Integral Calculus and Ordinary Differential Equations Summer 2024-2025

Chapter 5
Multiple Integrals
Multiple Integration: The integrals of more than one variable are known as multiple integrals and are evaluated
by a process involving iterated integrals.

Partial Integration: The process in which the integration is performed with respect to one variable treating the
other variable(s) as constant is called partial integration.

Iterated Integral: A definite integral which is evaluated stage by stage using partial integration is called an iterated (successive
or repeated) integral.

Double Integrals: The double integral may be defined geometrically in much the same way as the definite
Riemann integral. Suppose f ( x, y) is continuous and single valued function of x and y both inside and boundary
of R in ℝ2 .
Properties of Double Integrals:

1. ∬𝑅 𝑐𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝐴 = 𝑐 ∬𝑅 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝐴 where c is a constant

2. ∬𝑅 [𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) + 𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦)]𝑑𝐴 = ∬𝑅 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝐴 + ∬𝑅 𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝐴

3. ∬𝑅 [𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑔 − (𝑥, 𝑦)]𝑑𝐴 = ∬𝑅 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝐴 − ∬𝑅 𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝐴

1 2

  + xy)dxdy .
2
Example 1: Evaluate the iterated integral ( x
0 1

Solution:
x =2
1 2
2 2
1
 1
 x3 x 2 y  1
 8 − 1 (4 − 1) y 
 ( x + xy) dxdy =    ( x + xy) dx dy =   +  dy =   +
2

3 2  3 2  dy
0 1 0 1  0  x=1 0

y =1
1
7 3y  7 3 y2  37
= +  dy =  y +  = .
0  3 2   3 2 2  y =0 12

 y
2
Example 2: Evaluate the double integral x dA over the rectangle
R
𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): −3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2, 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1}
2 2
1 2 1
2  1
2 x 
Solution:  y x dA =   y x dx dy =  y   x dx  dy =  y  
2 2 2

R 0 −3 0  −3  0  2  −3
y =1
5  y3 
1
5 2 5 1 5
=  − y dy = −   = −  =− .
0
2 2  3  y =0 2 3 6

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Integral Calculus and Ordinary Differential Equations Summer 2024-2025

Example 3: Use a double integral to find the volume of the solid that is bounded above by the
plane 𝑧 = 4 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 and below by the rectangle 𝑅 = [0,1] × [0,2].

Solution: The volume is double integral of 𝑧 = 4 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 over R.

2 1
1 2

V=  (4 − x − y) dA =  
R 0 0
(4 − x − y ) dx dy =    (4 − x − y ) dx  dy
0 0 
x=1 2
2
 x2  2
7  7 y2 
=   4 x − − xy  dy =   − y  dy =  y −  = 5
0  
0 
2  x=0 2 2 2  y =0

Exercise Set 5.1

Evaluate the iterated integral:
4 2 
3 2
  (6 x y − 2 x) dy dx
2
1.
  (y + y
2
5. cos x) dx dy
1 0
−3 0
1 1 3 5
ln y
  ( x + y) 
2
2. dx dy 6. dy dx
0 0 1 1
xy
1 2 4 2
x y
  (x + e    y + x  dy dx
−y
3. ) dx dy 7.
0 1 1 1
  1 2
6 2
 ye
x− y
8. dx dy
4.   (sin x + sin y) dy dx
0 0
0 0

[1-8] (Ref: Calculus- James Stewart- 8th Ed. Page: 999-1000)

1 2 2 1
9.   ( x + 3) dy dx
0 0
14.   y sin x dy dx
0 0

3 1 0 5
10.   (2 x − 4 y) dy dx
1 −1
15.   dx dy
−1 2
4 1 6 7

 x   dy dx
2
11. y dx dy 16.
2 0 4 −3
0 2 6 7

  (x + y 2 ) dx dy   dy dx
2
12. 17.
−2 −1 4 −3
ln 3 ln 2  2

 e   x cos x y dy dx
x+ y
13. dy dx 18.
0 0  1
2

[9-18] (Ref: Calculus- Howard Anton- 10th Ed. Page: 1007)

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Integral Calculus and Ordinary Differential Equations Summer 2024-2025

Exercise Set 5.2

Evaluate the double integral over the rectangular region R.

