Current Affairs 2025 26
PROJECT REPORT
Class 10 Social Studies
Prepared by: Unnati V
School Year: 2025 2026
Page 1
1. Cover Page
Index
2. Index
3. Acknowledgement
4. Introduction
5. Indian Politics & Governance
6. Global Politics
7. Economy
8. Science & Technology
9. Environment & Climate
10. Health
11. Sports & Culture
12. Society & Media
13. Conclusion
14. Bibliography Page 2
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my Social Studies teacher for
providing invaluable guidance throughout the completion of this project. I also
thank my parents and friends for their constant support and motivation. My
appreciation extends to the journalists, scholars, and institutions whose
publications and databases made current affairs research possible. Their
dedication to factual reporting and analysis has enriched my understanding of
the events shaping our world today.
Page 3
Introduction
The world is more interconnected than ever before. Events that unfold in one
part of the globe can swiftly influence politics, economies, ecosystems, and
social attitudes elsewhere. Current affairs the study of recent events of public
interest helps us develop civic awareness, critical thinking, and informed
opinions. This report focuses on notable developments from January 2024 to
June 2025 across multiple domains. By analysing trends in governance, economics,
science, environment, health, sports, and society, we gain a holistic view of
the rapidly evolving global landscape. Each section provides context, key
milestones, and their broader implications.
Page 4
Indian Politics & Governance
India conducted its 18th Lok Sabha election in seven phases between 19 April
and 1 June 2024. Voter turnout averaged 66.2 %, reflecting the vibrancy of the
world s largest democracy. The National Democratic Alliance (NDA) secured a
majority of 295 seats, and Shri Narendra Modi took oath as Prime Minister for
a historic third term on 7 June 2024. Coalition partners Telugu Desam Party and
Janata Dal (United) received key cabinet portfolios, underscoring the growing
importance of regional parties in national policymaking.
Early policy directions include the Viksit Bharat 2047 vision aimed at
transforming India into a developed economy. Key pillars are infrastructure
modernisation ( 10 lakh crore capital spending), expansion of Digital Public
Infrastructure, and an aggressive push towards renewable energy with the
National Green Hydrogen Mission. The Parliament passed the Women s Reservation
Bill in February 2025, reserving 33 % of Lok Sabha and state assembly seats
for women an important milestone for gender representation.
The Election Commission implemented AI driven voter roll purification and a
real time deepfake monitoring cell. These measures reduced fraudulent content
during campaigns. Simultaneously, the Supreme Court broadened the definition of
office of profit , affecting the eligibility of legislators holding certain
public posts. The Indian governance landscape thus reflects a balance between
economic aspirations and institutional reforms.
Page 5
Global Politics
The United States presidential election on 5 November 2024 resulted in former
President Donald Trump winning 312 electoral votes against incumbent
Vice President Kamala Harris s 226. A non consecutive term marks only the second
such occurrence in US history after Grover Cleveland. President Trump s early
executive orders reinstated tariffs on steel and aluminium imports (25 %) and
withdrew the US from the Paris Agreement s Loss & Damage Fund, rekindling
debate on climate responsibility.
Europe witnessed a right leaning shift in the June 2024 European Parliament
elections, where populist parties secured 140 of 720 seats. Nevertheless,
mainstream centrists maintained control, ensuring continued support for Ukraine.
On the war front, the Russia Ukraine conflict entered a frozen state along the
Dnipro River by March 2025, with periodic drone strikes but limited territorial
changes. Turkey brokered grain corridor talks, easing Black Sea food security
concerns.
West Asia saw fragile cease fire negotiations in Gaza mediated by Egypt and
Qatar. The International Court of Justice ordered provisional measures requiring
Israel to facilitate humanitarian aid. Meanwhile, African Union reforms granted
the bloc a permanent seat at the G20, elevating the continent s voice in
global governance.
Page 6
Economy
The International Monetary Fund s April 2025 World Economic Outlook projected
global GDP growth at 3.2 %, driven by emerging markets. India retained its
spot as the fastest growing major economy with 7 % growth in FY 2024 25,
propelled by domestic consumption and services exports. The Union Budget 2025 26
introduced an Urban Challenge Fund of 1 lakh crore to overhaul municipal
infrastructure and digitalise property records across 500 cities.
Inflation cooled globally but remained sticky in advanced economies 3.5 % in the
US, 4.1 % in the UK due to services and housing costs. Central banks adopted
a higher for longer stance, delaying rate cuts until core inflation nears 2 %.
Supply chain diversification accelerated: Apple opened a second iPhone assembly
unit in Tamil Nadu, signalling India s rise as a manufacturing hub.
Cryptocurrency markets stabilised after the 2024 25 bull run; Bitcoin hovered
around USD 48,000, and Ethereum merged to proof of stake, slashing energy
consumption by 99 %. The World Trade Organization warned of structural slowdown
in goods trade volume, urging nations to resist protectionism.
Page 7
Science & Technology
2025 marked a watershed moment in global AI governance. The European Union s
AI Act established a tiered compliance framework: banned practices (social
scoring), high risk applications (medical devices), and minimal risk systems
(chatbots). General purpose models must share system card details publicly.
India s draft Digital India Act 2025 sought to replace the two decade old
IT Act, with special clauses on deepfake watermarks and algorithmic
accountability.
Space exploration advanced rapidly. ISRO s Gaganyaan G2 uncrewed test
(February 2025) validated life support systems and crew escape manoeuvres, paving
the way for a crewed orbital mission in 2026. NASA partnered with JAXA on
the Lunar Gateway Habitation and Logistics Outpost, targeting assembly by 2027.
