Chapter 5 – Transport Layer
5.1 Protocols: UDP, TCP, SCTP
TCP: Transmission Control Protocol
UDP: User Datagram Protocol
SCTP: Stream Control Transport Protocol
5.1.1
5.1-1 PROCESS-TO-PROCESS DELIVERY
•A process is an application program running on a host.
•The transport layer is responsible for process-to-
process delivery—the delivery of a packet, part of a
message, from one process to another.
•Two processes communicate in a client/server
relationship.
5.1.2
Figure 5.1.1 Types of data deliveries
5.1.3
Figure 5.1.2 Port numbers
5.1.4
Figure 5.1.3 IP addresses versus port numbers
5.1.5
Figure 5.1.4 IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) ranges
5.1.6
Figure 5.1.5 Socket address
5.1.7
Figure 5.1.6 Multiplexing and demultiplexing
5.1.8
Figure 5.1.7 Error control
5.1.9
Figure 5.1.8 Position of UDP, TCP, and SCTP in TCP/IP suite
5.1.10
5.1-2 USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL (UDP)
•The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is called a
connectionless, unreliable transport protocol.
•It does not add anything to the services of IP except to
provide process-to-process communication instead of
host-to-host communication.
5.1.11
Table 5.1.1 Well-known ports used with UDP
5.1.12
Figure 5.1.9 User datagram format
UDP length = IP length – IP header’s length
5.1.13
5.1-3 TCP
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol. It creates a
virtual connection between two TCPs to send data.
In addition, TCP uses flow and error control
mechanisms at the transport level.
5.1.14
Table 5.1.2 Well-known ports used by TCP
5.1.15
Figure 5.1.13 Stream delivery
5.1.16
Figure 5.1.14 Sending and receiving buffers
5.1.17
Figure 5.1.15 TCP segments
5.1.18
Example 5.1.3
The following shows the sequence number for each
segment:
5.1.19
Figure 5.1.16 TCP segment format
5.1.20
Figure 5.1.17 Control field
5.1.21
Table 5.1.3 Description of flags in the control field
5.1.22
Figure 5.1.18 Connection establishment using three-way handshaking
5.1.23
Figure 5.1.19 Data transfer
5.1.24
Figure 5.1.20 Connection termination using three-way handshaking
5.1.25
Figure 5.1.22 Sliding window
5.1.26
Figure 5.1.24 Normal operation
5.1.27
Figure 5.1.25 Lost segment
5.1.28
Figure 5.1.26 Fast retransmission
5.1.29