1.  x sec
R
2

y dA, R = ( x, y) |0  x  2, 0  y  
4
 ( y + xy ) dA, R = ( x, y ) |0  x  2, 1 y  2
−2
2.
R

xy 2
3. R x2 + 1 dA, R = ( x, y) |0  x  1, − 3  y  3
4.  ye
− xy
dA, R =  0, 2   0,3
R [1-4] (Ref: Calculus- James Stewart- 8th Ed. Page:1000)

5.  4 xy
3
dA ; R = ( x, y ) | − 1  x  1, − 2  y  2
R

6.  x 1 − x 2 dA, R = ( x, y ) |0  x  1, 2  y  3
R

7.  ( x sin y − y sin x ) dA ;
R
 2 3 
R = ( x, y ) |0  x   , 0  y   [5-7] (Ref: Calculus- Howard Anton- 10th Ed. Page: 1007)

Double Integrals over the nonrectangular region:

(a) If R is the region defined by 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦)|𝑎 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑏, 𝑓1 (𝑥) ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑓2 (𝑥)} , then

𝑏 𝑓2 (𝑥)
∬ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝐴 = ∫ [∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦] 𝑑𝑥.
𝑅 𝑎 𝑓1 (𝑥)

(b) If R is the region defined by 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦)|𝑐 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑑, 𝑔1 (𝑦) ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑔2 (𝑦)} , then

𝑑 𝑔2 (𝑦)
∬ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝐴 = ∫ [∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥] 𝑑𝑦 .
𝑅 𝑐 𝑔1 (𝑦)

Example 4: Evaluate
1  3 cos y
x2
(a) 
0
−x
y 2 x dy dx (b)   x sin y dx dy
0 0

Solution (b):
Solution (a):  
3 3
cos y
 cos y x sin y dx  dy
1
x2 x 2 
1 2
1
 y3 x 
y=x 2

0
0
x sin y dx dy = 
0
 0 
 y x dy dx =    y x dy  dx =  
2
dx
−x
0 
− x  0 
3  y =− x  y = cos y 
0 3
 x2  3
1 
=  dy =   2 cos
2
1  2 sin y  y sin y dy
1
 x7 x4   x8 x 5   13   y =0 
=   +  dx =  +
0 0
 =
0 
3 3  24 15   0 120 
 1  3 7
=  − cos3 y =
 6 0 48

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Integral Calculus and Ordinary Differential Equations Summer 2024-2025

 ( x + 2 y ) dA, where D is the region bounded by the parabolas y = 2x , y = 1 + x

2 2
Example 5: Evaluate .
D

Solution: The parabolas intersect when 2 x 2 = 1 + x 2 , that is x 2 = 1, so x = 1.

D = ( x, y ) | − 1 x  1, 2 x 2  y 1 + x 2 

1 1+ x 2

 ( x + 2 y ) dA =   ( x + 2 y ) dy dx
D −1 2 x 2

1 y =1+ x 2

=   x y + y 2  dx
−1 y = 2 x2
1
=   x (1 + x 2 ) + (1 + x 2 ) − x ( 2 x 2 ) − ( 2 x 2 )  dx
2 2

 
−1
1
=   −3x 4 − x3 + 2 x 2 + x + 1  dx
−1
1
 x5 x 4 x3 x 2  32
=  −3 − + 2 + + x  =
 5 4 3 2  −1 15

Exercise Set 5.3

Evaluate the iterated integral

5 x 
2 x
1.   (8x − 2 y) dy dx
1 0
4.   x sin y dy dx
0 0
2 y
2
1 s2

   cos (s ) dt ds
3
2. x 2 y dx dy 5.
0 0 0 0
1 y [1-5] (Ref: Calculus- James Stewart- 8th Ed. Page: 1008)
  xe
y3
3. dx dy
0 0

5 x
3 9− y 2
6. 
1 x2
x y 2 dy dx 8.   y dx dy
0 0
3 1 x2
2 3− y
  (x − y ) dy dx .
2
7. 
1 y
y dx dy 9.
−1 − x 2

[6- 9] (Ref: Calculus- Howard Anton- 10th Ed. Page; 1015)

10.  x
D
2
y
+1

dA ; D = ( x, y ) |0  x  4, 0  y  x 
11.  ( 2 x + y ) dA ; D = ( x, y ) | 1  y  2, y − 1  x  1
D

12. 
D
x cos y dA ; D is bounded by y = 0, y = x2 , x =1

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Integral Calculus and Ordinary Differential Equations Summer 2024-2025

 ( x + 2 y ) dA ; D is bounded by y = x, y = x3 , x  0.
2
13.
D
[10-13] (Ref: Calculus – James Stewart- 8th Ed. Page:1008)

16
14. 
R
x 2 dA , R is the region bounded by y =
x
, y = x, x = 8

15. 
R
x y 2 dA, R is the region enclosed by y = 1, y = 2, x = 0, y = x

16. 
R
x y dA , R is the region enclosed by y = x , y = 6 − x , y = 0

17. 
R
x y 2 dA, R is the region in the first quadrant enclosed between y = x and y = x 3.

[14-17] (Ref: Calculus – Howard Anton- 10th Ed. Page # 10016)

Double Integration in polar coordinate

Suppose that we want to evaluate a double integral  f ( x, y) dA ,
R
where R is one of the regions shown in

Figure. In either case the description of R in terms of rectangular coordinates is rather complicated, but R is
easily described using polar coordinates.

