TDR2002 Megger User Guide
TDR2002 Megger User Guide
USER GUIDE
GUIDE DE L’UTILISATEUR
BENUTZERHANDBUCH
ANVÄNDARMANUAL
GEBRUIKERSHANDLEIDING
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G SAFETY WARNINGS
■ This instrument meets the safety requirements of IEC 61010 part 1 to 300V CAT III.
■ Although this tester does not generate any hazardous voltages, circuits to which it can be connected could be dangerous due to electric shock
hazard or due to arcing (initiated by short circuit). While every effort has been made by the manufacturer to reduce the hazard, the
user must assume responsibility for ensuring his or her own safety.
■ For use on energised systems rated up to 300V Installation Category III* use the fused clip set Megger Part Number 6111-218,
must be used.
■ Relates to the transient over voltages likely to be met in fixed wiring installations. CAUTION (Risk of electric shock)
4mm plug to BNC Adaptor:
■ This 4mm plug to BNC adaptor is intended for use with telecom network cables only, it is not designed or intended for direct connection to
an energised mains supply. However, in normal use it may be subject to telecom network voltages (TNV) as defined by IEC 60950 3rd edition
(1999-04).
■ The BNC plug and socket are, by necessity, accessible. The outer sheath for this connector is normally at SELV levels, however under single
fault conditions it may carry hazardous voltages. The operator must therefore verify that the accessible plug or socket is at SELV levels prior to
touching, or alternatively wear appropriate insulated gloves.
■ The instrument should not be used if any part of it is damaged.
■ Test leads and crocodile clips must be in good order, clean and with no broken or cracked insulation.
■ Check that all lead connections are correct before making a test.
■ A Fused Lead Set must be used to connect to energised live systems. Refer to the accessories section for options.
■ Disconnect the test leads before accessing the battery compartment.
■ Refer to operating instructions for further explanation and precautions.
■ Safety Warnings and Precautions must be read and understood before the instrument is used.
They must be observed during use.
NOTE
THE INSTRUMENT MUST ONLY BE USED BY SUITABLY TRAINED AND COMPETENT PERSONS.
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CONTENTS
Introduction 4 Specification 15
Operation 9
Battery Fitting and Replacement
TDR2000/2
TDR2000/2R & TDR2000/2RM
TDR2000/2P
Initial Power Up 9
Power-up and initial configuration
Instrument Features 12
TxNull
Velocity Factor
Pulse Widths Symbols used on the instrument are:
Trace Storage
Saving a trace to memory
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G Caution: Refer to accompanying notes.
INTRODUCTION
Thank you for purchasing the TDR2000/2 cable fault locator. Before
attempting to use your new instrument please take the time to read this
user guide, this will save you time, advise you of any safety precautions
you need to take and prevent damage to yourself and the instrument.
Dual inputs and large graphic display allow a wide range of comparative
tests to be performed between cable pairs and/or stored results.
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The display and controls of the TDR2000/2 have been ergonomically The Instrument controls consist of the following.
arranged so that the instrument is easy to use.
1 3
L1 Input channel 1
7 2
L2 Input channel 2
4 * Only test leads supplied with the instrument should be used.
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Contrast: Display contrast adjustment allows the user to adjust the
contrast of the LCD Display for optimum viewing comfort.
9 8
Tx Null: Allows the user to reduce the amplitude of the transmitted pulse
5 on the displayed trace, allowing reflections close to the start of the cable
9 6
(normally referred to as the “Dead Zone” to be identified. Refer to the
section on Tx Null for further details.
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key again to swap active cursors. While in this mode the TDR will accumulate any transient reflections as a
permanently displayed trace. To exit the Intermittent mode press the
2. The Find key searches for the furthest major change of impedance.
ZOOM key with the SHIFT button down, or by change the range, gain or
This may be a fault or the end of the cable if this is a short or open
mode settings.
circuit hazardous voltage is present.
7. Help Key: These screens provide help on the use of the TDR2000/2.
3. Cursor Right: Move cursor right, on the display. Auto repeats if held
Press the help key followed by the function key on which you require
down.
help.
