a) rrrr (b) RR
(c) Rr (d) rr 112. In a plant, red fruit (R) is dominant over yellow fruit
(r) and tallness (T) is dominant over shortness (t).
If a plant with RRTt genotype is crossed with a plant
105 What map unit (centimorgan) is adopted in the that is rrtt,
construction of genetic maps? (a) 25% will be tall with red fruit
(a) A unit of distance between genes on (b) 50% will be tall with red fruit
chromosomes, representing 50% cross over. (c) 75% will be tall with red fruit
(b) A unit of distance between two expressed genes, all the offspring will be tall with red fruit.
representing 10% cross over.
113 In Mendel’s experiments with garden pea, round
(c) A unit of distance between two expressed genes, seed shape (RR) was dominant over wrinkled
representing 100% cross over. seeds (rr), yellow cotyledon (YY) was dominant
(d) A unit of distance between genes on over green cotyledon (yy). What are the expected
chromosomes, representing 1% cross over. phenotypes in the F2 generation of the cross
RRYY × rryy?
106. (a) Round seeds with yellow cotyledons, and
A test cross is carried out to
(a) determine the genotype of a plant at F2 wrinkled seeds with yellow cotyledons
(b) predict whether two traits are linked (b) Only round seeds with green cotyledons
(c) assess the number of alleles of a gene (c) Only wrinkled seeds with yellow cotyledons
(d) determine whether two species or varieties will (d) Only wrinkled seeds with green cotyledons
breed successfully.
114 In order to find out the different types of gametes
107. A tall true breeding garden pea plant is crossed with
produced by a pea plant having the genotype AaBb
a dwarf true breeding garden pea plant. When the it should be crossed to a plant with the genotype
F1 plants were selfed the resulting genotypes were in (a) AABB (b) AaBb
the ratio of (c) aabb (d) aaBB.
(a) 3 : 1 : : Tall : Dwarf 115 In a test cross involving F1 dihybrid flies, more
(b) 3 : 1 : : Dwarf : Tall parental-type offspring were produced than the
(c) 1 : 2 : 1 : : Tall homozygous : Tall heterozygous : recombinant-type offspring. This indicates
Dwarf
(a) the two genes are linked and present on the
(d) 1 : 2 : 1 : : Tall heterozygous : Tall homozygous
same chromosome
: Dwarf.
(b) both of the characters are controlled by more
108 ABO blood grouping is controlled by gene I which than one gene
has three alleles and show co-dominance. There (c) the two genes are located on two different
are six genotypes. How many phenotypes in all are chromosomes
possible?
(d) chromosomes failed to separate during meiosis.
(a) Six (b) Three
(c) Four (d) Five 116 If Mendel had studied the seven traits using a plant
109. A gene is said to be dominant if with 12 chromosomes instead of 14, in what way
(a) it expresses its effect only in homozygous state would his interpretation have been different?
(b) it expresses its effect only in heterozygous (a) He would not have discovered the law of
condition independent assortment.
(c) it expresses its effect both in homozygous and (b) He would have discovered sex linkage.
heterozygous condition (c) He could have mapped the chromosome.
(d) it never expresses its effect in any condition. (d) He would have discovered blending or
incomplete dominance.
 MOMENTUM Test Series for NEET - 2026
117. Which one of the following is an example of A and B genes are linked. What shall be genotype of
125. progeny in a cross between AB/ab and ab/ab?
polygenic inheritance?
(a) Skin colour in humans (a) AAbb and aabb (b) AaBb and aabb
(b) Flower colour in Mirabilis jalapa (c) AABB and aabb (d) None of these
(c) Production of male honeybee
(d) Pod shape in garden pea
Match the terms in column I with their
118. Mendel studied inheritance of seven pairs of traits
126. in column II and choose the correct option.
Column I Column II
If you are told that in one of these combinations,
A. Dominance (i) Many genes govern a
independent assortment is not observed in later
studies, your reaction will be single character
(a) independent assortment principle may be B. Co-dominance (ii) In a heterozygous
wrong organism only one allele
(b) Mendel might not have studied all the expresses itself
combinations C. Pleiotropy (iii) In a heterozygous
(c) it is impossible organism both alleles
(d) later studies may be wrong. express themselves fully
D. Polygenic (iv) A single gene inheritance
Which of the following characteristics represent influences many
119.
‘inheritance of blood groups’ in humans? characters
(i) Dominance A B C D
(ii) Co-dominance (a) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
(iii) Multiple allele (b) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
(iv) Incomplete dominance (c) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
(v) Polygenic inheritance (d) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i) -
(a) (ii), (iii) and (v) (b) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(c) (ii), (iv) and (v) (d) (i), (iii) and (v) 127 When two unrelated individuals or lines are crossed,
the performance of F1 hybrid is often superior to
120. A human male produces sperms with the genotypes both its parents. This phenomenon is called
AB, Ab, aB and ab pertaining to two diallelic (a) heterosis (b) transformation
characters in equal proportions. What is the
(c) splicing (d) metamorphosis.
corresponding genotype of this person?
(a) AaBB (b) AABb 128. Phenotype of an organism is the result of
(c) AABB (d) AaBb (a) genotype and environment interactions
(b) mutations and linkages
(c) cytoplasmic effects and nutrition
121. The term “linkage” was coined by (d) environmental changes and sexual dimorphism.
(a) G. Mendel (b) W. Sutton
129. Two crosses between the same pair of genotypes or
(c) T.H. Morgan (d) T. Boveri.
phenotypes in which the sources of the gametes are
122. RR (Red) Antirrhinum is crossed with white (WW) reversed in one cross, is known as
one. Offspring RW are pink. This is an example of (a) test cross (b) reciprocal cross
(a) dominant-recessive (c) dihybrid cross (d) reverse cross.
(b) incomplete dominance
There are three genes a, b, c. Percentage of crossing
(c) hybrid
130 over between a and b is 20%, b and c is 28% and
(d) supplementary genes.
a and c is 8%. What is the sequence of genes on
123 In pea plants, yellow seeds are dominant to green. If chromosome?
a heterozygous yellow seeded plant is crossed with a (a) b, a, c (b) a, b, c
green seeded plant, what ratio of yellow and green (c) a, c, b (d) None of these
seeded plants would you expect in F1 generation?
(a) 9 : 1 (b) 1 : 3 131. Haploids are able to express both recessive and
dominant alleles/mutations because there are
(c) 3 : 1 (d) 50 : 50
(a) many alleles for each gene
(b) two alleles for each gene
A man of A-blood group marries a woman of AB (c) only one allele for each gene in the individual
124
blood group. Which type of progeny would indicate (d) only one allele in a gene.
that man is heterozygous A?
(a) AB (b) A
(c) O (d) B
 MOMENTUM Test Series for NEET - 2026