The polar coordinates (𝑟, 𝜃) of a point are related to the rectangular coordinate (𝑥, 𝑦) by the equations

Change to Polar Coordinates in a Double Integral

If 𝑓 is continuous in a polar rectangle 𝑅 given by 𝑎 ≤ 𝑟 ≤ 𝑏, 𝛼 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 𝛽 Then
 b


R
f ( x, y ) dA =   f ( r cos  , r sin  ) r dr d
 a

r 2 = x2 + y 2
x = r cos 
y = r sin 

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Integral Calculus and Ordinary Differential Equations Summer 2024-2025

(
− x2 + y 2 ) dA where 𝑅 is the annulus 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ≥ 1, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ≤ 4.
Example 6: Evaluate  e
R

Solution:
2 +𝑦 2 )
∬ 𝑒 −(𝑥 𝑑𝐴
𝑅
𝜃=2𝜋 𝑟=2
2
= ∫ ∫ 𝑒 −𝑟 𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝜃
𝜃=0 𝑟=1
2𝜋

= − ∫ (𝑒 −4 − 𝑒 −1 ) 𝑑𝜃
0

= 2𝜋(𝑒 −1 − 𝑒 −4 )

Exercise Set 5.4

Evaluate the given integral by changing to polar coordinates.

 x
2
1. y dA , where 𝐷 is the top half of the disk with center the origin and radius 5.
D

2.  ( 2 x − y ) dA , where 𝑅 is the region in the first quadrant enclosed by the circle

R
x2 + y 2 = 4 and the lines

x = 0 and y = x .

 sin ( x + y 2 ) dA , where 𝑅 is the region in the first quadrant between the circles with the center of the origin
2
3.
R

and radii 1 and 3.

y2
4. 
R x2 + y 2
dA , where 𝑅 is the region that lies between the circles x2 + y 2 = a2 and x2 + y 2 = b2 with 0  a  b.


2
− y2
5. e− x dA , where 𝐷 is the region bounded by the semi-circle x = 4 − y 2 and the y − axis.
D

6. 
D
cos x 2 + y 2 dA , where 𝐷 is the disk with the center the origin and radius 2.

[1-6] (Ref: Calculus-James Stewart- 8th Ed. Page: 1014)

 sin ( x + y 2 ) dA , where 𝑅 is the region enclosed by the circle x2 + y 2 = 9.

2
7.
R

8. 
R
9 − x 2 − y 2 dA , where 𝑅 is the region in the first quadrant within the circle x2 + y 2 = 9.

1
9.  1+ x
R
2
+y 2
dA , where 𝑅 is the sector in the first quadrant bounded by y = 0, y = x and x2 + y 2 = 4.

[7-9] (Ref: Calculus-Howard Anton- 10th Ed. Page: 1025)

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Integral Calculus and Ordinary Differential Equations Summer 2024-2025

Change of variables in a double integral

Suppose that f is continuous on R

 ( x, y )
 f ( x, y ) dA =  f ( x (u, v ) , y ( u, v ))
R
 (u, v)
du dv

Where, the Jacobian of the transformation T given by x = g ( u , v ) and y = h ( u , v ) is

x x
 ( x, y ) u v x y x y
= = − .
 (u, v) y y u v v u
u v
( x+ y )
( x− y )
Example 7: Evaluate the integral  e
R
dA, where R is the trapezoidal region with vertices (1, 0),

(2, 0), (0, −2) and (0, −1).

