1

Complex Numbers
Topic 1 Complex Number in Iota Form
ObjectiveQuestionsI (Onlyonecorrectoption) 2 + 3i sin θ
6. A value of θ for which is purely imaginary, is
2z − n 1 − 2i sin θ (2016Main)
1 Let z ∈ C with Im (z ) = 10 and it satisfies = 2i − 1
 3
2z + n π π −1  1 
(a) (b) (c) sin −1   (d) sin  
forsomenaturalnumber n,then (2019Main,12AprilII) 3 6  4   3
(a) n = 20 and Re(z ) = − 10 (b) n = 40 and Re(z ) = 10 6i –3 i 1
(c) n = 40 and Re(z ) = − 10 (d) n = 20 and Re(z ) = 10 7. If 4 3i –1 = x + iy, then (1998,2M)
α + i  20 3 i
2 Allthepointsintheset S= : α ∈ R (i = −1 ) lie
 α − i  (a) x = 3, y = 1 (b) x = 1, y = 1 (c) x = 0, y = 3 (d) x = 0, y = 0
ona (2019Main,9AprilI) 13
(a)circlewhoseradiusis 2. 8. Thevalueofsum ∑ (i n + i n + 1 ),where i = −1,equals
(b)straightlinewhoseslopeis −1. n =1
(1998,2M)
(c) circlewhoseradiusis1. (a) i (b) i − 1 (c) − i (d)0
n
(d)straightlinewhoseslopeis1.  1 + i
5 + 3z 9. The smallest positive integer n for which   = 1, is
3 Let z ∈ C besuchthat |z|< 1.If ω = ,then 1 − i
5(1 − z ) (a) 8 (b)16 (1980,2M)
(2019Main,9AprilII) (c)12 (d)Noneofthese
(a) 4 Im(ω) > 5 (b) 5 Re (ω) > 1
(c) 5 Im (ω) < 1 (d) 5 Re(ω) > 4 ObjectiveQuestionII
3
x + iy (Oneormorethanonecorrectoption)
4 Let  −2 −
1 
i = (i = −1 ), where x and y are real
 3  27 10. Let a , b, x and y be real numbers such that a − b = 1 and
numbers,then y − x equals (2019Main,11JanI) y ≠ 0. If the complex number z = x + iy satisfies
(a) 91 (b) 85 (c) –85 (d) –91  az + b
Im   = y, then which of the following is(are)
 π  3 + 2i sin θ   z+1
5. Let A = θ ∈  −
, π : is purely imaginary 
  2  1 − 2i sin θ  possible value(s) of x? (2017Adv.)

Then,thesumoftheelementsin A is (2019Main,9JanI) (a) 1 − 1 + y 2 (b) − 1 − 1 − y 2

3π 5π 2π
(a) (b) (c) π (d) (c) 1 + 1 + y 2 (d) − 1 + 1 − y2
4 6 3

Topic 2 Conjugate and Modulus of a Complex Number

ObjectiveQuestionsI (Onlyonecorrectoption) (1 + i )2 2
2 If a > 0 and z = ,hasmagnitude ,then z is
1 The equation|z − i| = |z − 1|, i = −1, represents a−i 5
equalto (2019Main,10AprilI)
1 (2019Main,12AprilI)
(a) acircleofradius 1 3 1 3
2 (a) − i (b) − − i
5 5 5 5
(b) thelinepassingthroughtheoriginwithslope1 1 3 3 1
(c)acircleofradius1 (c) − + i (d) − − i
5 5 5 5
(d) thelinepassingthroughtheoriginwithslope −1
2 Complex Numbers

3 Let z1 and z2 be two complex numbers satisfying| z1 | = 9 12. If w = α + iβ, where β ≠ 0 and z ≠ 1, satisfies the
and | z2 − 3 − 4i | = 4. Then, the minimum value of  w − wz 
condition that   is purely real, then the set of
| z1 − z2 |is (2019Main,12JanII)  1−z 
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) 0 valuesof z is (2006,3M)
z −α (a)| z | = 1, z ≠ 2 (b)| z | = 1 and z ≠ 1
4 If (α ∈ R) isapurelyimaginarynumberand
z+α (c) z = z (d)Noneofthese
|z| = 2,thenavalueof α is (2019Main,12JanI) z −1
13. If|z| = 1 and w = (where, z ≠ − 1),then Re (w) is
(a) 2 (b)
1
(c)1 (d)2 z+1 (2003,1M)
2 1  1  1 2
(a)0 (b) (c) ⋅ (d)
5 Let z be a complex number such that | z | + z = 3 + i |z + 1|2
z + 1 |z + 1|
2
|z + 1|2
(where i = − 1).
14. For all complex numbers z1 , z2 satisfying |z1| = 12 and
Then,| z |isequalto (2019Main,11JanII)
|z2 − 3 − 4i| = 5,theminimum valueof |z1 − z2|is
34 5 41 5
(a) (b) (c) (d) (a)0 (b)2 (2002,1M)
3 3 4 4
(c)7 (d)17
6. A complex number z is said to be unimodular, if z ≠ 1. 15. If z1 , z2 and z3 are complex numbers such that
z1 – 2z2
If z1 and z2 are complex numbers such that is 1 1 1
2 – z1z2 |z1| = |z2| = |z3| =  + + = 1, then |z1 + z2 + z3|is
z1 z2 z3
unimodular and z2 isnot unimodular.
(a)equalto1 (b)lessthan1 (2000,2M)
Then, the point z 1 lies on a (2015Main)
(c)greaterthan3 (d)equalto3
(a)straightlineparallelto X-axis
16. For positive integers n1 , n2 the value of expression
(b)straightlineparallelto Y -axis
(1 + i )n 1 + (1 + i3 )n1 + (1 + i5 )n 2 + (1 + i7 )n 2 ,here
(c)circleofradius2
i = −1 isarealnumber,ifandonlyif (1996,2M)
(d)circleofradius 2
(a) n1 = n 2 + 1 (b) n1 = n 2 − 1
7. If z is a complex number such that |z| ≥ 2, then the (c) n1 = n 2 (d) n1 > 0, n 2 > 0
1 17. The sin x + i cos 2x
minimumvalueof z+ complex numbers and
2 (2014Main) cos x − i sin 2x areconjugatetoeachother,for
(a)isequalto5/2 (a) x = nπ (b) x = 0 (1988,2M)
(b)liesintheinterval(1,2) (c) x = (n + 1/2) π (d)novalueof x
(c)isstrictlygreaterthan5/2 18. The points z1 , z2, z3 and z4 in the complex plane are the
(d)isstrictlygreaterthan3/2butlessthan5/2 vertices of a parallelogram taken in order, if and only if
8. Let complex numbers α and 1 /α lies on circles (a) z1 + z4 = z2 + z3 (b) z1 + z3 = z2 + z4 (1983,1M)
(x − x0 )2 + ( y − y0 )2 = r 2 and (x − x0 )2 + ( y − y0 )2 = 4r 2, (c) z1 + z2 = z3 + z4 (d)Noneofthese
respectively. 19. If z = x + iy and w = (1 − iz ) / (z − i ), then |w| = 1 implies
If z0 = x0 + iy0 satisfies the equation 2|z0|2 = r 2 + 2, then
that,inthecomplexplane (1983,1M)
|α |isequalto (2013Adv.)
1 1 1 1 (a) z liesontheimaginaryaxis(b) z liesontherealaxis
(a) (b) (c) (d) (c) z liesontheunitcircle(d)Noneofthese
2 2 7 3
9. Let z be a complex number such that the imaginary part 20. The inequality |z − 4| < |z − 2| represents the region
of z is non-zero and a = z 2 + z + 1 is real. Then, a cannot givenby (1982,2M)
takethevalue (2012) (a) Re (z ) ≥ 0 (b) Re (z ) < 0
1 1 3 (c) Re (z ) > 0 (d)Noneofthese
(a) − 1 (b) (c) (d)
3 2 4 5 5
 3 i  3 i
10. Let z = x + iy be a complex number where, x and y are 21. If z =  +  + −  ,then
 2 2  2 2 (1982,2M)
integers. Then, the area of the rectangle whose vertices
(a) Re (z ) = 0 (b) Im (z ) = 0
aretherootoftheequation zz3 + zz3 = 350, is (2009)
(c) Re (z ) > 0, Im (z ) > 0 (d) Re (z ) > 0, Im (z ) < 0
(a)48 (b)32 (c)40 (d)80
z 22. The complex numbers z = x + iy which satisfy the
11. If|z|= 1 and z ≠ ± 1,thenallthevaluesof lieon z − 5i 
1 − z2 equation  = 1,lieon
(a)alinenotpassingthroughtheorigin (2007,3M) z + 5i  (1981,2M)
(b)|z|= 2 (a)the X-axis
(c)the X-axis (b)thestraightline y = 5
(d)the Y-axis (c)acirclepassingthroughtheorigin
(d)Noneoftheabove
 Complex Numbers 3