On Mars, Perseverance transferred 38 rock samples to a caching depot for
future return missions.
In consumer tech, foldable smartphones entered mid range price brackets, while
quantum secure messaging apps gained popularity among enterprises. Researchers
achieved a room temperature super conductivity replica at 21 °C under 10 GPa,
though reproducibility challenges remain.
Page 8
Environment & Climate
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change s AR7 draft preview (May 2025)
warned that the world is on track for 2.1 °C warming by 2100 under current
policies. India experienced 536 heatwave day instances in summer 2024, the
highest in 14 years. February 2025 heat alerts for Konkan and coastal Karnataka
indicate an expanding pre monsoon risk season.
Positive strides included India s National Green Hydrogen Mission (budget
19,744 crore) aimed at producing 5 MMT of green hydrogen annually by 2030,
potentially cutting 50 Mt CO . Renewable capacity additions reached 200 GW, and
Rajasthan commissioned the world s largest 18 GW solar wind hybrid park.
Globally, COP30 preparations in Belém, Brazil centre on operationalising the
Loss and Damage Fund pledged at COP28. Amazon rainforest conservation is
spotlighted, with Lula da Silva s government pledging zero deforestation by 2030.
Conversely, Canada saw record breaking wildfire acreage (19 million ha) in 2024,
emphasising the urgency of adaptation finance.
Page 9
Health
While COVID 19 transitioned to an endemic phase, the WHO urged countries to
integrate SARS CoV 2 genomic surveillance into influenza sentinel sites. India
deployed INSACOG 2.0, covering 25 regional labs. The Lancet (2025) linked
megacity heatwaves with 30,000 excess deaths over five days, advocating urban
cooling action plans.
The World Health Organization issued revised guidelines (26 May 2025) to improve
access to controlled medicines for pain relief. An estimated 80 % of the
global population lacks adequate morphine equivalent supply, highlighting inequity
in palliative care.
On the frontier of medicine, CRISPR Cas9 therapies for sickle cell disease and
beta thalassemia gained FDA approval, marking the first in human gene editing
cures. India initiated trials at AIIMS Delhi. Mental health awareness rose: the
National Suicide Prevention Helpline (dial 157) recorded a 40 % increase in
monthly calls, signalling both higher distress and growing trust in support
services.
Page 10
Sports & Culture
The Paris 2024 Olympic Games concluded on 11 August 2024. India recorded its
best ever medal tally 7 gold, 3 silver, 4 bronze thanks to stellar performances in
shooting, archery, and women s wrestling. USA topped the table with 40 gold
medals. Attention now shifts to Los Angeles 2028.
Cricket remained a unifying spectacle. The IPL 2025 final at Chennai s M. A.
Chidambaram Stadium saw Royal Challengers Bengaluru lift their maiden title,
defeating Chennai Super Kings by 18 runs. India will host the ICC Champions
Trophy in October 2025, prompting stadium upgrades in Ahmedabad and Lucknow.
Culturally, UNESCO added the Sacred Ensembles of Hoysala (Belur, Halebidu,
Somnathpur) to the World Heritage List in September 2024, celebrating Karnataka s
12th century temple architecture. Streaming platforms released a wave of South
Asian content; Project 2050 , a Kannada dystopian thriller, gained international
acclaim for its climate change narrative.
Page 11
Society & Media
Digital landscapes evolved rapidly. The Election Commission of India mandated
political advertisements containing synthetic media to carry visible watermarks.
Meta introduced an AI generated content label across Facebook and Instagram.
Despite these measures, the Centre for Internet and Society reported a 60 %
spike in deepfake incidents during the 2024 election cycle.
The Supreme Court s January 2025 Vishaka II judgement expanded the definition of
workplace in sexual harassment law to include virtual meeting spaces, ensuring
protection for remote workers. Concurrently, India s Digital Personal Data
Protection Act 2024 came into force, granting citizens the right to data
portability and grievance redress within 30 days.
Globally, debates around book bans intensified. PEN America documented 4,207
attempts to restrict titles in US schools during 2024 25, often targeting works
dealing with race and LGBTQ+ themes. In contrast, Finland launched a Freedom
to Read campaign, distributing 100,000 free books to teenagers.
Page 12
Conclusion
The events of 2024 25 reveal a world at the crossroads of opportunity and
peril. Technological breakthroughs promise to solve longstanding challenges, yet
they raise ethical dilemmas around privacy and labour. Political realignments
and conflicts test the resilience of international institutions. Climate change
exerts pressure on infrastructure, health, and food systems, while social
movements demand equity and inclusion.
For students, understanding current affairs is not merely an academic
requirement but a civic responsibility. Informed citizens can hold leaders
accountable, innovate responsibly, and build sustainable futures. Equipped with
knowledge, the youth of today our Generation 2047 will shape a just, resilient,
and prosperous world.
Page 13
Bibliography
Government of India, Union Budget 2025 26 (www.indiabudget.gov.in)
Election Commission of India, 18th Lok Sabha Election Data (eci.gov.in)
International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook April 2025
World Health Organization, Access to Controlled Medicines Guidelines (May 2025)
European Parliament, 2024 Election Results Portal
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, AR7 Draft Summary (May 2025)
UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Hoysala Temples Listing Note (Sept 2024)
International Olympic Committee, Paris 2024 Medal Table
PEN America, Index of School Book Bans 2024 25
Reuters, Reuters Factbox: EU AI Act Timelines (July 2025)
Page 14
