1 Computational thinking and
programming : -
1.6 - Software development and
testing
BY : YUG CHOTAI
Topics
• 1. Errors(Common errors) in Python
• 2.Scratch
1.Learning Scratch
Events
• When green flag clicked – start the program
• When key pressed – respond to arrow keys
• When I receive [message] – respond to broadcast
messages
Motion
• go to x: [ ] y: [ ] – place sprite at a specific position
• go to random position – move sprite to a random spot
• change x by [ ] – move horizontally
• change y by [ ] – move vertically
Looks
• show – make sprite visible
• hide – make sprite invisible
Variables
• Create variables (Points, Wait)
• set variable to [ ] – initialise a value
• change variable by [ ] – increase/decrease variable values
Sensing
• touching [sprite]? – detect collisions
Control
• forever – repeat actions without stopping
• if [condition] then – run code only if condition is true
• wait [ ] seconds – pause for a set time
Operators
• pick random [ ] to [ ] – generate random numbers
• = – compare values (e.g., Wait = 5)
Broadcasting
• broadcast [message] – send a signal to other sprites
Solving codes
Q1)
PART 2
ERROR’s In Python
Syntax Errors
• When Python code breaks language rules.
• Example: if x = 5: (should be ==)
• Example: print('Hello' (missing parenthesis)
Indentation Errors
• Python uses indentation for code blocks.
• Example: if True: (next line must be indented)
Name Errors
• Occurs when a variable or function name is not defined.
• Example: print(my_var) when my_var is not defined.
Type Errors
• Occurs when performing operations on incompatible
types.
• Example: 5 + 'hello' (cannot add int and str)
Value Errors
• Occurs when a function gets the right type but invalid
value.
• Example: int('abc') cannot convert 'abc' to integer.
ZeroDivisionError
• Occurs when dividing a number by zero.
• Example: 5 / 0
Index Errors
• Occurs when accessing a list index that does not exist.
• Example: my_list[5] when list has fewer elements.
Key Errors
• Occurs when accessing a dictionary key that does not
exist.
• Example: my_dict['b'] when 'b' is not a key.
QUESTIONS
QUESTION – Q1
• c = int(input("Enter first number: "))
• a= int(input("Enter second number: "))
• total=sum = num1 + num2
• print("The sum is:", total=sum)
ANS – Q1
• c = int(input("Enter first number: "))
• a= int(input("Enter second number: "))
• totalsum = a + c / totalsum = c + a
• print("The sum is:", totalsum)
Q2
• x = int(input("Enter value 1: "))
• y = int(input("Enter value 2: "))
• total = xy + zy
• print("Total:, Total)
ANS – Q2
• x = int(input("Enter value 1: "))
• y = int(input("Enter value 2: "))
• total = x + y
• print("Total:, total)