ObjectiveQuestionsII PassageII
(Oneormorethanonecorrectoption) Let S = S1 ∩ S 2 ∩ S3 , where
 z − 1 + 3 i  
23. Let s, t, r be non-zero complex numbers and L be the set of S1 = { z ∈ C :|z | < 4}, S 2 = z ∈ C : lm   > 0
solutions z = x + iy (x, y ∈ R, i = − 1 ) of the equation   1− 3i  
sz + tz + r = 0, where z = x − iy. Then, which of the and S3 : { z ∈ C : Re z > 0} (2008)
followingstatement(s)is(are)TRUE? (2018Adv.)
29. Let z beany pointin A ∩ B ∩ C.
(a)If L hasexactlyoneelement,then | s|≠ |t |
The|z + 1 − i|2 + |z − 5 − i|2 liesbetween
(b)If |s|=|t |,then L hasinfinitelymanyelements
(a)25and29 (b)30and34
(c) The number of elements in L ∩ {z :| z − 1 + i| = 5} is at most (c)35and39 (d)40and44
2
30. Thenumberofelementsintheset A ∩ B ∩ C is
(d) If L has more than one element, then L has infinitely many
elements (a)0 (b)1
(c)2 (d) ∞
24. Let z1 and z2 be complex numbers such that z1 ≠ z2 and
|z1| = |z2|. If z1 has positive real part and z2 has negative MatchtheColumns
z + z2
imaginarypart,then 1 maybe (1986,2M) 31. Match the statements of Column I with those of
z1 − z2 Column II.
(a)zero
(b)realandpositive Here, z takes values in the complex plane and Im (z )
(c)realandnegative and Re (z ) denote respectively, the imaginary part and
(d)purelyimaginary
the real part of z (2010)

25. If z1 = a + ib and z2 = c + id are complex numbers such ColumnI Column II

that |z1| = |z2| = 1 and Re (z1z2) = 0, then the pair of A. Thesetofpoints z satisfying p. anellipsewith
complexnumbers w1 = a + ic and w2 = b + id satisfies | z − i| z|| = | z + i | z|| is eccentricity4/5
(a)|w1| = 1 (b)|w2| = 1 (1985,2M) containedinorequalto
(c) Re (w1 w2 ) = 0 (d) None of these B. Thesetofpoints z satisfying q. thesetofpoints z
| z + 4| + | z − 4| = 0 is satisfying Im ( z) = 0
PassageBasedProblems containedinorequalto
C. If| w| = 2 ,thenthesetof r. thesetofpoints z
Read the following passages and answer the questions
points z = w −
1
iscontained satisfying|Im( z) |≤ 1
thatfollow. w
PassageI inorequalto
Let A, B, C be three sets of complex number as defined D. If| w| = 1,thenthesetofpoints s. thesetofpoints
below 1
z = w + iscontainedinor satisfying|Re( z)|≤ 2
t.
A = { z : lm (z ) ≥ 1} w thesetofpoints z
B = { z :|z − 2 − i| = 3} equalto satisfying| z| ≤ 3
C = { z : Re((1 − i )z ) = 2 } (2008,12M)
26. min|1 − 3i − z|isequalto FillintheBlanks
z ∈s
2− 3 2+ 3 32. If α , β, γ are the cube roots of p, p < 0, then for any x, y
(a) (b) xα + yβ + z γ
2 2 and z then = ... .
3− 3 3+ 3 xβ + yγ + z α (1990,2M)
(c) (d)
2 2 33. For any two complex numbers z1 , z2 and any real
27. Areaof S isequalto numbers a and b,|az1 − bz2|2+ |bz1 + az2|2 = K .
10 π 20 π 16 π 32 π (1988,2M)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3   x  x 
sin  2 + cos  2 − i tan (x)
28. Let z be any point in A ∩ B ∩ C and let w be any point 34. If the expression  
  x 
satisfying|w − 2 − i| < 3.Then, |z | − |w| + 3 liesbetween 1 + 2 i sin  2 
 
(a) − 6 and3 (b) − 3 and6
isreal,thenthesetofallpossiblevaluesof x is….
(c) − 6 and6 (d) − 3 and9 (1987,2M)
4 Complex Numbers

True/False 41. Forcomplexnumbers z and w,provethat

35. If three complex numbers are in AP. Then, they lie on a | z |2 w − |w|2 z = z − w, ifandonlyif z = w or z w = 1.
(1999,10M)
circleinthecomplexplane (1985M)
42. Findallnon-zerocomplexnumbers z satisfying
36. If the complex numbers, z1 , z2 and z3 represent the
z = iz 2. (1996,2M)
vertices of an equilateral triangle such that
| z1 | = | z2 | = | z3 |, then z1 + z2 + z3 = 0. (1984,1M) 43. If iz + z − z + i = 0,
3 2
then show that |z| = 1.
(1995,5M)
37. For complex numbers z1 = x1 + iy1 and z2 = x2 + iy2, we
write z1 ∩ z2, if x1 ≤ x2 and y1 ≤ y2. Then, for all complex
44. A relation R on the set of complex numbers is defined
z1 − z2
1−z by z1 R z2,ifandonly if isreal.
numbers z with 1 ∩ z, we have ∩ 0. (1981,2M) z1 + z2
1+ z
Showthat R isanequivalencerelation. (1982,2M)
Analytical&DescriptiveQuestions 45. Find the real values of x and y for which the following
38. Find the centre and radius of the circle formed by all the equationissatisfied
pointsrepresentedby z = x + iy satisfyingtherelation (1 + i ) x − 2i (2 − 3i ) y + i
+ = i. (1980,2M)
3+ i 3−i
z − α 
  = k (k ≠ 1), where α and β are the constant
z −β 1
46. Express intheform A + iB.
complexnumbersgivenby α = α 1 + iα 2, β = β1 + iβ 2. (1 − cos θ ) + 2i sin θ (1979,3M)
(2004,2M)
a + ib a 2 + b2
39. Prove that there exists no complex number z such that 47. If x + iy = ,provethat (x2 + y2)2 =
n c + id c2 + d 2
|z| < 1 /3 and ∑ a rz r = 1,where |a r|< 2. (1978,2M)
r =1 (2003,2M) IntegerAnswerTypeQuestion
40. If z1 and z2 are two complex numbers such that 48. If z is any complex number satisfying | z − 3 − 2i | ≤ 2,
1 − z1z2 thenthemaximumvalueof |2z − 6 + 5i |is…… (2011)
|z1| < 1 < |z2|,thenprovethat < 1. (2003,2M)
z1 − z2

Topic 3 Argument of a Complex Number

ObjectiveQuestionsI (Onlyonecorrectoption) 5. Let z and w be two non-zero complex numbers
suchthat |z| = |w| andarg (z ) + arg (w) = π,then z
1. Let z1 and z2 be any two non-zero complex numbers such
equals (1995,2M)
3z1 2z2
that 3|z1| = 4|z2|.If z = + , then (a) w (b) −w (c) w (d) −w
2z2 3z1 (2019Main,10JanI)
6. If z1 and z2 are two non-zero complex numbers such
1 17
(a) |z| = (b) Im(z ) = 0 that|z1 + z2| = |z1| + |z2|, then arg (z1 ) − arg (z2) is equal
2 2 to (1987,2M)
(c) Re(z) = 0 (d) |z| =
5 π π
(a) − π (b) − (c)0 (d)
2 2 2
2. If z is a complex number of unit modulus and argument 7. If a , b, c and u , v, w are the complex numbers
 1 + z representing the vertices of two triangles such that
θ,thenarg   isequalto (2013Main)
1 + z c = (1 − r ) a + rb and w = (1 − r ) u + rv, where r is a
complexnumber,thenthetwotriangles (1985,2M)
π
(a) − θ (b) −θ (c) θ (d) π − θ (a)havethesamearea (b)aresimilar
2
(c)arecongruent (d)Noneofthese
3. Ifarg (z ) < 0 ,thenarg (−z ) − arg (z ) equals (2000,2M)
(a) π (b) − π ObjectiveQuestionsII
(c) − π /2 (d) π /2 (Oneormorethanonecorrectoption)
4. Let z and w be two complex numbers such that |z| ≤ 1, 8. For a non-zero complex number z, let arg(z ) denote the
|w| ≤ 1 and|z + i w|= |z − iw| = 2 ,then z equals principal argument with − π < arg(z ) ≤ π . Then, which of
(1995,2M) thefollowingstatement(s)is(are)FALSE? (2018Adv.)
(a)1or i (b) i or −i π
(c)1or −1 (d) i or −1 (a) arg (−1 − i ) = , where i = −1
4
 Complex Numbers 5