132. In hybridisation, Tt × tt gives rise to the progeny of 138 One of the parents of a cross has a mutation in its
ratio mitochondria. In that cross, that parent is taken
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 : 1 as a male. During segregation of F2 progenies that
(c) 1 : 1 (d) 1 : 2. mutation is found in
(a) one-third of the progenies
133. A child of O-group has B-group father. (b) none of the progenies
of father will be (c) all the progenies
(a) IOIO (b) IBIB (d) fifty percent of the progenies.
(c) IAIB (d) IBIO.
139 What is the genetic disorder in which an
The contrasting pairs of factors in Mendelian crosses individual has an overall masculine development,
134 gynaecomastia and is sterile?
are called
(a) multiple alleles (b) allelomorphs (a) Down’s syndrome
(c) alloloci (d) paramorphs. (b) Turner’s syndrome
(c) Klinefelter’s syndrome
135. Pick out the correct statements. (d) Edward syndrome
(1) Haemophilia is a sex-linked recessive disease. 140. A man and a woman, who do not show any apparent
(2) Down’s syndrome is due to aneuploidy.
signs of a certain inherited disease, have seven
(3) Phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive gene
children (2 daughters and 5 sons). Three of the
disorder.
sons suffer from the given disease but none of the
(4) Sickle cell anaemia is an X-linked recessive gene
disorder. daughters affected. Which of the following mode of
(a) (1), (3) and (4) are correct. inheritance do you suggest for this disease?
(b) (1), (2) and (3) are correct. (a) Sex-linked dominant
(c) (1) and (4) are correct. (b) Sex-linked recessive
(d) (2) and (4) are correct. - (c) Sex-limited recessive
(d) Autosomal dominant
136. Thalassemia and sickle cell anaemia are caused due
to a problem in globin molecule synthesis. Select the 141. On selfing a plant of F1-generation with genotype
correct statement. “AABbCC”, the genotypic ratio in F2-generation will
(a) Both are due to a quantitative defect in globin be
chain synthesis. (a) 3 : 1
(b) Thalassemia is due to less synthesis of globin (b) 1 : 1
molecules. (c) 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
(c) Sickle cell anaemia is due to a quantitative (d) 27 : 9 : 9 : 9 : 3 : 3 : 3 : 1.
problem of globin molecules.
(d) Both are due to a qualitative defect in globin 142.
chain synthesis. Which of the following pairs is wrongly matched?
(a) Starch synthesis in pea : Multiple alleles
(b) ABO blood grouping : Co-dominance
137. In the following human pedigree, the filled symbols (c) XO type sex determination: Grasshopper
represent the affected individuals. Identify the type (d) T.H. Morgan Linkage
of given pedigree.
(i)
: types of genetically different
143. How many different
gametes will be produced by a heterozygous plant
(ii) having the genotype AABbCc?
(a) Six (b) Nine
(iii) (c) Two (d) Four

(iv) 144. Select the incorrect statement.

