ASSIGNMENT 5_TOM

2ND SEMESTER SEC A & B

Module 4: CAMs and Governor

Theory questions

1. Write short notes on cams and followers.

2. Explain with sketches the different types of cams and followers.
3. Why a roller follower is preferred to that of a knife-edged follower?
4. Define the following terms as applied to cam with a neat sketch:
(a) Base circle, (b) Pitch circle, (c) Pressure angle, and (d) Stroke of the
follower.
5. What are the different types of motion with which a follower can move?
6. Draw the displacement diagram for a follower when it moves with simple harmonic
motion.
7. Draw the displacement diagram for a follower when it moves with uniform acceleration
and retardation.
8. What is the function of a governor?
9. How does a governor differ from a flywheel?
10. State the different types of governors.
11. What are the limitations of a Watt governor?
12. What is stable and unstable governor?
13. Define and explain the following terms relating to governors:
1. Stability, 2. Sensitiveness, 3. Isochronism, and 4. Hunting

Numerical problems

1. A cam is to give the following motion to a knife-edged follower: 1. Outstroke during 60° of
cam rotation ; 2. Dwell for the next 30° of cam rotation ; 3. Return stroke during next 60° of
cam rotation, and 4. Dwell for the remaining 210° of cam rotation.
The stroke of the follower is 40 mm and the minimum radius of the cam is 50 mm. The
follower moves with uniform velocity during both the outstroke and return strokes. Draw the
profile of the cam when the axis of the follower passes through the axis of the cam shaft.
[For help, see Example 20.1]
2. A cam is to give the following motion to a knife-edged follower: 1. Outstroke during 90° of
cam rotation ; 2. Dwell for the next 30° of cam rotation ; 3. Return stroke during next 60° of
cam rotation, and 4. Dwell for the remaining 180° of cam rotation.
 The stroke of the follower is 50 mm and the minimum radius of the cam is 60 mm. The
follower moves with uniform velocity during both the outstroke and return strokes. Draw the
profile of the cam when the axis of the follower is offset by 20 mm from the axis of the cam
shaft. [For help, see Example 20.1]
3. A cam is to be designed for a knife edge follower with the following data: 1. Follower lift =
40 mm during 90° of cam rotation with SHM. 2. Dwell for the next 30°. 3. During the next
60° of cam rotation, the follower returns to its original position with SHM. 4. Dwell during
the remaining 180°. Draw the profile of the cam when the line of stroke of the follower
passes through the axis of the cam shaft. The radius of the base circle of the cam is 40 mm.
[For help, see Example 20.2]
4. A cam is to be designed for a knife edge follower with the following data: 1. Follower lift =
50 mm during 90° of cam rotation with SHM. 2. Dwell for the next 30°. 3. During the next
60° of cam rotation, the follower returns to its original position with SHM. 4. Dwell during
the remaining 180°. Draw the profile of the cam when the line of stroke of the follower
passes through is offset 30 mm from the axis of the cam shaft. The radius of the base circle of
the cam is 45 mm. [For help, see Example 20.2]
5. A cam, with a minimum radius of 25 mm, rotating clockwise at a uniform speed is to be
designed to give a roller follower, at the end of a valve rod, motion described below: 1. To
raise the valve through 50 mm during 120° rotation of the cam; 2. To keep the valve fully
raised through next 30°; 3. To lower the valve during next 60°; and 4. To keep the valve
closed during rest of the revolution i.e. 150°. The diameter of the roller is 20 mm. Draw the
profile of the cam when the line of stroke of the valve rod passes through the axis of the cam
shaft. The displacement of the valve, while being raised and lowered, is to take place with
SHM. [For help, see Example 20.3]
6. A cam, with a minimum radius of 25 mm, rotating clockwise at a uniform speed is to be
designed to give a roller follower, at the end of a valve rod, motion described below: 1. To
raise the valve through 50 mm during 120° rotation of the cam; 2. To keep the valve fully
raised through next 30°; 3. To lower the valve during next 60°; and 4. To keep the valve
closed during rest of the revolution i.e. 150°. The diameter of the roller is 20 mm. Draw the
profile of the cam when the line of stroke of the valve rod is offset 15 mm from the axis of
the cam shaft. The displacement of the valve, while being raised and lowered, is to take place
with SHM. [For help, see Example 20.3]
7. A cam, with a minimum radius of 50 mm, rotating clockwise at a uniform speed, is required
to give a knife edge follower the motion as described below: 1. To move outwards through
40 mm during 100° rotation of the cam; 2. To dwell for next 80°; 3. To return to its starting
position during next 90°, and 4. To dwell for the rest period of a revolution i.e. 90°. Draw the
profile of the cam when the line of stroke of the follower passes through the centre of the
cam shaft. The displacement of the follower is to take place with uniform acceleration and
uniform retardation. [For help, see Example 20.6]
8. A cam, with a minimum radius of 50 mm, rotating clockwise at a uniform speed, is required
to give a knife edge follower the motion as described below: 1. To move outwards through
40 mm during 100° rotation of the cam; 2. To dwell for next 80°; 3. To return to its starting
position during next 90°, and 4. To dwell for the rest period of a revolution i.e. 90°. Draw the
profile of the cam when the line of stroke of the follower is off-set by 15 mm. The
displacement of the follower is to take place with uniform acceleration and uniform
retardation. [For help, see Example 20.6]
9. Calculate the vertical height of a Watt governor when it rotates at 60 r.p.m. Also find the
change in vertical height when its speed increases to 61 r.p.m. [Ans. 8 mm]
10. The length of the upper arm of a Watt governor is 400 mm and its inclination to the vertical
is 30°. Find the percentage increase in speed, if the balls rise by 20 mm. [Ans. 3%]
11. A Porter governor has equal arms each 250 mm long and pivoted on the axis of rotation.
Each ball has a mass of 5 kg and the mass of the central load on the sleeve is 25 kg. The
radius of rotation of the ball is 150 mm when the governor begins to lift and 200 mm when
the governor is at maximum speed. Find the minimum and maximum speeds and range of
speed of the governor. [Ans. 133.8 rpm; 154.5 rpm; 20.7 rpm]
12. The arms of a Porter governor are each 250 mm long and pivoted on the governor axis. The
mass of each ball is 5 kg and the mass of the central sleeve is 30 kg. The radius of rotation of
the balls is 150 mm when the sleeve begins to rise and reaches a value of 200 mm for
maximum speed. Determine the speed range of the governor. [Ans. 27.4 rpm]
13. A Porter governor has two balls each of mass 3 kg and a central load of mass 15 kg. The
arms are all 200 mm long, pivoted on the axis. If the maximum and minimum radii of
rotation of the balls are 160 mm and 120 mm respectively, find the range of speed. [Ans.
28.3 rpm]