(b) The function f : R → (− π, π], defined by MatchtheColumns

f (t ) = arg (−1 + it ) for all t ∈ R, is continuous at all
pointsof R,where i = −1. 10. Match the conditions/expressions in Column I with
statementinColumn II ( z ≠ 0 isacomplexnumber)
(c) For any two non-zero complex numbers z1 and z2,
z  ColumnI ColumnII
arg  1  − arg (z1 ) + arg (z2 ) is an integer multiple of
 z2  A. Re ( z) = 0 p. Re ( z2 ) = 0
2π. B. π q. Im ( z2 ) = 0
arg ( z) =
(d) For any three given distinct complex numbers z1 , z2 and 4
z3 , the locus of the point z satisfying the condition r. Re ( z2 ) = Im ( z2 )
 (z − z1 ) (z2 − z3 ) 
arg   = π,liesonastraightline.
 (z − z3 ) (z2 − z1 )  Analytical&DescriptiveQuestions
9. Let z1 and z2 be two distinct complex numbers and let 11. |z| ≤ 1,|w|≤ 1, thenshowthat
z = (1 − t ) z1 + tz2 for some real number t with 0 < t < 1. If |z − w|2 ≤ (|z| − |w|)2 + (arg z − arg w)2 (1995,5M)
arg (w) denotes the principal argument of a non-zero 12. Let z1 = 10 + 6i and z2 = 4 + 6i. If z is any complex
complexnumber w,then (2010)
number such that the argument of (z − z1 ) / (z − z2) is
(a) |z − z1| + |z − z2|= |z1 − z2|(b) arg (z − z1 ) = arg (z − z2 )
π /4,thenprovethat |z − 7 − 9i| = 3 2. (1991,4M)
z − z1 z − z1
(c) =0 (d) arg (z − z1 ) = arg (z2 − z1 )
z2 − z1 z2 − z1

Topic 4 Rotation of a Complex Number

ObjectiveQuestionsI (Onlyonecorrectoption) π
(d)|z − 1|< 2,| arg (z + 1)|>
5 5 2
 3 i  3 i π
1. Let z =  +  + −  .If R(z ) and I (z ) 5. If 0 < α < is a fixed angle. If P = (cos θ ,sin θ ) and
 2 2  2 2 2
Q = {cos(α − θ ),sin(α − θ )},then Q isobtainedfrom P by
respectively denote the real and imaginary parts of z,
(2002,2M)
then (2019Main,10JanII)
(a) R (z ) > 0 and I (z ) > 0 (b) I (z ) = 0 (a) clockwiserotationaroundoriginthroughanangle α
(c) R (z ) < 0 and I (z ) > 0 (d) R (z ) = − 3 (b) anti-clockwise rotation around origin through an angleα
(c) reflectioninthelinethroughoriginwithslopetan α
2. A particle P starts from the point z0 = 1 + 2 i, where α
(d) reflectioninthelinethroughoriginwithslopetan
i = −1. It moves first horizontally away from origin by 2
5 units and then vertically away from origin by 3 units
6. The complex numbers z1 , z2 and z3 satisfying
to reach a point z1. From z1 the particle moves 2 units
z1 − z3 1 − i 3
in the direction of the vector $i + $j and then it moves = aretheverticesofatrianglewhichis
π z2 − z3 2 (2001,1M)
through an angle in anti-clockwise direction on a
2 (a)ofareazero
circle with centre at origin, to reach a point z2. The point (b)rightangledisosceles
z2 isgivenby (2008,3M) (c)equilateral
(a) 6 + 7i (b) −7 + 6i (c) 7 + 6i (d) − 6 + 7i (d)obtuseangledisosceles

3. A man walks a distance of 3 units from the origin ObjectiveQuestionsII

towards the North-East (N 45° E) direction. From there,
he walks a distance of 4 units towards the North-West (Oneormorethanonecorrectoption)
(N45° W) direction to reach a point P. Then, the 7. Let a , b ∈ R and a 2 + b2 ≠ 0.
positionof P inthe Argand planeis (2007,3M)
 1 
(a) 3ei π/ 4 + 4 i (b) (3 − 4 i ) ei π / 4 (c) (4 + 3 i )ei π / 4 (d) Suppose S = z ∈ C : z = , t ∈ R, t ≠ 0,where
(3 + 4 i ) ei π / 4  a + i bt 
i = − 1.If z = x + iy and z ∈ S,then (x, y) lieson
4. The shaded region, where P = (−1, 0), Q = (−1 + 2 , 2 )
(2016Adv.)
R = (−1 + 2 , − 2 ), S = (1, 0) is represented by (2005, 1M)
and centre 
1 1 
Y (a) thecirclewithradius , 0 for
π 2a  2a 
(a)|z + 1|> 2,| arg (z + 1)|< Q
4 a > 0, b ≠ 0
π
and centre  −
(b)|z + 1|< 2,| arg (z + 1)|< 1 1 
X′ X (b) thecirclewithradius − , 0 for a <
2 P O S 2a  2a 
π
(c)|z + 1|> 2,| arg (z + 1)|> 0, b ≠ 0
4 R
(c) the X-axisfor a ≠ 0, b = 0
Y′
6 Complex Numbers

(d) the Y-axisfor a = 0, b ≠ 0 13. Let bz + bz = c, b ≠ 0, be a line in the complex plane,

where b is the complex conjugate of b. If a point z1 is the
3+i reflectionofthepoint z2 throughtheline,thenshow
8. Let W = and P = {W n: n = 1, 2, 3,... }.
2 that c = z1 b + z2b. (1997C,5M)
 1
14. Let z1 and z2 be the roots of the equation z + pz + q = 0,
2
Further H 1 = z ∈ C : Re (z ) > 
 2
where the coefficients p and q may be complex numbers.
 −1  Let A and B represent z1 and z2 in the complex plane. If
and H 2 = z ∈ C : Re (z ) < , where C is the set of all
 2  ∠ AOB = α ≠ 0 and OA = OB, where O is the origin prove
complex numbers. If z1 ∈ P ∩ H 1, z2 ∈ P ∩ H 2 and O α
that p2 = 4q cos 2  .
representstheorigin,then ∠ z1Oz2 isequalto  2 (1997,5M)
(2013JEEAdv.)
π 15. Complexnumbers z1 , z2, z3 arethevertices A , B, C
(a)
2 respectivelyofanisoscelesrightangledtrianglewith
π rightangleat C.Showthat
(b)
6 (z1 − z2)2 = 2(z1 − z3 ) (z3 − z2). (1986, 2 1 M)
2
2π
(c)
3 16. Show that the area of the triangle on the argand
5π diagram formed by the complex number z , iz and z + iz
(d) 1
6 is |z|2.
2 (1986, 2 1 M)
2
FillintheBlanks 17. Prove that the complex numbers z1 , z2 and the origin
9. Suppose z1 , z2, z3 are the vertices of an equilateral formanequilateraltriangleonlyif z12 + z22 − z1z2 = 0.
triangle inscribed in the circle |z| = 2. If z1 = 1 + i 3, (1983,2M)
then z2 = K, z3 = …. (1994,2M)
18. Let the complex numbers z1 , z2 and z3 be the vertices of
an equilateral triangle. Let z0 be the circumcentre of the
10. ABCD is a rhombus. Its diagonals AC and BD intersect triangle.Then,provethat z12 + z22 + z32 = 3z02. (1981,4M)
at the point M and satisfy BD = 2 AC . If the points D and
M represent the complex numbers 1 + i and 2 − i
respectively, then A represents the complex number
IntegerAnswerTypeQuestion
kπ   kπ 
…or… (1993,2M)
19. For any integer k, let α k = cos 
 + i sin   , where
 7  7
11. If a and b are real numbers between 0 and 1 such that
the points z1 = a + i , z2 = 1 + bi and z3 = 0 form an i = −1.Thevalueoftheexpression
equilateral triangle, then a = K and b = K . (1990,2M) 12

∑|α k + 1 − α k|
k =1
Analytical&DescriptiveQuestions 3
is

12. If one of the vertices of the square circumscribing the ∑|α 4k − 1 − α 4k − 2|

k =1 (2016Adv.)
circle|z − 1| = 2 is 2 + 3i. Find the other vertices of
square. (2005,4M)

Topic 5 De-Moivre’s Theorem, Cube Roots and nth Roots of Unity

ObjectiveQuestionsI (Onlyonecorrectoption) 3. Let z0 be a root of the quadratic equation, x2 + x + 1 = 0,
1. If z and w are two complex numbers such that| zw| = 1 If z = 3 + 6iz081 − 3iz093 ,thenarg z isequalto
π (2019Main,9JanII)
and arg(z ) − arg(w) = ,then (2019Main,10AprilII) π π π
2 (a) (b) (c)0 (d)
4 6 3
1− i
(a) zw = − i (b) zw = 15
2 4. Let z = cos θ + i sin θ . Then, the value of ∑ Im (z2m −1 ) at
− 1+ i m =1
(c) zw = i (d) zw =
2 θ = 2° is (2009)
1 1
3 i (a) (b)
2. If z = + (i = −1 ),then (1 + iz + z5 + iz 8 )9 isequal sin 2° 3 sin 2°
2 2
to (2019Main,8AprilII) 1 1
(c) (d)
(a) 1 (b) (−1 + 2i )9 (c) −1 (d) 0 2 sin 2° 4 sin 2°
 Complex Numbers 7