SHIFT/Cursor right – Dual cursor mode: Press with the SHIFT key to
8. Backlight key: Toggles backlight on or off. Backlight automatically
select alternative cursor in dual cursor mode. Press the SHIFT and Cursor
switches off after 1, 2 or 5 minutes (as set in the configuration menu).
key again to swap active cursors.
9 Gain: A bi-directional key allowing adjustment of the instrument gain
4. Velocity factor: A bi-directional key for setting of the cable velocity
from 0 dB to 90 dB in steps of 6 dB. Auto repeats if held down.
factor in the range 0.300 to 0.999 of the speed of light. Auto repeats if
held down. Refer to the section on ‘Velocity factor’ for further Refer to the Operation section for further details.
information.
10. Shift: Used in combination with other keys to access alternative
5. L1-L2 Mode: Selects the test mode by cycling between L1, L2, L1 & L2, modes.
and XTALK. The selected mode is shown in the top left of the display
11. Range: A bi-directional key which adjusts the instruments
screen.
measurement range from 16 km (48 kft) down to 50 m (150 ft). Auto
SHIFT/Mode – Difference measurement: (L1-L2 or L1-M1, 2…15) To repeats if held down. A full range of details can be found in the product
display the difference between two channels the TDR must be in either specification.
L1&L2 or L1&M#) modes. Press the MODE key with the SHIFT key
12. On/Off: Switches instrument on and off. The instrument
depressed. The instrument will display L1-L2, or L1-M1.
automatically switches off after a default time of 5, 10 or 15 minutes, as
6. Zoom: The ZOOM key toggles the display between the whole display set in the configuration menu, or if the battery voltage is too low to
range and a zoomed in view. This allows more accurate positioning of continue testing.
the cursor bar and hence the distance measured.
13. Menu: Pressing the Menu key displays the instrument menu. For full
The modes are shown as ‘normal’ and ‘zoom’ at the top of the display details, refer to the menu guide opposite.
window.
14. Download/Upload: Initiates the download or upload of stored results
SHIFT/Zoom – Intermittent mode: By pressing the ZOOM key with the between the TDR and the PC. Refer to the section on downloading later
SHIFT button held down, the instrument switches to ‘Intermittent mode’. in this user guide.
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15. Save: Toggles the display between an active display and one of 15 MENU
stored memory locations. The MENU includes all those settings that would not be accessed in daily
use. To enter this mode press the MENU key. (13)
Shift/Save: Initiates a save routine to store the currently displayed trace.
By saving to a memory location, traces can be recalled later.
MENU
LANGUAGE [ENGLISH, …]
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MENU definitions: 5 Press the MENU key again to exit the configuration menu.
Test Rate: This sets the screen update rate to once per second or three 6 Select display mode L1
times per second.
7 Measure the time (in ns) to the ends of the test leads. To
Pulse Width: This option allows the user to override the default pulse identify this point on the trace open circuit and close circuit the
width set by the instrument for a particular measurement range and select end of the test leads and note the distance.
an alternative pulse width.
8 Enter the MENU again (key 13).
(See the Instrument Specification at the end of this user guide for full
details on the pulse options for each measurement range). 9 Set the ZERO (ns) to the measured time.
Pulse Height: Three pulse heights options exist. 3 V, 5 V and 14 V. All measured distances will now be shown relative to the end of the test
14 V is not available when the instrument test range is less than 400 m. leads.
Averaging: When trying to locate cable features when a high gain is Power down: Allows the user to set the automatic power-down to 5, 10
required, any noise on the Cable Under Test (C.U.T) will be amplified as or 15 minutes after the last key press.
well as the reflected pulse. This noise may make accurate location of the Display: Switches off the backlight after a pre-defined period, 1, 2 or 5
cable feature more difficult. To overcome this, the instrument has the minutes.
ability to average two or more results. Any noise will be reduced. Options
of 1x, 2x, 3x or 4x over-sampling can be set in the MENU. Language: This allows the user to select the language required, from
English (default) to French, German, Spanish, Italian. Other languages can
Zero (ns): This setting enables the zero point of the instrument to be set be downloaded from the Tracemaster CD supplied with the instrument.
at the end of the test leads, so the test lead length is automatically
deducted from any distance calculation. The nominal zero point setting for VF Unit: The velocity factor (VF) can be displayed as a ratio of pulse
the standard test leads is 20 ns, however to zero non standard test leads speed to the speed of light, or as a distance per microsecond in either feet
proceed as below: or metres. Refer to the Velocity Factor section for more details.
