Pol Sc Help Test Series

NET/JRF JUNE 2024

WPT-1

1.Which of these terms, concepts or phrases Not related to Plato?

1. Radical rationalist
2. No to state based on law
3. Metaphysics
4. Noble Lie
5. Justice as harmony of soul
6. Functionalist
7. Ideal Constitution
8. Dialecticism
9. State individual writ large
10. Allegory of gave
11. Theory of divided line
12. Theory of Forms
13. The Academy
14. Magnesia

Options:
A. 2
B. 7
C. 2,7
D. 2,7,14

Addl. Info
• Magnesia was the theoretical state based on law/constitution explained in Plato’s book
‘the Laws’
• Hence, Plato was not against state based on law
• Ideal Constitution is related to Aristotle
2.Which of these terms, concepts or phrases Not related to Aristotle?

A. Science of politics
B. Stagira
C. Empiricism
D. Dualism
E. Comparative politics
F. Constitutionalism
G. Normative philosophical approach
H. Justice as proportional equality
I. Theory of causation
J. Organic & integrative theory of state
K. Eudemonia
L. Zoon Politikon
M. Lyceum

Addl. Info :
Dualism, belief in two world theory- visible and intelligible, the world of being and world of
becoming belongs to Plato

3.Which of these terms cannot be associated with Machiavelli?

A. Commonsensical approach
B. Realpolitik
C. Ends justify the means
D. Political Expediency
E. Moral Indifference
F. Moral Relativism
G. Italian Renaissance
H. Republicanism
I. Historicism
J. Secularism
K. Nationalism
L. Enterprise & audacity
 M. Fortuna
N. Virtue
O. Lion & Fox
P. Civic Humanism
Q. Dissimulation

Addl. Info
• Machiavelli’s virtu (Italian) roughly translates to courage, enterprise, audacity,
etc. required to acquire and maintain state; it is Not same as English virtue
• Civic Humanism: active participation of citizens in politics and the cultivation
of civic virtues.
• Moral Relativism: He seems to have advocated a form of moral relativism,
wherein ethical considerations are subordinate to political expediency.
• Dissimulation: Hiding one's thoughts, feelings, or character; pretense

4.Which of these terms, concepts or phrases Not related to Thomas Hobbes?

A. Individualism
B. Psychological egoism
C. Fear and Powe
D. Absolutism
E. Psychological Hedonism
F. Nominalism
G. Determinism
H. Monster of Malmsbury
I. Man is bundle of matter in motion
J. Ignored Aristotle
K. Spiritual peace by contemplating God
L. Natural law theory
M. Negative liberty
N. Human Vices of power, glory, ego
Addl. Info
• Hobbes never invoked God, spirituality, transcendental sources of knowledge,etc.
• Nominalism is a philosophical doctrine that denies the existence of abstract concepts or
universal categories as entities in the world. According to nominalists, only particular
 objects or individuals exist in the world, and abstract concepts such as "honesty" or
"justice" are only names or labels that we give to groups of similar things or actions.

5.Which of these terms, concepts or phrases Not related to John Locke?

1. Rationalist
2. Constitutionalist
3. Limited Govt
4. direct Democracy
5. No to Slavery
6. Harbinger of enlightenment
7. Apologist of the Glorious Revolution
8. Natural Rights of life, liberty, property
9. Labour theory of property
10. Tabula Rassa
11. Popular Sovereignty
12. Separation of powers
13. Tolerance
14. Consent of the governed
15. Right to Revolution

Options:
A. 1,4
B. 1,4,9
C. 5,9
D. 1,4,5
Addl. Info
• Locke was an empiricist, that is, he believed that only source of knowledge is through
sense experience. He refuted rationalism, that is belief in transcendental ( beyond sense
experience) sources of knowledge
• Tabula Rassa; To Locke, child’s brain at birth is like white paper or blank slate
• Labour theory of property: By mixing his labour into unowned natural objects man obtain
right on that property
• Locke supported representative Democracy
• Locke did not oppose slavery
6.Which of these terms, concepts or phrases Not related to Rousseau?
A. Popular Sovereignty
B. Revolt to reason
C. Nobel Savage
D. Natural Man
E. Romanticism
F. Direct Democracy
G. Positive freedom
H. Praise for science, philosophy, modern civilization
I. Forced to be free
J. Natural & conventional inequality
K. Negative Education
L. Participative Democracy
M. Perfectibility
N. Sentimentality
O. Civic Virtue
P. Civil Religion