5. The minimum value of |a + bω + cω 2|, where a, b and c Codes

are all not equal integers and ω (≠ 1) is a cube root of P Q R S
unity, is (a) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii)
(2005,1M) (b) (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)
1 (c) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(a) 3 (b) (c) 1 (d) 0 (d) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
2
6. If ω (≠ 1) be a cube root of unity and (1 + ω 2)n = (1 + ω 4 )n, FillintheBlanks
thentheleastpositivevalueof n is (2004,1M)
2π 2π
(a)2 (b)3 (c)5 (d)6 14. Let ω be the complex number cos + i sin . Then
3 3
1 3 thenumberofdistinctcomplexnumber z satisfying
7. Let ω = − +i , then value of the determinant
2 2 z+1 ω ω2
1 1 1
ω z+ω 2
1 = 0 isequalto....
1 −1 − ω 2 ω 2 is (2002,1M)
ω 2
1 z+ω
1 ω2 ω (2010)
(a) 3 ω (b) 3 ω (ω − 1) (c) 3 ω2 (d) 3 ω (1 − ω) 15. Thevalueoftheexpression
8. Let z1 and z2 be nth roots of unity which subtend a right 1 ( 2 − ω ) (2 − ω 2) + 2(3 − ω ) (3 − ω 2) + ...
+ (n − 1) ⋅ (n − ω ) (n − ω 2) ,
angled at the origin, then n must be of the form (where, k
isaninteger) (2001,1M) where, ω is an imaginary cube root of unity, is….
(1996,2M)
(a) 4k + 1 (b) 4k + 2 (c) 4k + 3 (d) 4k
334 365
 1 i 3  1 i 3 True/False
9. If i = −1, then 4 + 5  − +  + 3 − +  is
 2 2   2 2  16. The cube roots of unity when represented on Argand
equalto (1999,2M) diagramformtheverticesofanequilateraltriangle.
(1988,1M)
(a) 1 − i 3 (b) −1 + i 3 (c) i 3 (d) −i 3
10. If ω is an imaginary cube root of unity, then (1 + ω − ω 2)7 Analytical&DescriptiveQuestions
isequalto (1998,2M)
17. Let a complex number α , α ≠ 1, be a root of the equation
(a) 128 ω (b) −128 ω (c) 128 ω2 (d) −128 ω2
z p + q − z p − zq + 1 = 0
11. If ω (≠ 1) is a cube root of unity and (1 + ω ) = A + Bω, 7

then A and B arerespectively where, p and q aredistinctprimes.Showthateither

(1995,2M)
1 + α + α 2 + ... + α p − 1 = 0
(a)0,1 (b)1,1
or 1 + α + α 2 + ... + α q − 1 = 0
(c)1,0 (d)–1,1
6 butnotbothtogether. (2002,5M)
 2 πk 2 πk 
12. The value of ∑ sin 7
– i cos
7 
 is (1998,2M)
18. If 1, a1 , a 2, ... , a n − 1 are the n roots of unity, then show
k =1

(a) – 1 (b)0 (c) – i (d) i that (1 − a1 ) (1 − a 2) (1 − a3 ) K (1 − a n − 1 ) = n

(1984,2M)
MatchtheColumns 19. It is given that n is an odd integer greater than 3, but n
2 kπ   2 kπ  is not a multiple of 3. Prove that x3 + x2 + x is a factor
13. Let zk = cos   + i sin   ; k = 1, 2, …9. of (x + 1)n − xn − 1 .
 10   10 
(1980,3M)
ColumnI ColumnII 20. If x = a + b, y = aα + bβ, z = aβ + bα , where α , β are
P. Foreach zk, thereexistsa z j suchthat (i) True complex cube roots of unity, then show that
zk ⋅ z j = 1 xyz = a3 + b3 . (1979,3M)

Q. Thereexists a k ∈ { 1, 2, … , 9 } suchthat (ii) False

z1 ⋅ z = zk hasnosolution z inthesetof IntegerAnswerTypeQuestion
complexnumbers 21. Let ω = eiπ /3 and a , b, c, x, y, z be non-zero complex
R. |1 − z1||1 − z2| … |1 − z9| (iii) 1 numbers such that a + b + c = x, a + bω + cω 2 = y,
10
equal a + bω 2 + cω = z.
| x|2 + | y|2 + | z |2
2 kπ 
1 − ∑ cos 
9
S. (iv) 2 Then, the value of is …… (2011)
 equals | a |2 + | b|2 + | c|2
k =1  10 

(2011)
8 Complex Numbers

Answers
Topic1 1 cot (θ / 2 )
46. A + iB = −i 48. 5
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (a)  2 θ 1 + 3 cos2 (θ / 2 )
2  1 + 3 cos 
5. (d) 6. (d) 7. (d) 8. (b)  2
9. (d) 10. (b,d) Topic3
Topic2 1. (*) 2. (c) 3. (a)
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (d) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (c) 7. (b)
5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (c) 8. (a,b,d) 9. (a,c,d) 10. A → q;B → p
9. (d) 10. (a) 11. (d) 12. (b) Topic4
13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (a) 16. (d) 1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (a)
17. (d) 18. (b) 19. (b) 20. (d) 5. (d) 6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (c,d)
21. (b) 22. (a) 23. (a,c,d) 24. (a,d) i 3i
9. z 2 = − 2, z 3 = 1 − i 3 10. 3 − or 1 −
25. (a,b,c) 26. (c) 27. (b) 28. (d) 2 2
29. (c) 30. (b) 11. a = b = 2 ± 3
31. A → q,r; B → p; C → p,s,t; D → q,r,s,t 32. ω 2
12. z 2 = − 3 i , z 3 = (1 − 3 ) + i and z 4 = (1 + 3 ) − i
33. (a 2 + b 2 )(| z1| 2 + | z 2| 2 ) 19. (4)
34. x = 2nπ + 2α , α = tan −1 k, where k ∈(1, 2 ) or x = 2nπ Topic5
35. False 36. True 37. True 1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (a)
α − k 2β k (α − β ) 4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (b)
38. Centre = , Radius =  
1 − k2  1 −k 
2
7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (d)
 3 i 11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (c) 14. (1)
42. z = i , ± –
2 2 
2
 n (n + 1 )
 15.   −n 16. True 21. (3)
 2 
45. (x = 3 and y = −1)

Hints & Solutions

Topic 1 Complex Number in Iota Form  α 2 − 1
2
 2α 
2
Now, x2 + y2 =  2  + 2 
1. Let z = x + 10i,as Im (z ) = 10 (given).  α + 1  α + 1
Since z satisfies,
2z − n α 4 + 1 − 2α 2 + 4α 2 (α 2 + 1)2
= 2i − 1, n ∈ N , = = 2 =1
2z + n (α 2 + 1)2 (α + 1)2

∴ (2x + 20i − n ) = (2i − 1) (2x + 20i + n ) ⇒ x2 + y 2 = 1

⇒ (2x − n ) + 20i = (− 2x − n − 40) + (4x + 2n − 20)i Whichisanequationofcirclewithcentre(0,0)and
Oncomparingrealandimaginaryparts,weget radius1unit.
2x − n = − 2x − n − 40 and 20 = 4x + 2n − 20 α + i 
So, S =  ; α ∈ R liesonacirclewithradius1.
⇒ 4x = − 40 and 4x + 2n = 40 α − i 
⇒ x = − 10 and − 40 + 2n = 40 ⇒ n = 40 3. Givencomplexnumber
So, n = 40 and x = Re (z ) = − 10 5 + 3z
ω=
α+i 5(1 − z )
2. Let x + iy =
α −i ⇒ 5 ω − 5 ω z = 5 + 3z
(α + i )2 (α 2 − 1) + (2α )i α 2 − 1  2α  ⇒ (3 + 5 ω )z = 5 ω − 5
⇒ x + iy = 2 = = 2 + i
α +1 α2 + 1 α + 1  α 2 + 1 ⇒ |3 + 5 ω||z| = |5 ω − 5| …(i)
Oncomparingrealandimaginaryparts,weget [applyingmodulusbothsidesand |z1z2| = |z1||z2|]
Q |z| < 1
α2 −1 2α
x= and y = 2 ∴ |3 + 5 ω| > |5 ω − 5| [from Eq. (i)]
α2 + 1 α +1
 Complex Numbers 9

ω + 3 > |ω − 1| (2 + 3i sin θ) (1 + 2i sin θ )