1 Set the instrument measurement range to 50metres. Distance Unit: The distance to cursor measurement can be displayed in
metres [m], feet [ft] or in time, eg [ns].
2 Enter the MENU (key 13)
50/60Hz Filter: If ON, a power supply frequency filter is switched on.
3 Set the Distance Units to ns.
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OPERATION
To install or replace the cells, switch the instrument off. Disconnect the A sixth language is ‘user definable’ and can be uploaded from the
test leads, loosen the battery cover retaining screws and remove the cover. Tracemaster CD.
Lift out and disconnect the battery holder. Replace the cells, ensuring that
Uploading languages
correct polarity is observed (shown on the battery holder).
In Tracemaster:
Incorrect battery cell polarity can cause electrolyte leakage resulting in
■ Select UPLOAD LANGUAGE FILE from the OPTIONS menu
damage to the instrument
■ Select a language and press OPEN.
Refitting the battery holder is the reverse of removing it.
On the instrument:
For TDR2000/2R, TDR2000/2RM and TDR2000/2P
■ Connect the communication lead from the serial connector of
When the battery low symbol appears, switch off the unit. the TDR/CFL to the serial port of the PC.
Connect the Battery charger to the TDR charger socket. Switch on the ■ Switch on the TDR2000/2
Charger. Allow 14 hours to fully charge the TDR2000/2R.
■ Press UPLOAD/DOWNLOAD key
The selected language should now transfer to the TDR2000/2.
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Switch on the instrument. The TDR2000/2 will display the Megger logo for cursor to the start of the first reflection. To position the cursor more
a few seconds, followed by a trace. Set an appropriate RANGE and Velocity accurately, press the ZOOM key (6) to zoom into the current cursor
Factor (keys 11 and 4) for the cable to be tested. Refer to ‘Velocity factor’ position. The cursor is now fixed and using the cursor keys, the trace will
later. move relative to that point. The current zoom location with respect to the
whole trace range is shown at the top of the display. The distance is then
Connection to Cable Under Test
directly read from the display.
Connect the test lead to the cable under test. Connection may be made to
a live system with a voltage to earth (ground) less than 300 V with an Notes
installation (over voltage) category of III or lower. This means that the Cursor: All distance measurements are made to the vertical cursor. By
instrument may be connected to any fixed wiring of a building installation, moving the cursor left or right the distance displayed will increase or
but not to primary supply circuits such as overhead cables. A Fused Lead decrease.
Set must be used to connect to energised live systems. Refer to the
Dual cursor: Enabled by pressing the SHIFT and CURSOR LEFT key or
accessories section for options.
SHIFT and CURSOR RIGHT keys. In dual cursor mode, the distance to the
Measuring distance to fault active cursor is displayed together with the difference between the two
cursors.
The Find key searches for the furthest major change of impedance.
If no significant reflections can be seen use the “Tx Null” adjustment to
This may be a fault or the end of the cable if this is a short or open circuit.
minimise the effect of the output pulse on any potential “near end” faults.
When found the event is displayed and the cursor placed on the leading (If no reflections can be seen, try shorting (or earthing) the far end of the
edge. The gain, zoom and cursor position may need to be adjusted for cable to ensure that you are “seeing” the whole length of the cable. )
accurate measurement. Note that Find does not adjust the Tx Null or
The distance to the fault can then be directly read from the display.
Velocity Factor.
NOTE: The distance calculation is performed using the velocity factor
Ensure that the total length of the cable can be seen on the display, and
(VF) set in the TDR. If this velocity factor is not correct for the cable under
that the range selected is correct.
test, the displayed distance will be incorrect.
To enable ‘difficult to see’ faults (small reflection) to be identified, the gain
of the instrument can be adjusted, key (9). With the gain at minimum
small changes of cable impedance may be overlooked. by increasing the
gain the fault becomes more obvious. Adjust the gain until all major
reflections can be easily identified.