Addl. Info
• civil religion for Rousseau is to foster sentiments of sociability and a love of public
duties among citizens, extending those bonds throughout a citizenry and its
membership.
• Sentimentality: Emphasis on feeling and emotion as sources of moral values and
knowledge.
7.Which of these terms, concepts or phrases Not related to JS Mill?
A. Justice as perfect obligation
B. higher and lower pleasure
C. Self-development
D. Reluctant Democrat
E. Plural Voting
F. Minority Rights
G. Support for Workers' Rights
H. Proportional representation
I. Utilitarian
J. Feminist
K. Tyranny of Majority
L. Harm principle
M. Self and other regarding actions
N. Felicific calculus
O. Positive liberalism
P. Universal Suffrage
Q. Positivism
R. Inductive logic
S. Social Justice

Addl. Info
Felicific Calculus: pleasure can be objectively measured and quantified- developed by classical
utilitarian Jeremy Bentham; JS Mill rejected this idea
8.Which term, concept, phrase not related to Confucius?

A. Mandate of Heaven
B. Analects
C. Five Relationships
D. Cultivation of Self
E. Merit-based system of governance
F. Strong family relationships
G. Yin and Yang
H. Ren
I. Li
J. Xiao
K. Junzi
L. Tian
M. Zhong
N. Shu
O. Gongfu
P. Shinto
Q. social hierarchies

Addl. Info
Five Relationships: Confucian social hierarchy emphasizing proper conduct and duties
within five key relationships: ruler and subject, parent and child, husband and wife, elder
sibling and younger sibling, and friend and friend.
Ren : Humanity, benevolence, compassion. The core virtue in Confucianism, emphasizing
empathy and care for others.
Li :Ritual, propriety, etiquette. Maintaining social harmony through appropriate behavior
and respect for tradition.
Xiao : Filial piety, respect for elders and ancestors. A foundational value for family and
social order.
Junzi : The superior person, cultivated individual who embodies Confucian virtues and leads
by example.
Zhong : Loyalty, dedication to one's duties and responsibilities.
Shu: Reciprocity, treating others as you wish to be treated.
Gongfu: Self-cultivation, continual effort to refine oneself morally and intellectually.
9.Which is Not related or attributed to Hegel?
A. Dialectical Idealism
B. Being and Nothingness
C. Organic Theory of state
D. Ethical Life
E. Civil society
F. Corporatism
G. State is march of God on Earth
H. Absolute Spirit
I. Absolute Idea
J. Cunning of Reason
K. End of history
L. Kingdom of Ends
M. Phenomenology of Spirit
N. Philosophy of right
O. Sublation
P. Teleology
Q. World-Historical Individuals
R. Aesthetic Idea

Addl. Info
sublation: The process of preserving something while negating its limitations, moving to a
higher level of understanding.
Being and Nothingness: The starting point of the dialectic, where being and nothingness are
shown to be interconnected and ultimately unified.
Teleology: The philosophical study of design or purpose in natural phenomena and human
history, which Hegel applies to the unfolding of Spirit in his philosophy. Every event has a
purpose – to move things towards a defined end.
10.Which term, phrase, concept is Not related or attributed to Mary Wollstonecraft
A. artificial & faulty feminine manners
B. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
C. Education as liberation
D. Individualism
E. Reason and virtue
F. Virtue is sex neutral
G. Rational Motherhood
H. natural rights
I. equality of the sexes
J. A Vindication of the Rights of Men
K. Republicanism
L. The mind has no sex
M. Critic of Edmund Burke and Rousseau
N. Rejection of household duties
O. Two dimensional Rights of men
P. Enlightenment

Addl. Info
She accepted household duties- rearing child, domestic management- as natural ‘women’s duties

11.Which is correct about Western Political Thought?

1. Emphasis on individual freedom and autonomy, often reflected in concepts like natural
rights, human dignity, and self-determination.
2. Supporting Rule of Law and Limited Government
3. Emphasis on reasoned arguments, logic, and empirical evidence in understanding and
addressing political issues
4. Belief that citizens have a right to participate in the political process, often through
representative forms of government.
5. Increasing emphasis on universal human rights regardless of gender, race, religion, or
other factors

Options:
A. 1,2,3,4
B. 1,2,3,4,5
C. 1,2,4,5
D. 2,3,4,5
12.Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies tacit consent in Locke's theory?
a) An individual explicitly signs a contract agreeing to abide by a government's laws.
b) A person actively participates in a protest against government policies.
c) Citizens continue to pay taxes and follow laws while residing in a particular country.
d) A ruler assumes power through hereditary succession.