(a) Human males have one of their sex-chromosome
(a) Autosomal recessive much shorter than other.
(b) X-linked dominant (b) Male fruit fly is heterogametic.
(c) Autosomal dominant (c) In male grasshoppers, 50% of sperms have no
(d) X-linked recessive sex-chromosome.
(d) In domesticated fowls, sex of progeny depends
on the type of sperm rather than egg.
 MOMENTUM Test Series for NEET - 2026

145 Which of the following is suitable for experiment on 154. Represented here is the
inheritance pattern of a certain Female Male
linkage? father
mother
(a) aaBB × aaBB (b) AABB × aabb type of trait in humans. Which
(c) AaBb × AaBb (d) AAbb × AaBB one of the following conditions
could be an example of this Daughter Son
pattern?
146. Number of Barr bodies in XXXX female is (a) Phenylketonuria (b) Sickle cell anaemia
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) Haemophilia (d) Thalassemia
(c) 3 (d) 4.

147
Sex is determined in human beings 155. Which one of the following conditions correctly
(a) by ovum describes the manner of determining the sex?
(b) at time of fertilisation (a) Homozygous sex chromosomes (ZZ) determine
(c) 40 days after fertilisation female sex in birds.
(d) seventh to eight week when genitals differentiate (b) XO type of sex chromosomes determine male
in fetus. sex in grasshopper.
148 A woman has an X-linked condition on one of her (c) XO condition in humans as found in Turner’s
syndrome, determines female sex.
X chromosomes. This chromosome can be inherited
(d) Homozygous sex chromosomes (XX)
by
produce male in Drosophila.
(a) only daughters
(b) only sons 156. Which one of the following conditions in humans
(c) only grandchildren is correctly matched with its chromosomal
(d) both sons and daughters. abnormality/linkage?
(a) Erythroblastosis fetalis - X-linked
149. If a colour-blind man marries a woman who
(b) Down’s syndrome - 44 autosomes + XO
is homozygous for normal colour vision, the
probability of their son being colour-blind is (c) Klinefelter’s syndrome - 44 autosomes + XXY
(a) 0 (b) 0.5 (d) Colour blindness - Y-linked
(c) 0.75 (d) 1.
157.
Sickle-cell anaemia is
150 Which one is the incorrect statement with regard to (a) caused by substitution of valine by glutamic
the importance of pedigree analysis? acid in the beta globin chain of haemoglobin
(a) It confirms that DNA is the carrier of genetic (b) caused by a change in a single base pair of DNA
information. (c) characterized by elongated sickle like RBCs
(b) It helps to understand whether the trait in with a nucleus
question is dominant or recessive. (d) an autosomal linked dominant trait.
(c) It confirms that the trait is linked to one of the
autosome. 158 Mongolian Idiocy due to trisomy in 21st chromsome
(d) It helps to trace the inheritance of a specific is called
trait. (a) Down’s syndrome
151. Lack of independent assortment of two genes A and (b) Turner’s syndrome
B in fruit fly Drosophila is due to (c) Klinefelter’s syndrome
(a) repulsion (b) recombination (d) Triple X syndrome.
(c) linkage (d) crossing over.
159. Haemophilic man marries a normal woman. Their
offspring will be
152. Segregation of Mendelian factors (no linkage, no (a) all haemophilic
crossing over) occurs during (b) all boys haemophilic
(a) anaphase I (b) anaphase II
(c) all girls haemophilic
(c) diplotene (d) metaphase I.
(d) all normal.
In Drosophila, the XXY condition leads to femaleness
160 whereas in human beings the same condition leads
153. A family of five daughter only is expecting sixth to Klinefelter’s syndrome in male. It proves
issue. The chance of its being a son is
(a) in human beings Y chromosome is active in sex
(a) zero (b) 25%
determination
(c) 50% (d) 100%. (b) Y chromosome is active in sex determination in
both human beings and Drosophila
(c) in Drosophila Y chromosome decides femaleness
(d) Y chromosome of man have genes for syndrome.
 MOMENTUM Test Series for NEET - 2026