Using the CURSOR LEFT and CURSOR RIGHT keys (1 and 3) move the
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Below are shown two typical trace displays. The left trace shows an open
circuit at 1.200 km away; the second, a short circuit at 1.200 km away.
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INSTRUMENT FEATURES
Tx Null If the velocity factor of the cable under test (C.U.T) is not known, it may
Without the “Tx Null” control, the transmitted pulse would be visible at be accurately established by:
the beginning of the trace, swamping any reflections within the pulse
■ Testing a known length of cable, locate the reflection for the end
length (the dead zone). The ‘Tx Null’ circuit matches the characteristic
of the cable on the display. Use the shortest possible range setting.
impedance of the cable under test to produce an equivalent pulse.
Subtracting this equivalent pulse from the transmitted pulse effectively ■ Use the ZOOM button to accurately position the distance cursor.
removes the dead zone from the display and allows “near end” reflections ■ Adjust the velocity factor of the TDR using the VF key (4) until the
to be seen. TDR displays the correct length of cable.
■ Make a note the VF value for future reference.
The table of velocity factors in the HELP pages of the instrument is a
rough guide and in practice, the settings are subject to many variable
factors. By using the previous procedure on a known length of cable, a
more accurate VF can be established.
No Tx Null Adjusted Tx Null The measurement of the distance to the fault can now be made with more
confidence that the measurement will be correct. The ability of the
instrument to accurately measure the distance to a cable feature relies on
NOTE: In some cases, it will be impossible to completely null the the velocity factor being correct, any errors in the velocity factor are
transmitted pulse. directly proportional to distance measurement errors. Hence, the
instrument uses the velocity factor to three decimal places to reduce any
Alternatively, using the L1-L2 mode, where L2 is connected to a known
errors.
good length of the cable under test, L2 is used instead of the balancing
circuit to automatically null the transmitted pulse. In this case only the Pulse Widths
difference between the good line and the bad line will be displayed. As the RANGE of the TDR is adjusted (Key 11) so the duration of the
transmitted pulse changes. Each of the instrument ranges has a default
Velocity Factor
pulse width. The pulse widths vary from 7 ns to 16 µs. The greater the
The velocity factor is used by the instrument to convert the measured time
range set on the TDR, the wider the transmitted pulse.
for a pulse to be reflected, into a distance. It can be displayed as a ratio of
the speed of light (eg 0.660 = 66% of the speed of light), or as a distance At short range, a short pulse width will have good resolution. As the test
per microsecond in ft/us or m/us. range increases, cable attenuation prevents distant faults from being seen.
The default pulse width can be changed. To change the pulse default
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width, refer to the menu section of this user guide. the GAIN key (9).
Pulse Height A recalled trace can be compared with L1 by pressing the MODE key. Press
Three pulse height options are available: 3V, 5V and 14V pk-pk, although SHIFT and MODE together to switch between displaying L1&M and L1-M.
14V pulses are not available when the instrument test range is less than The range, gain and pulse width are recalled and automatically set to the
400m. By increasing the pulse height the displayed reflections are larger stored values, and it will not be possible to change these when showing a
hence easier to identify. However, large pulse heights may ‘skip’ faults, stored trace. However, the cursor can be re-positioned, ZOOM mode
especially those close to the instrument. selected and the velocity factor changed so that full analysis of the stored
trace may be made.
Trace Storage (M1 to M15)
The TDR2000/2 has 15 memory locations, which can be used to save To exit trace recall mode press the SAVE key.
traces. These may be stored for future analysis or downloaded to the
Downloading to a PC
TRACEMASTER software for analysis on a PC. Each memory location stores
To download the stored trace to a PC, connect the TDR2000/2 to the PC
the graphical trace along with the test parameters, gain, range and mode
using the null modem download lead, supplied with the instrument.
settings.
To set the instrument to data transfer mode, hold down the SHIFT key
Saving a trace
(10) and press the PC key (14). The TDR2000/2 is ready to send or receive
With the desired trace visible on the display, hold down the SHIFT key
data.
together with the SAVE key.