13.The distinction between love of self (amour de soi) and love of esteem (amour propre) is
central to the thought of
A. Thomas Hobbes
B. Alexis de Tocqueville
C. John Locke
D. Rousseau
Addl. Info
• amour de soi: living within onself, not bothering what others think ; denotes life in state
of nature in Rousseau’s thought
• amour propre: living beyond onself, in other’s view; getting affected by what other think
of you; denotes modern civilization in Rousseau’s thought

14.Which of the following are Not a ground of political obligation as given by Hobbes?
A. Moral obligation as one has consented, as part of the social contract, to obey its laws in
exchange for protection and security.
B. Not obeying the sovereign tantamount to committing Sin
C. As long as the sovereign is capable of maintaining order and protecting individuals from
the chaos of the state of nature, citizens have an obligation to obey its laws
D. Sovereign represent the will of the people-the commonwealth, the body politic of which
each one is the creator by his own free will
E. Fear of punishment
F. Obeying law will maintain common peace and security
15.Which is not one of logic given by Mill in defense of Liberty of Thought, opinion,
expression?
A. Even if one person holds opinion/idea different than everyone else, that idea may be true
and hence suppressing it will deprive us from exchanging error for truth
B. We attain infallibility through expressing diverse opinion
C. Even If new idea/opinion is false, it helps maintain the vitality of existing truth
D. allowing new idea to enter the ‘marketplace of ideas’ will be useful for discovering and
maintaining the truth—and hence, help social progress

16.Who called JS Mill a Reluctant Democrat?

A. Ernest Berkar
B. GH Sabine
C. CL Wayper
D. W.A. Dunning

Addl. Info
CL Wayper wrote ‘Political thought(1954)’

17.Chronologically arrange the following books of Thomas Hobbes?

1. Elements of Law, Natural and Politic
2. Leviathan
3. De Corpore
4. De Homine
5. Behemoth
Options:
A. 1, 2, 3, 4,5
B. 2,5,3,4,1
C. 4,2,1,3,5
D. 4,3,2,5,1
Addl. Info

De Cive (1642)

De Corpore (1655)

De Homine (1658)

Leviathan (1651)

Behemoth (1682)

Elements of Law, Natural and Politic (published posthumously in 1650, but written
earlier around 1640)

18.Chronologically arrange the following books of John Stuart Mill?

1. A system of logic
2. The subjection of women
3. Consideration on representative government
4. The essay on liberty
Options:
A. 1,4,3,2
B. 3,1,2,4
C. 2,4,3,1
D. 4,3,1,2

Addl. Info

• A System of Logic (1843)

• The Subjection of Women (1869)
• Considerations on Representative Government (1861)
• The Essay on Liberty (1859)
19.Which of the following aspects have Not been defended by J. S. Mill?
A. worker-owned cooperative enterprises
B. redistribution of wealth to address social inequalities
C. One vote, one value
D. Universal Education
E. Women’s rights in marriage
F. Universal Franchise

20.Which best describe the System of Yin and Yang, part of the philosophy of
Confucianism ?
A. Denotes two sexes- male and female, by which the entire world is divided into two
realms
B. Denotes rich & poor, or haves and ‘have nots’ which reflect the duality of socio-
economic realms
C. Twin concept of liberty & equality, synthesis of which may bring social justice, peace,
and harmony
D. Denotes dualistic nature of existence and the interplay of opposing but complementary
forces

21.Justice for Plato is which of the following?

A. Justice consists in the mere adherence to the laws

B. Justice is the triumph of the stronger over the weaker
C. Justice is achieved with an eye for the good of the whole
D. Justice is in loyalty to the Ruler and the state

22.Which political thinker explained two types of justice- universal or general and
particular?

A. Plato
B. Aristotle
C. Kant
D. John Rawls
Addl. Info

Universal or General Justice: This referred to acting in accordance with the law and
being a virtuous citizen. It encompassed fulfilling one's role within the community and
upholding the values and principles necessary for its well-being.