169. A person whose father is colour blind marries a lady

161 Haemophilia is more commonly seen in human whose mother is daughter of a colour blind man.
males than in human females because Their children will be
(a) a greater proportion of girls die in infancy (a) all sons colour blind
(b) this disease is due to a Y-linked recessive (b) some sons normal and some colour blind
mutation (c) all colour blind
(c) this disease is due to an X-linked recessive (d) all daughters normal.
mutation
170. A person with the sex chromosomes XXY suffers
(d) this disease is due to an X-linked dominant
from
mutation.
(a) gynandromorphism
162 A woman with normal vision, but whose father was
(b) Klinefelter’s syndrome
colour blind, marries a colour blind man. Suppose
(c) Down’s syndrome
that the fourth child of this couple was a boy. This
boy (d) Turner’s syndrome.
(a) may be colour blind or may be of normal vision 171. Pattern baldness, moustaches and beard in human
(b) must be colour blind males are examples of
(c) must have normal colour vision (a) sex linked traits
(d) will be partially colour blind since he is (b) sex limited traits
heterozygous for the colour blind mutant allele. (c) sex influenced traits
(d) sex determining traits.
163. The genes, which remain confined to differential
region of Y-chromosome, are 172. Which of the following is a correct match?
(a) autosomal genes (b) holandric genes (a) Down’s syndrome - 21st chromosome
(b) Sickle cell anaemia - X-chromosome
(c) completely sex-linked genes
(c) Haemophilia - Y-chromosome
(d) mutant genes. (d) Parkinson’s disease - X and Y chromosome
164. Both husband and wife have normal vision though
their fathers were colour blind. The probability of
their daughter becoming colour blind is 173. Which one of the following symbols and its
(a) 0% (b) 25% representation, used in human pedigree analysis is
correct?
(c) 50% (d) 75%.
(a) Mating between relatives
(b) Unaffected male
165. Down’s syndrome is due to
(a) crossing over (c) Unaffected female
(b) linkage (d) Male affected
(c) sex-linked inheritance 174
(d) non-disjunction of chromosomes. Which of the following most appropriately describes
haemophilia?
166 (a) Chromosomal disorder
A colour blind mother and normal father would
have (b) Dominant gene disorder
(c) Recessive gene disorder
(a) colour blind sons and normal/carrier daughters
(d) X-linked recessive gene disorder
(b) colour blind sons and daughters
(c) all colour blind
Study the pedigree chart given below. What does it
(d) all normal. 175
show?
167 Of a normal couple, half the sons are haemophiliac
while half the daughters are carriers. The gene is
located on
(a) X-chromosome of father
(b) Y-chromosome of father (a) Inheritance of a condition like phenylketonuria
(c) one X-chromosome of mother as an autosomal recessive trait.
(d) both the X-chromosomes of mother. (b) The pedigree chart is wrong as this is not
possible.
(c) Inheritance of a recessive sex-linked disease like
168. In Down’s syndrome of a male child, the sex haemophilia.
complement is (d) Inheritance of a sex-linked inborn error of
(a) XO (b) XY metabolism like phenylketonuria.
(c) XX (d) XXY.
176. How many true breeding pea plant varieties did 179. How many different kinds of gametes will be
Mendel select as pairs, which were similar except in produced by a plant having the genotype AABbCC?
one character with contrasting traits? (a) Two (b) Three
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) Four (d) Nine
(c) 14 (d) 8
177. A gene showing co-dominance has
(a) alleles that are recessive to each other 180. Mendel’s last law is
(b) both alleles independently expressed in the (a) segregation
heterozygote (b) dominance
(c) one allele dominant on the other (c) independent assortment
(d) alleles tightly linked on the same chromosome. (d) polygenic inheritance.

Which one of the following conditions of the zygotic

cell would lead to the birth of a normal human
178
female child?
(a) Two X chromosomes
(b) Only one Y chromosome
(c) Only one X chromosome
(d) One X and one Y chromosome

BIOLOGY BY S.V.CHENCHU SIR

MSc (Botany).,M.Phil(Botany).,M.A.(Edn).,BEd.,P.G.D.C.A.,
9933268102

ANSWER KEY FOR PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105

A C A C C B D D B D D B A C D
106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120
A C C C D D B A C A A A B B D
121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135
C B D D B D A A B A C C D B B
136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150
B A B C B A A D D B C B D A A
151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165
C A C C B C B A D A C A B A D
166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180
A C B D B C A A D A C B A A C