⇒ =
 5 (1 − 2i sin θ ) (1 + 2i sin θ)
2
 3 2 + 4i sin θ + 3i sin θ + 6i 2 sin 2 θ
Let ω = x + iy,then  x +  + y2 > (x − 1)2 + y2 =
 5 12 − (2i sin θ) 2
9 6
⇒ x +2
+ x > x + 1 − 2x
2
2 + 7i sin θ − 6 sin 2 θ
25 5 =
16x 16 1 1 + 4 sin 2 θ
⇒ > ⇒ x > ⇒ 5x > 1
5 25 5 2 − 6 sin 2 θ 7 sin θ
= +i
⇒ 5 Re( ω ) > 1 1 + 4 sin 2 θ 1 + 4 sin 2 θ
x + iy  1   –1
3

3 Q Re(z ) = 0
4. Wehave, =  − 2 − i = (6 + i ) 2 − 6 sin 2 θ
27  3   3  ∴ = 0 ⇒ 2 = 6 sin 2 θ
x + iy 1 1 + 4 sin 2 θ
⇒ =− (216 + 108i + 18i 2 + i3 )
27 27 1
⇒ sin 2 θ =
1 3
=− (198 + 107i )
27 1
⇒ sin θ = ±
[Q (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3a 2b + 3ab2, i 2 = − 1, i3 = − i] 3
 1  −1  1 
Onequatingrealandimaginarypart,weget ⇒ θ = sin − 1  ±  = ± sin  
x = − 198 and y = − 107  3  3
⇒ y − x = − 107 + 198 = 91  6i −3 i 1
7. Given, 4 3i −1  = x + iy
 3 + 2i sin θ   1 + 2 i sin θ 
5. Let z =   ×  20 3 i
 1 − 2i sin θ   1 + 2 i sin θ 
 6i 1 1
(rationalisingthedenominator) ⇒ −3 i  4 −1 −1  = x + i y
3 − 4 sin 2 θ + 8i sin θ  20 i i
=
1 + 4 sin 2 θ ⇒ x + iy = 0 [Q C 2 and C3 are identical]
[Q a 2 − b2 = (a + b)(a − b) and i 2 = − 1] ⇒ x = 0, y = 0
 3 − 4 sin θ   8 sin θ 
2
13 13 13
=  + i
 1 + 4 sin 2 θ   1 + 4 sin 2 θ  8. ∑ (i n + i n + 1 ) = ∑ i n (1 + i ) = (1 + i ) ∑ in
n=1 n=1 n =1
As z ispurelyimaginary,sorealpartof z =0  i − (1 − i13 ) 
3 − 4 sin 2 θ = (1 + i ) (i + i 2 + i3 + K + i13 ) = (1 + i )  
∴ = 0 ⇒ 3 − 4 sin 2 θ = 0  1−i 
1 + 4 sin 2 θ  i (1 − i ) 
3 3 = (1 + i )   = (1 + i ) i = i − 1
⇒ sin 2 θ = ⇒ sin θ = ±  1−i 
4 2
Y AlternateSolution
1 y=sin θ Since, sum of any four consecutive powers of iota is zero.
√3/2 13
∴ ∑ (i n + i n + 1 ) = (i + i 2 + K + i13 )
–π/2 –π/3 n=1
X′ π X
O π/3 2π/3 + (i 2 + i3 + K + i14 ) = i + i 2 = i − 1
n n
 1 + i  1 + i 1 + i
–√3/2 9. Since,   =1 ⇒  ×  =1
−1 1 − i  1 − i 1 + i
Y′ n
 2i 
⇒   =1
 π π 2π   2
⇒ θ ∈ − , , 
 3 3 3  ⇒ in = 1
2π Thesmallestpositiveinteger n forwhich i n = 1 is4.
Sumofvaluesof θ = .
3 ∴ n =4
2 + 3i sin θ az + b ax + b + aiy (ax + b + aiy)((x + 1) − iy)
6. Let z = is purely imaginary. Then, we have 10. = =
1 − 2i sin θ z+1 (x + 1) + iy (x + 1)2 + y2
Re(z ) = 0
 az + b − (ax + b) y + ay(x + 1)
2 + 3i sin θ ∴ Im  =
Now,consider z =  z+1 (x + 1)2 + y2
1 − 2i sin θ
10 Complex Numbers

(a − b) y z −α
⇒ =y 4. Since, the complex number (α ∈ R) is purely
(x + 1)2 + y2 z+α
Q a − b =1 imaginarynumber,therefore
z −α z −α
∴ (x + 1) + y2 = 1
2
+ =0 [Qα ∈ R]
z+α z+α
∴ x = − 1 ± 1 − y2
⇒ zz − αz + αz − α 2 + zz − αz + αz − α 2 = 0
2 2
⇒ 2 z − 2 α2 = 0 [Qzz = z ]
Topic 2 Conjugate and Modulus of 2
Complex Number ⇒ α2 = z =4 [| z | = 2 given]
1. Letthecomplexnumber z = x + iy ⇒ α=±2
Alsogiven, | z − i | = | z − 1| 5. Wehave, |z | + z = 3 + i
⇒| x + iy − i | = | x + iy − 1| Let z = x + iy
⇒ x + ( y − 1) = (x − 1) + y
2 2 2 2 ∴ x2 + y2 + x + iy = 3 + i

[Q| z | = (Re(z ))2 + (Im(z ))2 ] ⇒ (x + x2 + y2 ) + iy = 3 + i

Onsquaringbothsides,weget ⇒ x + x2 + y2 = 3 and y = 1
x2 + y2 − 2 y + 1 = x2 + y2 − 2 x + 1 Now, x2 + 1 = 3 − x
⇒ y = x, which represents a line through the origin with ⇒ x2 + 1 = 9 − 6 x + x2
slope1. 4
⇒ 6x = 8 ⇒ x =
(1 + i ) 2 3
2. Thegivencomplexnumber z= 4
a−i ∴ z= +i
(1 − 1 + 2i ) (a + i ) 3
= [Q i 2 = − 1]
a2 + 1 ⇒ |z | =
16
+1=
25
⇒ |z | =
5
2i (a + i ) −2 + 2ai 9 9 3
= = …(i)
a2 + 1 a2 + 1 6. PLAN If z is unimodular, then| z| = 1. Also, use property of modulus
i.e. z z =| z|2
Q z = 2 /5 [given]
Given, z2 isnotunimodulari.e. |z2|≠ 1
4 + 4a 2 2 2 2 z − 2 z2
⇒ = ⇒ = and 1 isunimodular.
(a 2 + 1)2 5 1 + a2 5 2 − z1z2
4 2 z1 − 2z2
⇒ = ⇒ a 2 + 1 = 10 ⇒ = 1 ⇒ |z1 − 2z2|2 =|2 − z1z2|2
1 + a2 5 2 − z1z2
⇒ a2 = 9 ⇒ a = 3 [Qa > 0] ⇒ (z1 − 2z2)(z1 − 2z2) = (2 − z1 z2) (2 − z1 z2) [zz = |z|2 ]
–2 + 6i ⇒ |z1| +4|z2| −2z1z2 − 2z1 z2
2 2
∴ z= [From Eq. (i)]
10 = 4+|z1|2|z2|2−2z1 z2 − 2z1z2 ⇒ (|z2|2−1)(|z1|2−4) = 0
 −2 + 6 i   1 3  1 3 Q |z2|≠ 1
So, z =   =  − + i ⇒ z = − − i
 10   5 5  5 5 ∴ |z1|= 2
Let z1 = x + iy ⇒ x2 + y2 = (2)2
[Qif z = x + iy, then z = x − iy] ∴ Point z1 liesonacircleofradius2.
3. Clearly|z1|= 9, represents a circle having centre C1 (0, 0) 7. |z| ≥ 2 is the region on or outside circle whose centre is
andradius r1 = 9. (0,0)andradiusis2.
and |z2 − 3 − 4i|= 4 represents a circle having centre 1
Minimum z + is distance of z, which lie on circle
C 2(3, 4) andradius r2 = 4. 2
The minimum value of |z1 − z2| is equals to minimum | z | = 2 from (−1 / 2, 0).
distancebetweencircles |z1|= 9 and|z2 − 3 − 4i|= 4. 1  1 
∴ Minimum z + = Distanceof  − , 0 from (−2, 0)
2  2 
QC1C 2 = (3 − 0)2 + (4 − 0)2 = 9 + 16 = 25 = 5
2 2
and|r1 − r2|=|9 − 4|= 5 ⇒ C1C 2 =|r1 − r2|  1 3  −1  3
=  −2 +  +0= =  + 2 + 0 =
∴ Circlestoucheseachotherinternally.  2 2  2  2
Hence, |z1 − z2|min = 0
 Complex Numbers 11