Particular Justice: This type further divided into two subtypes:

a. Distributive Justice: This focused on the fair and proportional distribution of goods,
honors, and burdens within a society. Essentially, it dealt with the "who gets what"
question based on merit or some other established criteria.

b. Rectificatory Justice: This concerned restoring balance and correcting wrongs done
between individuals. It aimed to achieve fairness in specific situations where someone
had gained or lost something unjustly. For example, this could involve returning stolen
property or compensating someone for damages.

23. Match:
1. Crito – A. Aristotle.
2. Essay on the origin of language –B. J. S. Mill.
3. Rhetoric –C. Plato.
4. Three Essays on Religion –D. Rousseau.
Options:
A. 1-D, 2-A, 3-C, 4-B
B. 1-C, 2-D, 3-A, 4-B
C. 1-C, 2-B, 3-A, 4-D
D. 1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A.

24.Which of these are correct about Aristotle’s Views on property?

1. He believed that private property is necessary to pursue a flourishing life

2. He argued that the distribution of property should be based on merit and contribution to
the state
3. While advocating private ownership, Aristotle emphasized that individual’s property
rights are absolute
4. He distinguished between the use value and exchange value of property
5. He was against excessive accumulation and acquisition beyond what is necessary for a
good life
Options:

A. Only 1 and 4
B. 1,2,3,4
C. 1,2,3,5
D. 1,2,4,5

Addl. Info

Aristotle put Limits to property rights. He held the view that individuals owned property
privately but used it for the benefit of the community. This concept aligns with his idea of
"common use" of possessions - the owner benefits directly, but others can also enjoy its
fruits through charity, trade, or public services. To him, private property should be for
common good.

Property should be acquired through just and honest means

Property should have use value; hence primary occupation- farming, fishing, cattle/sheep
rearing, hunting/gathering- are good/just

Exchange/barter to acquire utility items is also allowed. But trading for profit not good;
profiting from money lent on interest is worst way to generate wealth

Too much wealth is not good. Virtue, not mere wealth, should be criteria for political
offices

25.Assertion (A): Machiavelli based his thoughts on the ancient Greek assumption that the
state is the highest form of human association necessary for the protection, welfare and
perfection of humanity and as such the interests of the state are definitely superior to
individual or social interests.

Reason (R): His second premise was that the self-interest in one form or another,
particularly material self-interest, is the most potent of all factors of political motivation.

Options:
A - Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B - Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
C - A is true but R is false.
D - A is false but R is true
 26. Which of the Following statements are false in regarding textual Approach of the
interpretation?
1. It exemplifies the application of hermeneutics to the interpretation of classics.
2. It focuses on the language of the given text in order to understand its real meaning.
3. It believes that the text of a classic contains the expression of eternal truth.
4. It claims that the text should be treated as an occasional response to the author’s peculiar
experiences or to the historical or sociological circumstances of his times.
5. Leo Strauss is regarded chief exponent of this approach
Options:
1. 1,2
2. 2, 4
3. 4,5
4. 4
Addl info:
Contextual approach believes that the text should be treated as an occasional response to the
author’s peculiar experiences or to the historical or sociological circumstances of his times, and on
the other hand textual approach claims that the text should not be treated as an occasional response
to the author’s peculiar experiences or to the historical or sociological circumstances of his times.
Strauss was also known for the revival of the political theory. In his famous essay on ‘Political
philosophy and the crisis of Our time’, Strauss declared “the crisis of our time is a consequence of
the crisis of political Philosophy”.

27.Which is matched incorrectly?

Approaches to textual interpretation Chief proponents
A. ‘Marxian’ Approach -- C. B. Macpherson
B. ‘Totalitarian’ Approach -- Leo Strauss
C. ‘Psychoanalytic’ Interpretation-- Bruce Mazlish
D. ‘Postmodernist’ Approach-- Jacques Derrida
E. Cambridge ‘New History’ approach- Quentin Skinner

Addl. Info
• ‘Totalitarian’ Approach- Karl Popper
• ‘Straussian’ Approach is attributed to Leo Strauss
28. Which of the following statements is incorrect about the education system of Plato?
1. It is founded on the principle of compulsory education and full equality of opportunity for all.
2. At the age of 15 all students will be subjected to the first high level examination.
3. At the age of 50 they will be subjected to the final examination.
4. Those who are successful in final test they will become ruler.
5. Those who fail this last test they will join the ranks of auxiliaries.
6. Rousseau declared the Republic the best treatise on education.
Options:
1. 123456
2. 23
3. 45
4. 2
Addl info:
Plato’s education system is founded on the principle of compulsory education and full equality of
opportunity for all.
3 stages of the examination on the basis of age.
1. 20 (peasants, traders).
2. 30 (auxiliaries).
3. 50 (philosopher king).

