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Python Classes Objects Basics

The document explains the concepts of classes and objects in Python, defining a class as a blueprint and an object as an instance with real data. It covers the use of constructors to initialize attributes, static methods for general utilities, and instance methods that operate on specific object data. Additionally, it illustrates how to manage multiple objects using lists, exemplified through a student record system.

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8 views4 pages

Python Classes Objects Basics

The document explains the concepts of classes and objects in Python, defining a class as a blueprint and an object as an instance with real data. It covers the use of constructors to initialize attributes, static methods for general utilities, and instance methods that operate on specific object data. Additionally, it illustrates how to manage multiple objects using lists, exemplified through a student record system.

Uploaded by

nomita.chawla.biet
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Classes and Objects, Functions, and Methods in Python

Based on 'Think Python: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist'

1. Classes and Objects:

Theory:

- A class is a user-defined data type, acting as a blueprint.

- Objects are instances of the class with real data.

- Each object has attributes (data) and methods (functions).

Real-life Example (Student Record):

Class: Student Template

Object: Anvi (4BD22CS101, CSE, 1st Year)

Code:

class Student:

pass

anvi = Student()

2. Constructor (__init__) and Attributes:

Theory:

- __init__ is called automatically when object is created.

- It initializes the object's attributes.


Code:

class Student:

def __init__(self, name, branch):

self.name = name

self.branch = branch

s1 = Student("Anvi", "CSE")

print(s1.name) # Output: Anvi

3. Class with Functions (not using object data):

Theory:

- Functions in class that don't use object data are general utilities.

Example (Utility to calculate average marks):

class Student:

@staticmethod

def average(m1, m2):

return (m1 + m2) / 2

print(Student.average(80, 90)) # Output: 85.0

4. Classes and Methods:

Theory:

- Methods use 'self' and work on the specific object's data.


Example (Display student details):

class Student:

def __init__(self, name, year):

self.name = name

self.year = year

def display(self):

print(f"Name: {self.name}, Year: {self.year}")

s = Student("Anvi", 1)

s.display()

5. Combining Multiple Students and a List:

Example (Creating multiple students and storing in a list):

class Student:

def __init__(self, name, usn):

self.name = name

self.usn = usn

def greet(self):

print(f"Hi, I'm {self.name}, USN: {self.usn}")

students = [
Student("Anvi", "4BD22CS101"),

Student("Raj", "4BD22CS102")

for s in students:

s.greet()

Real-life Link: Like maintaining a class list of all students with their details and greeting each.

Summary:

- Class = Blueprint (e.g., Student form)

- Object = Real instance (e.g., Anvi's record)

- Function = Task (e.g., calculate average)

- Method = Task using object (e.g., display details)

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