PROJECT ENGINEERING
B.E. CIVIL ENGINEERING
LECTURE SLIDES
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
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TO PROJECT &PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
CONTENT
Definition of Project, Its characteristics and example of project.
Classification of Project
Project Objective and Goal
Project Life cycle phases
Project Environment
Introduction to Project Management
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WHAT IS PROJECT?
A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a
unique product, service, or result. It involves a set of
planned activities, with specific goals and objectives, that
are executed within a defined timeline and allocated
resources. Projects are typically designed to bring about a
change or achieve a specific outcome and are distinct from
ongoing operational activities.
It is a process of working together to achieve a goal; 3
during the process, projects pass through several distinct
phases called project life cycle.
DEFINITION OF PROJECT
A project is defined as a temporary endeavor undertaken to
create a unique product or service.- Project Management
Body of Knowledge (PMBoK)
A project can be defined as a unique task (however
large or small) with defined goal, limited in cost and
time and giving some benefits to the users when the
task is completed.”- S.K. Bhattacharjee
Project is a combination of human and non-human
resources pulled together into a temporary
organization to achieve a specific purpose. - Clealand
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and King
DEFINITION OF PROJECT
“A one-shot, time limited, goal oriented, major
undertaking, requiring the commitment of varied
skills and resources. It is the combination of human and
non-human resources pulled together into a temporary
organization to achieve a specific purpose.”-The project
Management Institute in USA
A project is a time bound activity designed to
achieve a specific goal through planning, controlling
and temporary organization to create a product,
service or achieve specific objective by overcoming
time and resource constraints.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A PROJECT
Temporary
Specific goal or objectives
Constraints
Unique
Specific task not routinely performed
Rapid expenditure
Resource consumption
Risk and uncertainties
Team work
Planning and control
Contracting and subcontracting
Progressive elaboration
EXAMPLES OF PROJECT
Construction project (building, road, hydropower)
Introduction of new products.
Producing movie, television series
Writing a book, thesis.
Publishing newspaper, magazine
Running a campaign for political parties.
Awareness campaign.
Developing new information system.
Conducting training and capacity development packages.
CLASSIFICATION OF PROJECT
Some of the commonly used project classification methodologies:
1. Project Size: small, medium, or large.
This classification is based on factors such as the budget, team size, and
project duration.
2. Project Complexity: simple, moderate, or complex.
This classification is based on factors such as the number of stakeholders, the
number of deliverables, and the level of technical difficulty.
3. Project Type: R & D, construction, or software development.
This classification is based on the nature of the project and the industry it
belongs to.
4. Project Life Cycle: Initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and control,
and closure.
This classification is based on the phase of the project and the activities
involved.
4. Project Management Approach: Based on the project management approach
used, such as agile, waterfall, or hybrid.
This classification is based on the methodology used to manage the project.
PROJECT OBJECTIVES AND GOALS
Objectives are specific, measurable, and time-bound
statements that define the tangible outcomes of a project,
while goals are broader statements that describe the overall
purpose or intention behind the project. Both objectives
and goals play a crucial role in guiding project planning,
decision-making, and evaluating project success.
Objectives are typically focused on the project's
deliverables, outcomes, and impacts.
Goals are often more qualitative and may not be as
specific or measurable as objectives.
PROJECT OBJECTIVES AND GOALS
(SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES)
Similarities:
• Both define the purpose and direction of the project.
• Both are used to measure the success of the project.
• Both are used to communicate the expectations of the project to
stakeholders.
Differences:
• Project goals are general statements of what the project is trying to
achieve. They are broader in scope and are less specific than project
objectives.
• Project objectives are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and
time-bound (SMART) statements that define the specific outcomes that
the project is expected to achieve.
Goals are more abstract and subjective, whereas objectives are concrete
and measurable.
Goals are often used to inspire and motivate team members, whereas
objectives are used to guide and measure progress.
In summary, they differ in their level of specificity and
measurability.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
A dynamic process that utilizes the appropriate Resources of the
organization in a controlled and structured manner, to achieve some
clearly defined objectives identified as needs.
It is always conducted within a defined set of constraints.
Project Management is the application of skills, knowledge, tools
and techniques to meet the needs and expectations of Stakeholders
for a project. 11
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Project management is the discipline of organizing and managing
resources in such a way that the project is completed within
defined scope, quality, time and cost. It should be unique and
Temporary.
Project management is “the application of knowledge, skills, tools
and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements ”
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Importance of project management
Enables us to map out a course of action or work plan
Helps us to think systematically and thoroughly and
logically.
Unique Task, Specific Objective
Mobilization of Variety of Resources
Time bound
Knowledge about Activity based costing
Easy and early identification of Bottlenecks
Identification and addition of missing and new activities
Preempting unnecessary activity/expenditure
Assigning tasks
Reporting
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Importance of project management
Better control of financial, physical, and human resources
Improved customer relations
Better internal coordination
Higher worker morale (less stress)
Satisfaction to stakeholders
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Success of project
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Project Success
1. Definition of Project objectives
2. Risk/ Uncertainty /Constraints
3. Early decision
4. Time and Money
5. Project Planning
6. Emergencies and urgency
7. A committed project team
8. Representation in decision
9. Communication
10.The promoter and leader
11.Delegation of authority
12.Changes to responsibilities
13.Project scope & plan
14.Control strategy
15.Reasons for decision
16.Using past experience
17.Adapting external changes
18.Induction , team building , counselling and Training
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Project Environment
• Refers to the internal and external factors that affect a
project's success, including the people involved,
resources available, organizational culture,
technology used, political climate and economic
conditions.
Internal factors
include aspects like organizational structure, policies &
procedures for managing projects within an
organization.
The availability of skilled personnel with relevant
expertise in different domains also plays a crucial role in20
the project environment.
External factors
such as market competition ,regulatory norms &
compliance requirements ,Technological advancements.
Effective management requires teams to keep track of both
internal and external environments throughout the lifecycle
of any given project.
Project Environment is critical in determining how successful
a team can deliver its objectives based on various influencing
factors identified during initiation phase itself ensuring
effective risk mitigation planning & implementation at all
stages from inception till closure. Hence continuous
monitoring becomes key factor towards achieving successful
outcomes meeting stakeholders expectations. 21
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Project Life Cycle
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Project Life Cycle
• The Project Management Life Cycle has four phases: Initiation, Planning,
Execution and Closure
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