Y  − r 2
⇒ (|α|2 − 1) ⋅   = r 2(1 − 4|α|2 )
 2 
⇒ |α|2 − 1 = − 2 + 8|α|2
X′ D A X ⇒ 7|α|2 = 1
(–2,0) 1 , (0,0) (2,0)
(– — ) ∴ |α| = 1 / 7
2 0
9. PLAN If ax 2 + bx + c = 0 hasroots α, β,then
− b ± b 2 − 4ac
α, β =
Y′ 2a
1 Forrootstobereal b 2 − 4ac ≥ 0.
Geometrically Min z + = AD
2 Description of Situation As imaginary part of
1 z = x + iy isnon-zero.
Hence, minimum value of z + lies in the interval
(1,2). 2 ⇒ y ≠0
Method I Let z = x + iy
8. PLAN Intersection of circles, the basic concept is to solve the
∴ a = (x + iy)2 + (x + iy) + 1
equations simultaneously and using properties of modulus of ⇒ (x2 − y2 + x + 1 − a ) + i (2xy + y) = 0
complexnumbers.
⇒ (x2 − y2 + x + 1 − a ) + iy (2x + 1) = 0, …(i)
Formulaused |z|2 = z ⋅ z
Itispurelyreal,if y (2x + 1) = 0
and |z1 − z2|2 = (z1 − z2) (z1 − z2)
butimaginarypartof z,i.e. y isnon-zero.
= |z1|2 − z1z2 − z2z1 + |z2|2
⇒ 2x + 1 = 0 or x = − 1 / 2
Here, (x − x0 )2 + ( y − y0 )2 = r 2
1 1
FromEq.(i), − y2 − + 1 − a = 0
and (x − x0 )2 + ( y − y0 )2 = 4r 2 canbewrittenas, 4 2
|z − z0|2 = r 2 and |z − z0|2 = 4r 2 2 3 3
⇒ a =− y + ⇒ a<
1 4 4
Since, α and liesonfirstandsecondrespectively.
α MethodII Here, z 2 + z + (1 − a ) = 0
2
1 − 1 ± 1 − 4 (1 − a )
∴ |α − z0|2 = r 2 and − z0 = 4 r 2 ∴ z=
α 2 ×1
⇒ (α − z0 ) (α − z0 ) = r 2 − 1 ± 4a − 3
⇒ z=
⇒ |α|2 − z0α − z0α + |z0|2 = r 2 …(i) 2
3
1
2 For z donothaverealroots, 4 a −3 <0 ⇒ a<
and − z0 = 4 r 2 4
α
10. Since, zz (z 2 + z 2) = 350
1  1  ⇒ 2 (x2 + y2) (x2 − y2) = 350
⇒  − z0   − z0  = 4 r
2
α  α 
⇒ (x2 + y2) (x2 − y2) = 175
1 z z Since, x, y ∈ I, the only possible case which gives
⇒ − 0 − 0 + |z0|2 = 4r 2
|α|2 α α integralsolution,is
Since, |α|2 = α ⋅ α x2 + y2 = 25 ...(i)
1 z ⋅α z x2 − y2 = 7 ...(ii)
⇒ − 0 − 0 ⋅ α + |z0|2 = 4r 2
|α|2 |α|2 |α|2 From Eqs.(i)and(ii),
⇒ 1 − z0α − z0α + |α|2 |z0|2 = 4r 2|α|2 …(ii) x2 = 16, y2 = 9 ⇒ x = ± 4, y = ± 3
Onsubtracting Eqs.(i)and(ii),weget ∴ Areaofrectangle = 8 × 6 =48
(|α| − 1) + |z0| (1 − |α| ) = r (1 − 4|α| )
2 2 2 2 2 11. Let z = cos θ + i sin θ
z cos θ + i sin θ
⇒ (|α|2 − 1) (1 − |z0|2 ) = r 2(1 − 4|α|2 ) ⇒ =
1 − z 2 1 − (cos 2 θ + i sin 2 θ )
 r 2 + 2 cos θ + i sin θ
⇒ (|α|2 − 1)  1 −  = r 2(1 − 4|α|2 ) =
 2  2 sin 2 θ − 2i sin θ cos θ
r2 + 2 cos θ + i sin θ i
Given, |z0|2 = = =
2 − 2i sin θ (cos θ + i sin θ ) 2 sin θ
z
Hence, liesontheimaginaryaxis i.e. Y-axis.
1 − z2
12 Complex Numbers

Alternate Solution 16. (1 + i )n1 + (1 − i )n1 + (1 + i )n2 + (1 − i )n2

z z 1
Let E = = = whichisanimaginary. = [n1 C 0 + n1
C1i + n1
C 2i 2 + n1
C3 i3 + K ]
1 − z 2 zz − z 2 z − z
w − wz + [ C0 −
n1 n1
C1 i + C 2i 2 − n1 C3 i3 + ... ]
n1

12. Let z1 = bepurelyreal ⇒ z1 = z1 + [n2 C 0 + n2

C1i + n2C 2i 2 + n2C3 i3 + K ]
1−z
w − wz w − wz + [n2 C 0 – n2
C1 i + n2C 2i 2 – n2C3 i3 + .. ]
∴ =
1− z 1−z
= 2 [n1 C 0 + n1
C2 i2 + n1
C 4i 4 + K ]
⇒ w − wz − wz + wz ⋅ z = w − zw − wz + wz ⋅ z
+ 2 [ C0 + n2 n2
C 2i 2 + n2
C 4i 4 + K ]
⇒ (w − w ) + (w − w)| z |2 = 0
= 2 [n1 C 0 − n1
C2 + n1
C 4 − K ] + 2 [n2 C 0 − n2
C2
⇒ (w − w ) (1 − | z |2 ) = 0
+ n2
C 4 −... ]
⇒ | z |2 = 1 [as w − w ≠ 0, since β ≠ 0]
This is a real number irrespective of the values of n1 and
⇒ | z | = 1 and z ≠ 1 n2.
z −1
13. Since,|z| = 1 and w = AlternateSolution
z+1 {(1 + i )n1 + (1 − i )n1 } + {(1 + i )n2 + (1 − i )n2 }
1+ w |1 + w|
⇒ z − 1 = wz + w ⇒ z = ⇒ |z| = ⇒ Arealnumberforall n1 and n2 ∈ R.
1−w |1 − w|
[Q z + z = 2 Re (z ) ⇒ (1 + i )n1 + (1 − i )n1 isrealnumber
⇒ |1 − w| = |1 + w| [ Q|z| = 1] forall n ∈ R]
Onsquaringbothsides,weget 17. Since, (sin x + i cos 2x) = cos x − i sin 2x
1 + |w|2 − 2|w| Re (w) = 1 + |w|2 + 2|w| Re (w) ⇒ sin x − i cos 2x = cos x − i sin 2x
[using|z1 ± z2|2 = |z1|2 + |z2|2 ± 2|z1||z2| Re (z1 z2)] ⇒ sin x = cos x and cos 2x = sin 2x
⇒ 4|w|Re|w| = 0 ⇒ tan x = 1 and tan 2x = 1
⇒ Re (w) = 0
⇒ x = π / 4 and x = π / 8 which is not possible at same
14. Weknow, |z1 − z2| = |z1 − (z2 − 3 − 4i ) − (3 + 4i )| time.
≥ |z1| − |z2 − 3 − 4i | − |3 + 4i| Hence,nosolutionexists.
≥ 12 − 5 − 5 [using|z1 − z2| ≥ |z1| − |z2|] 18. Since, z1 , z2, z3 , z4 aretheverticesofparallelogram.
∴ |z1 − z2| ≥ 2
D (z4 ) C (z 3 )

AlternateSolution
Clearly from the figure|z1 − z2|is minimum when z1 , z2
liealongthediameter.
Y
B
A Z1 A (z1 ) B (z2 )
, 4) Z2
(3
C1 ∴ Mid-pointof AC = mid-pointof BD
X′
12
X z1 + z3 z2 + z4
C2 ⇒ =
2 2
⇒ z1 + z3 = z2 + z4
 1 − iz 
Y′ 19. Since,|w| = 1 ⇒  = 1
z−i 
∴ |z1 − z2| ≥ C 2B − C 2A ≥ 12 − 10 = 2
⇒ |z − i| = |1 − iz|
15. Given, |z1| = |z2| = |z3| = 1 ⇒ |z − i | = |z + i | [Q |1 − iz | = | − i || z + i | = | z + i |]
Now, |z1| = 1 ∴Itisaperpendicularbisectorof (0, 1) and (0, − 1)
⇒ |z1|2 = 1 ⇒ z1z1 = 1 i.e. X-axis.Thus, z liesontherealaxis.
Similarly, z2z2 = 1, z3 z3 = 1 20. Given,|z − 4| < |z − 2|
1
 1 1 Since, |z − z1| > |z − z2| represents the region on right
Againnow, + + = 1
z1 z2 z3 sideofperpendicularbisectorof z1 and z2.
∴ |z − 2| > |z − 4|
⇒ | z1 + z2 + z3 |= 1 ⇒ |z1 + z2 + z3|= 1
⇒ Re (z ) > 3 and Im (z ) ∈ R
⇒ |z1 + z2 + z3| = 1
 Complex Numbers 13