29.Match:
1. Kallipolis - a. Machiavelli
2. Nicomachean Ethics - b.Sun Tzu
3. Clizia – c. Plato
4. The art of war - d. Aristotle
Option:
1. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b.
2. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d.
3. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
4. 1-d, 2-c, 3-a, 4-b

Addl info:
• Kallipolis ideal city of Plato
• The art of war -Mao Zedong, Machiavelli, Sun Tzu
• Clizia is a comedy by Machiavelli, written in 1525
 30. Find out correct chronology of the following books on the basis of their publication?
1. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
2. Thoughts on the Education of Daughters
3. Maia: Or, the wrongs of Woman Illustrated
4. A vindication of the rights of men
Option:
1. 1234
2. 2341
3. 2413
4. 4321
Add info:
Mary Wollstonecraft:
• A Vindication of the Rights of Woman-1792
• Thoughts on the Education of Daughters- 1787
• Maia: Or, The wrongs of Woman Illustrated-1798
• A vindication of the rights of men-1790

31. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as
Reason R?
A. Hobbes used to say: “Fear and I were born twins and were never thereafter inseparable”.
R. Hobbes throughout his life lived in turbulent times; sense of insecurity was the chief
characteristic of his life as well as his works.
1. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are correct but R is Not the correct explanation of A
3. A is correct but R is not correct
4. A is not correct but R is correct

Addl info:
The most striking event of his times was the English civil war (1642-49), after looking at the political
scenario of that time Hobbes was convinced that a strong government is necessary to save human
civilization.
32. Find out the correct statement.

I. In first treaties of civil government (1689), Locke sought to refute the theory of divine
right of King by Robert Filmer.
II. In second treaties of civil government (1690), Locke sought to refute the theory of
Human nature by Machiavelli.

1. Both statements are correct.

2. Both statements are incorrect.
3. Only statement II is incorrect.
4. Only statement I is correct.

Add info:
In first treaties of civil government (1689), Locke sought to refute the theory of divine right of King
by Robert Filmer.S econd treaties of civil government (1690), Locke sought to refute the theory of
Human nature by Hobbes.

33. Which is matched incorrectly?

Quote—thinker
1. I do not wish them to have power over men; but over themselves-- Mary Wollstonecraft
2. The owl of Minerva spreads its wings only with the falling of dusk—Hegel
3. To be human, one must learn and practice; not to do so is like a tiger roaring in the
mountains—Confucius
4. "I prefer liberty with danger than peace with slavery” -- Locke

Options:
A.4
B. 1,3,4
C.1, 2,4
D.2,3,4

Addl. Info
"I prefer liberty with danger than peace with slavery”- Rousseau
34. Which of the following statements are correct about Plato’s thought on “Being” and
“Becoming”.
1. There are two worlds, the world of Being and the world of Becoming.
2. The world of Being is dynamic and imperfect, on the other hand the world of Becoming is
stable and perfect.
3. The world of Being is the ideal world ,and unchangeable, imperishable and eternal .
4. The world of Becoming is always in a state of flux, unreal and imperfect.
5. the world of Being is realized through Reason and that of Becoming through sense
perceptions.
Options:
A.1,2,3,4,5
B. 1,3,4,5
C.2
D.2,3,4,5

Addl info:
To Plato, a dualist, there are two worlds ,the world of Being and the world of Becoming. The
world of Being is stable and perfect, on the other hand the world of Becoming is dynamic and
imperfect. The world of Being is the ideal world ,and unchangeable, imperishable and eternal
.The world of Becoming is always in a state of Flux, unreal and imperfect. the world of Being
is realized through Reason and that of Becoming through sense perceptions.