( x+ y)
( x− y)
Solution: Since it isn’t easy to change to integrate e , we make a change of variables suggested by the
form of the function: 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 𝑦, 𝑣 = 𝑥 − 𝑦
These equations define a transformation T-1 from the 𝑥𝑦-plane to the 𝑢𝑤 −plane. By solveing above equation for 𝑥 and 𝑦
1 1
x= (u + v), y = (u − v)
2 2
x x 1 1
 ( x, y ) u v 2 =− 1
The Jacobian of T is = = 2
 (u , v) y y 1 1 2
−
u v 2 2
To find the region S in the 𝑢𝑣-plane corresponding to R, we note that the sides of R lie on the lines
y= 0 x − y= 2 x= 0 x− y =1
The image lines in the 𝑢𝑣 −plane are u = v v = 2 u = −v u =1

Thus, region S is the trapezoidal region with vertices (1, 1), (2, 2), (-2, 2) and (-1, S =  ( u , v ) |1  v  2, − v  u  v

( x+ y)
( x− y) u  ( x, y )
 e
R
dA =  e
S
v
 (u, v)
du dv

2 v 2 u= v
u 1 1  uv 
=  e v
  du dv =  v e  dv
1 −v 2 21 u = −v
2
1 3
= 
21
(e − e ) v −1
dv =
4
( e − e −1 ) .

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Integral Calculus and Ordinary Differential Equations Summer 2024-2025

Exercise Set 5.5

Evaluate the integral by making an appropriate change of variables.
x − 2y
1.  dA , where 𝑅 is the parallelogram enclosed by the lines x − 2 y = 0, x − 2 y = 4, 3x − y =1
R
3 x − y
and 3x − y = 8

 ( x + y ) e
x2 − y 2
2. dA , where 𝑅 is the rectangle enclosed by the lines x − y = 0, x − y = 2, x + y = 0 and
R

x + y = 3.
[1-2] (Ref: Calculus-James Stewart- 8th Ed. Page:1060)
y − 4x
3. 
R
y + 4x
dA , where 𝑅 is the region enclosed by the lines y = 4 x, y = 4 x + 2, y = 2 − 4 x, y = 5 − 4 x .

 ( x − y 2 ) dA , where 𝑅 is the rectangular enclosed by the lines y = − x, y = 1 − x, y = x, y = x + 2.

2
4.
R
[3-4] (Ref: Calculus-Howard Anton- 10th Edition. Page: 1070)

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Integral Calculus and Ordinary Differential Equations Summer 2024-2025

Chapter 6
Application of Double Integral
Mass and center of mass: The co-ordinates (𝑥̅ , 𝑦̅)of the center of mass of lamina occupying region D and having
density function 𝜌(𝑥, 𝑦) are
1 1
x=
m  x  ( x, y ) dA
D
and y=
m  y  ( x, y ) dA
D

Where the mass 𝑚 is given by m =   ( x, y ) dA

D

Example 1: Find the mass and center of mass of the lamina that occupies the region D and has the given density
function 𝜌. Where 𝐷 = {(𝑥, 𝑦)|0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 2} and 𝜌(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 + 𝑦.
Solution:
2 1

𝑚 = ∫ ∫(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
0 0
2 1
𝑥2
= ∫ ( + 𝑥𝑦)| 𝑑𝑦
2 0
0
2
1
= ∫ ( + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦
2
0
2
1 𝑦2
= ( 𝑦 + )| = 3
2 2 0

1 1
x =
m  x  ( x, y) dA
D
y=
m  y  ( x, y) dA
D

1 2 1 1 2 1
𝑥̅ = 3 ∫0 ∫0 𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 3 ∫0 ∫0 𝑦 (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
1 2 1 1 2 1
= 3 ∫0 ∫0 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 3 ∫0 ∫0 (𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
1 1
1 2 𝑥3 𝑥2 1 2 𝑥2
= ∫0 ( + 𝑦)| 𝑑𝑦 = ∫0 ( 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 2 )| 𝑑𝑦
3 3 2 0 3 2 0
2 1 2 1
1 2 1 1 1 1 1 𝑦2 ` = 3 ∫0 (2 𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦
` = 3 ∫0 (3 + 2 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 3 (3 𝑦 + 2 )|
2 0
2
5 1 1 𝑦2 𝑦3 11
=9 = 3 (2 + )| =
2 3 0 9

Therefore, Mass, 𝑚 = 3  5 11 
and center of mass ( x , y ) =  , 
9 9 

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Integral Calculus and Ordinary Differential Equations Summer 2024-2025

Exercise Set 6

Find the mass and center of mass of the lamina.