Y
Itisfalse.
(c) If elements of set L represents line, then this line
andgivencircleintersectatmaximumtwopoint.
X′ X Hence,itistrue.
O (2, 0) (3, 0) (4, 0)
(d) In this case locus of z is a line, so L has infinite
elements.Hence,itistrue.
Y′ 24. Given,|z1| = |z2|
5 5
 3 i  3 i z1 + z2 z1 − z2 z1z1 − z1 z2 + z2z1 − z2 z2
21. Given, z =  +  + −  Now, × =
 2 2  2 2 z1 − z2 z1 − z2 |z1 − z2|2
 −1 + i 3 −1 − i 3  |z1|2 + (z2 z1 − z1 z2) − |z2|2
Q ω = and ω 2 =  =
 2 2  |z1 − z2|2
3+i  −1 + i 3  z2z1 − z1 z2
Now, = −i   = − iω = [Q|z1|2 = |z2|2 ]
2  2  |z1 − z2|2
3−i  −1 − i 3 
and =i  = iω 2
2  2  As,weknow z − z = 2i Im (z )
∴ z = (− iω )5 + (iω 2)5 = − iω 2 + iω
∴ z2z1 − z1 z2 = 2i Im (z2z1 )
= i(ω − ω 2) = i (i 3 ) = − 3
z1 + z2 2i Im (z2 z1 )
⇒ Re(z ) < 0 and lm (z ) = 0 ∴ =
z1 − z2 |z1 − z2|2
Alternate Solution
Weknowthat, z + z = 2 Re(z ) whichispurelyimaginaryorzero.
5 5
 3 i  3 i 25. Since, z1 = a + ib and z2 = c + id
If z= +  + −  ,then
 2 2  2 2
⇒ |z1| = a + b = 1 and |z2|2 = c2 + d 2 = 1
2 2 2
…(i)
z ispurelyreal. i.e. Im (z ) = 0
[Q|z1|=|z2| = 1]
z − 5i  Also, Re (z1z2) = 0 ⇒ ac + bd = 0
22. Given,   = 1 ⇒ |z − 5i| = |z + 5i|
z + 5i  a d
⇒ =− =λ [say]…(ii)
[Q if|z − z1| = |z − z2|, then it is a perpendicular b c
bisector of z1 and z2 ] From Eqs.(i)and(ii), b2λ2 + b2 = c2 + λ2c2
Y ⇒ b = c and a 2 = d 2
2 2

(0, 5) Also,given w1 = a + ic and w2 = b + id

O Now, |w1| = a 2 + c2 = a 2 + b2 = 1
X′ X

(0, –5) |w2| = b2 + d 2 = a 2 + b2 = 1

Y′ and Re(w1 w2) = ab + cd = (bλ )b + c(− λc) [fromEq.(i)]

= λ (b2 − c2) = 0
∴ Perpendicular bisector of (0, 5) and (0, – 5) is X-axis.
26. min|1 − 3 i − z|= perpendiculardistanceofpoint (1, − 3)
23. Wehave, Z ∈S
sz + tz + r = 0 …(i) | 3 − 3| 3 − 3
Ontakingconjugate fromtheline 3x + y = 0 ⇒ =
3+1 2
sz + tz + r = 0 …(ii) 27. Since, S = S1 ∩ S 2 ∩ S3
OnsolvingEqs.(i)and(ii),weget
Y
rt − rs
z= 2
|s| − |t|2
(a)Foruniquesolutionsof z
150°
|s|2 − |t|2 ≠ 0 ⇒ |s| ≠ |t| X′ X
O (4, 0)
Itistrue
(b) If|s| = |t|, then rt − rs mayormaynotbezero.
So, z mayhavenosolutions. y = –3√x
∴ L maybeanemptyset. Y′
14 Complex Numbers

Clearly, the shaded region represents the area of sector 1

= 2 (cos θ + i sin θ ) − (cos θ − i sin θ )
1 2 1 5π 20π 2
∴ S= r θ = × 42 × = 3 5
2 2 6 3 = cos θ + i sin θ
2 2
28. Since, |w − (2 + i )| < 3 ⇒ |w| − |2 + i| < 3
Let z = x + iy
⇒ −3 + 5 < |w| < 3 + 5 3 5
⇒ −3 − 5 < − |w| < 3 − 5 …(i) ⇒ x = cos θ and y = sin θ
2 2
Also, |z − (2 + i )| = 3  2x
2
 2 y
2
⇒   +   =1
⇒ −3 + 5 ≤ |z| ≤ 3 + 5 …(ii)  3 5
∴ −3 < |z| − |w| + 3 < 9 x2 y2
⇒ + =1
29. |z + 1 − i|2 + |z − 5 − i|2 9 / 4 25 / 4
= (x + 1)2 + ( y − 1)2 + (x − 5)2 + ( y − 1)2 9 /4 4
∴ e= 1− =
= 2(x2 + y2 − 4x − 2 y) + 28 25 / 4 5
= 2(4) + 28 = 36 [Q x2 + y2 − 4x − 2 y = 4] D. Let w = cos θ + i sin θ
30. Let z = x + iy 1
Then, z = x + iy = cos θ + i sin θ +
cos θ + i sin θ
Set A correspondstotheregion y≥1 …(i)
= 2 cos θ
Set B consists of points lying on the circle, centre at
(2,1)andradius3. ⇒ x = 2 cos θ , y = 0
i.e. x2 + y2 − 4 x − 2 y = 4 …(ii) xα + yβ + z γ x( p)1/3 + y( p)1/3 ω + z ( p)1/3 ω 2
32. =
Set C consistsofpoints lyingonthe x+ y= 2 …(iii) xβ + yγ + zα x( p)1/3 ω 2 + y( p)1/3 ω3 + z ( p)1/3 ω
ω 2 (x + yω + z ω 2)
Y
ω 2 (xω + yω 2 + z )
P ω 2 (x + yω + zω 2)
= = ω2
(0,√2) x + yω + zω 2
(2,1)
y=1
33. |az1 − bz2|2 + |bz1 + az2|2
X′ X
(√2,0) = [a 2|z1|2 + b2|z2|2 − 2ab Re (z1z2)]
+ [b2|z1|2 + a 2|z2|2 + 2ab Re (z1 z2)]
= (a 2 + b2) (|z1|2 + |z2|2 )
Y′
 x x
Clearly, there is only one point of intersection of the line  sin + cos  − i tan x
 2 2
x + y = 2 andcircle x2 + y2 − 4x − 2 y = 4. 34. ∈R
x
1 + 2 i sin
31. A. Let z = x + iy 2
⇒ weget y x + y =0
2 2  x x  x
 sin + cos − i tan x  1 − 2i sin 
 2 2   2
⇒ y=0 =
2x
⇒ Im (z ) = 0 1 + 4 sin
2
B. Wehave Since,itisreal,soimaginarypartwillbezero.
2ae = 8, 2a = 10 x x x
∴ −2 sin  sin + cos  − tan x = 0
⇒ 10e = 8 2 2 2
4 x x x x x
⇒ e= ⇒ 2 sin  sin + cos  cos x + 2 sin cos = 0
5 2  2 2  2 2
 16 x  x  x
⇒ b2 = 25  1 −  = 9 x 2x 2 x
 25 ⇒ sin  sin + cos   cos − sin  + cos  = 0
2   2 2  2 2 2
x 2 y2
∴ + =1 ∴ sin
x
=0
25 9 2
C. Let w = 2 (cos θ + i sin θ ) ⇒ x = 2 nπ ...(i)
1
∴ z = 2 (cos θ + i sin θ ) −  x x  2x 2 x x
2 (cos θ + i sin θ ) or  sin + cos   cos − sin  + cos = 0
 2 2  2 2 2
 Complex Numbers 15

x
Ondividingby cos3 ,weget + (|α|2 − k2|β|2 ) = 0
2 (α − k2β ) (α − β k2) |α|2 − k2|β|2
⇒ |z|2 − z− z+ = 0 …(i)
 x   2 x  2 x (1 − k )
2
(1 − k )
2
(1 − k2)
 tan + 1  1 − tan  +  1 + tan  = 0
 2   2  2
Oncomparingwithequationofcircle,
⇒ tan3
x x
− tan − 2 = 0 |z|2 + az + az + b = 0
2 2 whose centre is (− a ) andradius = |a|2 − b
x
Let tan = t α − k2β
2 ∴ Centre forEq.(i) =
1 − k2
and f (t ) = t3 − t − 2
 α − k2β  α − k2β  αα − k2ββ
Then, f (1) = − 2 < 0 andradius =     −
and f (2) = 4 > 0  1 − k2   1 − k2  1 − k2
Thus, f (t ) changes sign from negative to positive in the k(α − β ) 
= 
1−k 
interval(1,2). 2