35. Which statement is correct about Aristotle’s views on slavery.

1.Aristotle says, from the hour of birth some men are marked out for subjection and other for rule .
2.Each Citizen needs private property and slaves.
3. Persons having capacity, foresight, self –reliance and the life of virtue are intended by nature to
work with their mind.
4. Persons lacking virtue of life are intended by nature to work with the body.
5.Aristotle thoughts on slavery, became one of the factors behind the American civil war.
Option:
A. 1,2,3,4
B. 2,3,4,5
C. 1,3,4,5
D. 1,2,3,4,5
Add info:
Aristotle justified slavery both on conventional and natural basis. Slaves are considered
necessary because they provide leisure that was most essential for the welfare of the state.
Aristotle stated that slavery benefited the slaves as well .Because by being a slave he would
be able to share the virtues of the master and elevate himself.

36. Which of the following statement is false about Machiavelli.

A. The Discourses on the Livy is treatise by Machiavelli on the republican form of
government
B. Discourses are a free commentary upon the history of the Roman Republic.
C. Discourses praises the Swiss and German institutions, which makes remarkable case for
the republican form of government.
D. In this work he gives a guideline for maintaining and preserving republics.
E. In this work Machiavelli reject the idea of armed citizenry

Add info:
Discourses are a free commentary upon the history of the Roman Republic. It regarded
Republics as the best form of government. In this book Machiavelli supported the idea of
armed citizenry many believe that the gun laws in USA is inspired by the Machiavellian
thought of armed citizenry

37. Match.
1.Hobbes - A. it is better to be feared than loved, if you cannot be both at the same time.
2. Aristotle - B. in the nature of man, we find three principal causes of quarrel. First
competition, secondly diffidence, thirdly glory.
3. Plato - C. Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of
human existence.
4.Machiavelli - D “ Until philosophers are kings and princes of the world have the spirit
and powers of philosophy, cities will never have rest from their evils”
Options:
A. 1-D, 2-A, 3-C, 4-B
B. 1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A
C. 1-D, 2-B, 3-C, 4-A
D. 1-B, 2-D, 3-C, 4-A.
38. Find out the correct chronology of these books of Karl Marx on the basis of
publication?
1) On the Jewish Question.
2) The German Ideology.
3) Theses on Feuerbach.
4) Critique of the Gotha Program.
Options:
A.1,2,3,4
B. 1,3,4,2
C.2,1,3,4
D.2,3,4,1

Add info:
1) On the Jewish Question (1844).
2) The German Ideology (1932).
3) Theses on Feuerbach (1888).
4) Critique of the Gotha Program (1891).

39. Which of the following statements are correct about J S Mill?

i. In “Liberty” and “Representative Government” Mill was very distrustful about
democracy.
ii. J S Mill identifies two kinds of dangers to representative democracy: low grade
intelligence, and legislation on the basis of numerical majority.
Options:
A. Both statements are correct.
B. Both statements are false.
C. statement one is correct .
D. only statement two is correct.
40. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled
as Reason R
A. Assertion: According to Hegel, the progress of human civilization has not been in a positive
straight –line. It was in a zig-zag sort of movement.
B. Reason: In the process of evolution, something that is undeveloped gets developed by splitting
up, assuming many different and opposing forms. It then unites or combines again in a new
concrete object and becomes a unity in diversity.
Option:
1. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are correct but R is Not the correct explanation of A
3. A is correct but R is not correct
4. A is not correct but R is correct

41. Which statement is correct about Hegel, and his views on Family, civil society and
state?
1. Family is the first social institution in which individual’s egoism is transcended by some
sort of altruism.
2. Family is cradle of virtue.
3. Civil society represents a rudimentary form of a higher order that is state.
4. Family is the differentia between the Civil society and the state
5. Hegel glorifies the state as ‘ the march of God in the world’
6. State is the highest expression of the ethical life consisting of family, civil society and
state.
Options:
A. 123456
B. 13456
C. 12356
D. 1 5 6.
Add info:
Hegel has dwelled on the role of family civil society and the state in their dialectical
relationship.
The family represents ‘unity’ (thesis).
In contrast, civil society represents ‘particularity’ (antithesis); and finally , the state represents
‘universality’(synthesis).
42. Which of the following statements in the context of Mary Wollstonecraft are correct?
1. Wollstonecraft issued an early call for women’s suffrage
2. Faulty socio-cultural conditioning and wrong education are main factors behind miserable
conditions of women
3. Wollstonecraft attacked Jean-Jacques Rousseau in her book ‘A Vindication of the Rights
of Woman’ who advocated for separate educations for boys and girls.
4. Unless women get civil and political rights, they shall not get rights and equality in
marriage and family
5. Wollstonecraft criticized Edmund Burke’s advocacy for existing social hierarchy and
structure in her pamphlet ‘A Vindication of the Rights of Men’