1. A lamina that occupies region D and has the given density function 𝜌.
Where 𝐷 = {(𝑥, 𝑦)| 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3, 1 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 4} and 𝜌(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑘𝑦 2 .
2. A lamina that occupies region D and has the given density function 𝜌.
Where 𝐷 = {(𝑥, 𝑦)| 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑎, 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑏} and 𝜌(𝑥, 𝑦) = 1 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 .
3. A lamina that occupies region D and has the given density function 𝜌. Where D is the triangular region with
vertices (0,0), (2,1), (0,3) and . 𝜌(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 + 𝑦.
4. A lamina that occupies region D and has the given density function 𝜌. Where D is the triangular region enclosed
by the lines 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = 2𝑥 and 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 1; 𝜌(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥.
5. A lamina that occupies region D and has the given density function 𝜌. Where D is bounded by
𝑦 = 1 − 𝑥 2 , 𝑦 = 0 and 𝜌(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑘𝑦.
[1-5] (Ref: Calculus-James Stewart- 8th Ed. Page: 1024- 1025)
6. A lamina that occupies region D and has the given density function 𝜌. Where D is bounded by
𝑦 = 𝑥 + 2, 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and 𝜌(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑘𝑥 2 .
7. A lamina that occupies region D and has the given density function 𝜌. Where D is bounded by the
𝑥 − axis, the line 𝑥 = 1 and the curve 𝑦 = √𝑥 and 𝜌(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 + 𝑦.
[6-7] (Ref: Calculus-Howard Anton- 10th Edition. Page: 1077)

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Integral Calculus and Ordinary Differential Equations Summer 2024-2025

Chapter 7
Triple Integrals
Iterated integrals in three variables.
3 1 1
Example 1: Evaluate ∫0 ∫0 ∫−1(𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑧)𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥.
3 1 1
Solution: ∫0 ∫0 ∫−1(𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑧)𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
𝑧=1
3 1 𝑧2
= ∫0 ∫0 (𝑥 2 𝑧 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑧=−1
3 1
= ∫0 ∫0 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
2
= ∫0 2𝑥 2 [𝑦]10 𝑑𝑥
3
= ∫0 2𝑥 2 ∙ 1𝑑𝑥
3
𝑥3
= 2[3]
0

= 18
Exercise Set 7.1

Evaluate the iterated integral.

2 z2 y − z 1 1 1− z 2
z
1.    ( 2 x − y ) dx dy dz
0 0 0
4.   y +1
dx dz dy
0 0 0
1 2 y x+ y  1 1− z 2
2.  
0 y 0
6 x y dz dx dy 5.   z sin x dy dz dx.
0 0 0
2 2 z ln x [1-5] (Ref: Calculus – James Stewart- 8th Ed.
   xe
−y
3. dy dx dz Page:1037)
1 0 0

1 2 1

  (x + y + z ) dx dy dz
3 9− z 2 x
2 2 2
6.
−1 0 0
10.    xy dy dx dz
0 0 0
1 3 x 2 ln z
2 1
7.    z x sin x y dx dy dz 11.  
1 x 0
x e y dy dz dx
13 0 0
2
2 y z 2 4 − x 2 3− x 2 − y 2
8.    y z dx dz dy
1 −1 −1
12.    x dz dy dx
0 0 −5+ x 2 + y 2

 2
4 1 x
9.  
0 0 0
x cos y dz dx dy [6- 12] (Ref: Calculus – Howard Anton- 10th Ed. Page: 1045)

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Integral Calculus and Ordinary Differential Equations Summer 2024-2025

Application of Triple Integrals

The volume of a closed bounded region R in space is ∭𝑹 𝒅𝑽

Example 2: Find the volume V of the tetrahedron bounded by the planes 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑧 = 0 and
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4. (see diagram)
Solution:
4 4− x 4− x − y
V =   dz dy dx
0 0 0

4 4−x
= ∫0 ∫0 (4 − x − y)dy dx
4−𝑥
4 𝑦2
= ∫0 [(4 − 𝑥)𝑦 − ] 𝑑𝑥
2 0

1 (4−𝑥)3 4 32
=2 [ ] =
−3 0 3

Exercise Set 7.2

Use a triple integral to find the volume of the given solid.

1. The tetrahedron enclosed by the coordinate planes and the plane 2 x + y + z = 4 .

2. The solid enclosed by the paraboloids y = x2 + z 2 and y = 8 − x2 − z 2 .

3. The solid enclosed by the cylinder y = x 2 and the planes z = 0 and y + z = 1 .

4. The solid enclosed by the cylinder x2 + z 2 = 4 and the planes y = − 1 and y + z = 4 .

[1-4] (Ref: Calculus – James Stewart- 8th Ed. Page:1037)

5. The solid enclosed by the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 9 and between the planes z =1 and x + z = 5 .

6. The solid enclosed by the paraboloids z = 5x2 + 5 y 2 and z = 6 − 7 x2 − y 2 .

[5-6] (Ref: Calculus – Howard Anton- 10th Ed. Page: 1045)

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Integral Calculus and Ordinary Differential Equations Summer 2024-2025

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