∴ Let t = k betherootforwhich
f (k) = 0 and k ∈(1, 2)
39. Given, a1z + a 2z 2 + K + a nz n = 1
x 1
∴ t = k or tan = k = tan α and |z| < …(i)
2 3
⇒ x/2 = nπ + α ∴ |a1z + a 2z 2 + a3 z3 + K + a nz n| = 1
x = 2nπ + 2α , α = tan −1 k, where k ∈ (1, 2)
⇒  ⇒ |a1z| + |a 2z 2| + |a3 z3| + K + |a nz n| ≥ 1
 or x = 2nπ
[using|z1 + z2| ≤ |z1| + |z2|]
35. Since, z1 , z2, z3 areinAP.
⇒ 2{(|z| + |z| + |z| + K + |z|n } > 1
2 3
[using|a r| < 2]
⇒ 2z2 = z1 + z3 2|z|(1 − |z|n )
i.e. points are collinear, thus do not lie on circle. Hence, ⇒ >1 [usingsumof n termsofGP]
1 − |z|
itisafalsestatement.
⇒ 2|z| − 2|z|n + 1 > 1 − |z|
36. Since, z1 , z2, z3 are vertices of equilateral triangle and
⇒ 3|z| > 1 + 2|z|n + 1
|z1| = |z2| = |z3| 1 2
⇒ z1 , z2, z3 lieonacirclewith centre atorigin. ⇒ |z| > + |z|n + 1
3 3
⇒ Circumcentre = Centroid ⇒
1
|z| > , whichcontradicts …(ii)
z + z2 + z3 3
⇒ 0= 1
3 ∴ Thereexistsnocomplexnumber z suchthat
∴ z1 + z2 + z3 = 0 n
|z| < 1 / 3 and ∑ a rz r = 1
37. Let z = x + iy ⇒ 1 ∩ z gives 1 ∩ x + iy r =1

or 1 ≤ x and 0 ≤ y …(i) 40. Given,|z1| < 1 and |z2| > 1 …(i)

1−z 1 − x − iy Then,toprove
Given, ∩0 ⇒ ∩0
1+ z 1 + x + iy  
1 − z1z2
 < 1 
z1
 |z1|
 using z = |z |
⇒
(1 − x − iy) (1 + x − iy)
∩ 0 + 0i  z1 − z2    2 2 
(1 + x + iy) (1 + x − iy) ⇒ |1 − z1z2| < |z1 − z2| …(ii)
1 − x 2 − y2 2iy Onsquaringbothsides,weget,
⇒ − ∩ 0 + 0i
(1 + x)2 + y2 (1 + x)2 + y2 (1 − z1z2)(1 − z1z2) < (z1 − z2)(z1 − z2) [using|z|2 = zz ]
⇒ x 2 + y2 ≥ 1 ⇒ 1 − z1z2 − z1z2 + z1 z1z2z2 < z1z1 − z1z2 − z2z1 + z2z2
and −2 y ≤ 0 ⇒ 1 + |z1|2|z2|2 <|z1 |2 + |z2|2
or x2 + y2 ≥ 1 and y ≥ 0 whichistruebyEq.(i). ⇒ 1 − |z1|2 − |z2|2+ | z1|2|z2|2 < 0
38. Asweknow, |z|2 = z ⋅ z ⇒ (1 − |z1|2 )(1 − |z2|2 ) < 0 …(iii)
whichistruebyEq.(i)as |z1| < 1 and|z2| > 1
|z − α| 2
Given, = k2 ∴ (1 − |z1|2 ) > 0 and (1 − |z2|2 ) < 0
|z − β|2
∴ Eq.(iii)istruewheneverEq.(ii)istrue.
⇒ (z − α )(z − α ) = k2(z − β ) (z − β )
⇒ |z|2 − αz − αz + |α|2 = k2(|z|2 − βz − β z + |β|2 ) ⇒ 1 − z1z2
 < 1 Henceproved.
 z1 − z2 
⇒ |z|2 (1 − k2) − (α − k2β )z − (α − β k2) z
16 Complex Numbers

41. Given,|z|2 w − |w|2 z = z − w Again, |z|2 w − |w|2 z = z − w

⇔ z ⋅ zw − w ⋅ wz = z − w
⇒ zz w − ww z = z − w [Q |z|2 = zz ]…(i)
⇔ z (zw − 1) − w (zw − 1) = 0
Takingmodulusofbothsides,weget
⇔ (z − w)(zw − 1) = 0 [fromEq.(i)]
|zw||z − w| = |z − w| ⇔ z = w or zw = 1
⇒ |zw||z − w| = |z − w| [∴ |z| = |z| ] Therefore, |z|2 w − |w|2 z = z − w if and only if z = w or
⇒ | zw|| z − w | = |z − w | zw = 1.
⇒ |z − w|(|zw| − 1) = 0 42. Let z = x + iy.
⇒ |z − w| = 0 or |zw| − 1 = 0 Given, z = iz 2
⇒ |z − w| = 0 or |zw| = 1 ⇒ (x + iy) = i (x + i y)2
⇒ z − w=0 or |z w|= 1 ⇒ x − iy = i (x2 − y2 + 2i xy)
⇒ z=w or |zw| = 1 ⇒ x − iy = − 2xy + i (x2 − y2)
Now,suppose z ≠ w NOTE Itisacompoundequation,thereforewecangenerate
fromitmorethanoneprimaryequations.
Then,|zw| = 1 or|z||w| = 1
Onequatingrealandimaginaryparts,weget
1
⇒ |z| = =r [say] x = − 2xy and − y = x2 − y2
|w|
1 iφ ⇒ x + 2xy = 0 and x2 − y2 + y = 0
Let z = reiθ and w = e
r ⇒ x(1 + 2 y) = 0
OnputtingthesevaluesinEq.(i),weget ⇒ x=0 or y = − 1 / 2
1  1 1 When x = 0, x2 − y2 + y = 0 ⇒ 0 − y2 + y = 0
r 2 ei φ  − 2 (reiθ ) = reiθ − eiφ
r  r r ⇒ y(1 − y) = 0 ⇒ y=0 or y=1
iφ 1 iθ iθ 1 iφ When, y = − 1 / 2 , x2 − y2 + y = 0
⇒ re − e = re − e
r r 1 1 3
 1  iφ  1  iθ ⇒ x2 − − = 0 ⇒ x2 =
⇒ r +  e = r +  e 4 2 4
 r  r 3
⇒ eiφ = eiθ ⇒ φ = θ ⇒ x=±
2
1
Therefore, z = reiθ and w = eiθ Therefore, z = 0 + i 0 , 0 + i ; ±
3 i
−
r 2 2
1 3 i
⇒ zw = reiθ . e−iθ = 1 ⇒ z = i, ±
− [Q z ≠ 0]
r 2 2
NOTE ‘Ifandonlyif’meanswehavetoprovetherelationin 43. Given, iz + z − z + i = 0
3 2
bothdirections.
Conversely ⇒ iz3 − i 2z 2 − z + i = 0 [Q i 2 = − 1]
Assumingthat z = w or z w = 1 ⇒ iz (z − i ) − 1(z − i ) = 0
2

If z = w, then ⇒ (iz 2 − 1)(z − i ) = 0

LHS = zz w − w wz = |z| ⋅z − |w| ⋅z
2 2
⇒ z − i = 0 or iz 2 − 1 = 0
= |z| ⋅z − |z| ⋅z = 0
2 2
1
⇒ z = i or z 2 = = − i
and RHS = z − w = 0 i
If zw = 1,then zw = 1 and If z = i,then |z| = |i| = 1
LHS = zz w − ww z = z ⋅ 1 − w ⋅ 1 If z 2 = − i,then |z 2| = |− i| = 1
= z − w = z − w = 0 = RHS ⇒ |z|2 = 1 ⇒ |z| = 1
z − z2
Henceproved. 44. Here, z1Rz2 ⇔ 1 isreal
z1 + z2
Alternate Solution
z − z1
Wehave, |z|2 w − |w|2 z = z − w (i) Reflexive z1Rz1 ⇔ 1 =0 [purely real]
⇔ |z|2 w − |w|2 z − z + w = 0 z1 + z2
⇔ (|z|2 + 1)w − (|w|2 + 1)z = 0 ∴ z1Rz1 isreflexive.
z1 − z2
⇔ (|z| + 1)w = (|w| + 1)z
2 2 (ii) Symmetric z1Rz2 ⇔ isreal
z1 + z2
z |z|2 + 1
⇔ = − (z2 − z1 )
w |w|2 + 1 ⇒ isreal ⇒ z2Rz1
∴
z
ispurelyreal. z1 + z2
w
z z ∴ z1 Rz2 ⇒ z2Rz1
⇔ = ⇒ zw = zw …(i)
w w Therefore,itissymmetric.