Option:
A. 1,2,3,4,5
B. 1,2,3,5
C. 1,2,3,4
D. 1,3,4,5

43. Which one of the following quotations belongs to Merry Wollstonecraft?

1. “Let woman share the rights, and she will emulate the virtues of man; for she must
grow more perfect when emancipated. ...”
2. “Man is free to act without subject to arbitrary will of another within allowance of
moral law”.
3. “I really think that women ought to have representatives, instead of being arbitrarily
governed without having any direct share allowed them in the deliberations of
government.”
4. “Liberty is the mother of virtue,”
5. “The man who can be contented to live with a pretty, useful companion, without a
mind, has lost in voluptuous gratifications a taste for more refined enjoyments,”
6. “I speak of the improvement and emancipation of the whole sex,”
Options:
A. 123456
B. 1236
C. 13456
D. 2 3 4 5 6.
Addl info:
“Man is free to act without subject to arbitrary will of another within allowance of moral law”
John Locke.
44. Which statement is correct about the Hobbes, and his views on human nature?
1. Everything in man, including his thoughts, is, he believed, derived from his
senses(motions).
2. These motions, further generates movements in man’s brain which may be called his
active powers; these are his emotions or passions.
3. These motions result into rational, and moral human beings.
4. Man is microcosm, an epitome of the universe.
5. Man is compelled by that very principle of motion which is operative in the universe
to will what he desires and only what he desires. It is impossible for him to will what
another desires.

Options:
A. 1234
B. 12345
C. 1235
D. 23 5

45. Which statement is correct about the social contract theory of the state?
1. Instead of invoking the divine source of authority of the sovereign, they looked for the
secular and rational basis of the authority.
2. The theory denoted the growing power of the landed aristocratic class vis-a-vis the
bourgeois Class
3. Person’s moral or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement
among them to form the society in which they live.
4. state of nature was the original position before creation of state, it was anarchic and
without any higher political authority
5. Social contract theory is purely hypothetical.
Options:
A. 12345
B. 1,2,3,4
C. 1,3,4,5
D. 2345
Add info:
Reverse thy statement 2. The social contact theory denoted the rising power of the Bourgeois
class vis-a-vis-the landed aristocratic class
46. Find out the correct chronology of these books of Hegel on the basis of their
Publication?
1. The Phenomenology of Spirit
2. Lectures on the Philosophy of History
3. Encyclopedia of the philosophical sciences
4. Science of logic
5. Elements of the philosophy of right
Options:
A. 12345
B. 14352
C. 54321
D. 2345 1
Addl info:
• The Phenomenology of Spirit-1807
• Lectures on the Philosophy of Histor-y1837
• Encyclopedia of the philosophical sciences-1817
• Science of logic-1816
• Elements of the philosophy of right-1820

47. Which of the following statements are correct about Machiavelli?

1. William T. Bluhm, has described Machiavelli as the pioneer of behaviouralism.
2. Quentin Skinner has argued that Machiavelli was basically a republican; that it is wrong
to treat the prince and the Discourses as part of different literary traditions.
3. To Laski, Machiavelli is child of Renaissance or the whole of Renaissance was in
Machiavelli.
4. William Shakespeare calls him ‘Teacher of evils’
5. Leo Strauss calls him “The murderous Machiavelli”.
Options:
A. 12345
B. 1235
C. 123
D. 45
Addl info:
• William T. Bluhm, has described Machiavelli as the pioneer of behaviouralism.
• Quentin Skinner has argued that Machiavelli was basically a republican; that it is wrong
to treat the prince and the Discourses as part of different literary traditions.
• Laski, Machiavelli is child of Renaissance or the whole of Renaissance was in
Machiavelli.
• Leo Strauss, Teacher of evils
• William Shakespeare “The murderous Machiavelli”.

48. Match:

1. William T. Bluhm - A. Theories of political system: classics of political thought

and modern political analysis.
2. Quentin Skinner -B. The foundations of modern political thought
3. Leo Strauss -C. Thoughts on Machiavelli
4. H Laski -D. The Rise of European Liberalism
Options:
A. 1-D, 2-A, 3-C, 4-B
B. 1-A, 2-B, 3-C, 4-D
C. 1-C, 2-B, 3-A, 4-D
D. 1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A.

