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l6 Types of Sampling

The document discusses different types of sampling in digital communications, including ideal, natural, and flat-top sampling. Each type is defined with mathematical representations and practical implications for signal processing. A comparison table highlights the pulse shapes, usage, and remarks for each sampling type.

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17 views4 pages

l6 Types of Sampling

The document discusses different types of sampling in digital communications, including ideal, natural, and flat-top sampling. Each type is defined with mathematical representations and practical implications for signal processing. A comparison table highlights the pulse shapes, usage, and remarks for each sampling type.

Uploaded by

haatbesaale
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of Sampling in Digital Communications

Dr. Abhijit Banerjee

1 Introduction
Sampling is the process of converting a continuous-time signal into a discrete-time signal.
It is a foundational step in digital communication systems. This process involves measuring
the amplitude of a signal at uniform intervals, making it suitable for further quantization
and encoding. The type of sampling used significantly impacts the signal quality and system
performance.
To understand sampling intuitively, consider a real-world analog message signal like a
sine wave, which varies smoothly over time. Our objective is to capture the essence of this
signal using a series of measurements taken at regular time intervals.

Original Message Signal

x(t)

Message Signal

2 Ideal Sampling (Impulse Sampling)


Ideal sampling refers to the multiplication of a continuous-time signal with an impulse train
consisting of Dirac delta functions spaced by sampling period Ts .

Mathematical Representation
∞
X
xs (t) = x(t) · δ(t − nTs )
n=−∞

1
Derivation
Using the sifting property of the Dirac delta function:
∞
X
xs (t) = x(nTs )δ(t − nTs )
n=−∞

This indicates that the sampled signal consists of impulses located at t = nTs , with ampli-
tudes equal to x(nTs ).

Diagram with Message Signal and Sampled Impulses

xs (t)

3 Natural Sampling
Natural sampling involves multiplying the input signal with a periodic rectangular pulse
train of width τ . It approximates real-world behavior where sampling occurs during a finite
aperture.

Mathematical Representation
xs (t) = x(t) · pT (t)
Where: ∞  
X t − nTs
pT (t) = rect
n=−∞
τ
Thus: ∞  
X t − nTs
xs (t) = x(t) · rect
n=−∞
τ

2
Diagram

xs (t)

4 Flat-Top Sampling (Practical Sampling)


Flat-top sampling employs a sample-and-hold approach. The signal is sampled at discrete
intervals and held constant for a duration τ , making it suitable for ADCs.

Mathematical Representation
∞  
X t − nTs
xs (t) = x(nTs ) · rect
n=−∞
τ

Derivation
Each sample is held at a constant value x(nTs ) over the interval τ , simulating the behavior
of practical circuits.

Diagram

xs (t)

5 Comparison Table

3
Type Pulse Shape Usage Remarks
Ideal Sampling Dirac Delta Theoretical Analysis Non-physical
Natural Sampling Rectangular (non-flat) Modulation Systems Time-varying top
Flat-Top Sampling Rectangular (flat) ADCs and Digital Systems Sample-and-hold hardware

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