Run TRACEMASTER on the computer and set to receive data (refer to your
The display should display a memory location in the top left corner of the
Tracemaster help file for full details). All stored traces will be copied to the
screen and ‘SAVE MODE’. Press SHIFT and SAVE.
computer. The stored trace can be annotated and kept on file for future
With the extensive dual trace and difference modes available to the reference.
TDR2000/2, memory locations can be used as comparisons for live traces.
This is useful if the known good cores that would normally be used in the
L1-L2 mode are two far away from the C.U.T. Instead, a memory trace of a
known good cable can be compared against the C.U.T.
Recalling a trace
From any of the display modes L1, L2, L1&L2, etc, press the SAVE key. The
instrument will display the trace in memory location M1 or other
previously selected location. The range and gain settings are also recalled.
If the route is unknown, tracing it may also give you an indication of any
third party damage – however this in itself can be misleading!
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Other than replacing the batteries, the instrument has no user serviceable Except where otherwise stated, this specification applies at an ambient
parts. In the event of failure the instrument should be returned to your temperature of 20°C.
supplier or an approved Megger repair agent. General
Ranges: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 1 km, 2 km,
Cleaning the instrument should only be done by wiping with a clean cloth
4km, 8 km, 16 km, (150 ft, 300 ft, 600 ft,
dampened with soapy water or Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA). 1200 ft, 3000 ft, 6000 ft, 12000 ft, 24000 ft,
48000 ft)
Resolution: 0.1 m (4 inches) up to 200 m/600 ft
0.2 m up to 400 m/1200 ft
0.1% of range above 400 m/1200 ft
Measurement Accuracy: 0.1% of Range
[Note – The measurement accuracy is for the indicated cursor position
only and is conditional on the velocity factor being correct]
Input Impedance: 120 Ω
Input Protection: 300 V CATIII working. (415 V phase to
Phase)
Output Pulse Amplitude: Nominal 3 V, 5 V and 14 Vpk to pk
into an open circuit
Pulse width user selectable:
50 m range: 7 ns 20 ns 40 ns 60 ns 80 ns
100 m range: 7 ns 40 ns 60 ns 80 ns 100 ns
200 m ranges: 7 ns 40 ns 80 ns 140 ns 200 ns
400 m range: 40 ns 80 ns 160 ns 200 ns 400 ns
1 km range: 80 ns 160 ns 260 ns 500 ns 1s
2 km range: 160 ns 260 ns 500 ns 1 µs 2 µs
4 km range: 240 ns 500 ns 1 µs 2 µs 4 µs
8 km range: 500 ns 1 µs 2 µs 4 µs 8 µs
16 km range: 1 µs 2 µs 4 µs 8 µs 16 s
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ACCESSORIES
Humidity
<95% at +40°C non-condensing Optional Accessories
Fused lead set (see note 1) 6111-218
UK Version 6121-548
USA 6121-539
European 6121-605
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The instrument contains static sensitive devices, and care must be taken in Approved Repair Companies
handling the printed circuit board. If an instrument’s protection has been A number of independent instrument repair companies have been
impaired it should not be used, but sent for repair by suitably trained and authorised for repair work on most Megger instruments, using genuine
qualified personnel. Megger spare parts. Consult the Appointed Distributor/Agent regarding
spare parts, repair facilities, and advice on the best course of action to
The protection is likely to be impaired if for example; it shows visible
take.
damage; fails to perform the intended measurements; has been subjected
to prolonged storage under unfavourable conditions, or has been
subjected to severe transport stresses. Returning an Instrument for Repair
If returning an instrument to the manufacturer for repair, it should be sent
freight pre-paid to the appropriate address. A copy of the invoice and of
NEW INSTRUMENTS ARE GUARANTEED FOR 3 YEARS FROM the packing note should be sent simultaneously by airmail to expedite
THE DATE OF PURCHASE BY THE USER. clearance through Customs. A repair estimate showing freight return and
other charges will be submitted to the sender, if required, before work on
the instrument commences.
NOTE: Any unauthorized prior repair or adjustment will automatically
invalidate the Warranty.
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