Add info:
• William T. Bluhm Theories of political system: classics of political thought and modern
political analysis.1978
• Quentin Skinner, The foundations of modern political thought1978
• Leo Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli 1958
• The Rise of European Liberalism by H Laski1836
49. Find out the correct statement?
I. Plato prescribed Censorship of art and literature, in order to prevent or suppress any
voice of protest. He held that media will be used for the propagation of a noble lie.
II. Karl Popper, Bertrand Russell, and R. H. S. Crossman saw Plato as a totalitarian.
Options:
A. Both statements are correct.
B. Both statements are false.
C. Statement one is correct.
D. Only statement two is correct.
Add info:
Plato prescribed Censorship of art and literature, in order to prevent or suppress any voice of
protest. He held that these media will be used for the propagation of a noble lie variously
described as a myth or a royal fable to convince people that the present arrangement is best for
them because it is ordained by God.
Myth:
Soul cast in Gold - Philosopher King or Queen.
Soul cast in Silver –Auxiliaries( soldiers)
Soul cast in Brass and Iron- Husbandmen and craftsmen.(Producer class)

50. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled
as Reason R?
A. Aristotle observed that dissatisfaction with the existing distribution of power and prestige
gave rise to rebellion. Dissatisfaction may be widespread or limited to a small group. It
erupts in violent form.
B. Political stability can be secured by educating the people in accordance with the spirit of the
constitution.
Options:
5. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
6. Both A and R are correct but R is Not the correct explanation of A
7. A is correct but R is not correct
8. A is not correct but R is correct
Add info:
State sponsored educational system can induce the people to make their property available for
the common use. This would give rise to mutual understanding, goodwill and cooperation.
51. Which of the following statements are correct about Hegel, and his views on slavery?
1. Hegel maintained that slave alone is capable of virtue; master is simply incapable of it.
2. Slave acquires three components of virtue which makes him morally and intellectually
valuable for society.
3. These three virtues are Knowledge, power over nature and self-discipline.
4. Master is also capable to develop all virtues.
5. Hegel observes that it is only fear that keeps slave docile.
6. Hegel eulogized ‘labour’ as a liberating force.
Options:
A. 123456
B. 2 3 4, 5,6
C. 12356
D. 1,3,4,6
Add info:
Slave acquires three components of virtue which makes him morally and intellectually valuable
for society. These three virtues are Knowledge, power over nature and self discipline. Hegel
maintained that slave alone is capable of virtue; master is simply incapable of it. Hegel observes
that it is only fear that keeps him docile. Hegel eulogized ‘labour’ as a liberating force.

52. Which of the following statements are correct about utilitarianism?

1. All utilitarians held that the state should resort the minimum intervention in individual
activities in order to secure ‘greatest happiness of the greatest numbers’.
2. J S Mill introduced qualitative differences between different kinds of pleasure.
3. For utilitarians such as Mill and Bentham Ultimate aim of the state is to ensure happiness
rather than liberty
4. The felicific calculus is an algorithm formulated by J S Mill for calculating the degree of
pleasure.
Options:
A. 1234
B. 234
C. 23
D. 14
Addl info:
Felicific calculus – Bentham .
Utilitarian’s held that the state should resort the minimum intervention in individual activities in
order to secure ‘greatest happiness of the greatest numbers’. J S Mill sought to revise this view
of utilitarian’s to make room for the extension of state activity in order to promote public
welfare.

53. Match:
1. Hedonism - A. Locke
2. Constitution of Carolina - B. Hobbes
3. One person is equal to ninety-nine - C. Plato
4. Meno –D. J S. Mill.
Options:

A. 1-D, 2-A, 3-C, 4-B

B. 1-B, 2-A, 3-D, 4-C
C. 1-C, 2-B, 3-A, 4-D
D. 1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A.

54. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled
as Reason R?
A. J S Mill’s ‘On liberty’ ranks with John Milton’s Areopagitica as a great English classic
on the subject of liberty.
B. Areopagitica is powerful and eloquent plea for the liberty of thought, expression and
action . It calls for the toleration of opinion that we fail to understand.
Option:
1. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are correct but R is Not the correct explanation of A
3. A is correct but R is not correct
4. A is not correct but R is correct