LECTURE PLTS: 3.

If the 1s complement of 1000 0010 is 0111

1101, and the 2s complement of 1000 0010 is
LEC_01
0111 1110.
TRUE 1. Digital Circuits are greatly affected
What is the 9s complement of (12) base 10?
by noise and interference.
Answer: 87
TRUE 2. The information Storage in Digital
Systems is easier. 4. Determine the base of the numbers in each
case for the following operations to be
FALSE 3. Programming sets of line
correct:
instructions in Analog Systems are way
simpler. 24 + 17 = 40
FALSE 4. Inductors and Transformers are Answer: 10
easily fabricated on IC chips.
5. Determine the base of the numbers in each
TRUE 5. Accuracy and precision in Analog case for the following operations to be
Systems are lesser compared to Digital correct:
counterparts.
6. Determine the base of the numbers in each
6. What is the binary equivalent of (420) base case for the following operations to be
10? 0001 1010 0100 or 000110100100 correct:
7. What is the binary equivalent of (72) base 14 / 2 = 5
10? 01001000 or 01001000
Answer: 8
8. Which of the choices is equivalent of (746)
7. Given the combinational logic circuit
base 8? 486 (base-10), 1E6 (base-16), 0001
diagram below, find the binary digits on its
1110 0110 (base-2)
output (LSB -> MSB):
9. Which of the choices is equivalent of (777)
base 8? 1FF (base-16), 511 (base-10),
000111111111 (base-2)

LEC_02
1. If the 1s complement of 1000 0010 is 0111
1101, and the 2s complement of 1000 0010 is
0111 1110.
What is the 10s complement of (4) base 10?
Answer: 6
2. If the 1s complement of 1000 0010 is 0111
1101, and the 2s complement of 1000 0010 is
0111 1110. Answers: 1010 1000 or 10101000

What is the 9s complement of (7) base 10?

Answer: 2
7. Given the combinational logic circuit
diagram below, find the binary digits on its
output (LSB -> MSB):

Answer: False
3. Given the combinational logic circuit
below. What will be the output if A=0, B =0,
C=1 ?
True = 1 = High
False = 0 = Low

Answer: False
Answers: 1000 0000 or 10000000 4. Given the 5-input XNOR gate below. What
will be the output if

LEC_03 A= 0
B= 1
1. Given the combinational logic circuit C= 1
below. What will be the output if A=0, B =0, D= 0
C=0? E= 0
Condition: If the no. of xnor inputs is even,
then, <even = 1; odd=0>. If the no. xnor
inputs is odd, then, <even = 0; odd=1>.
Answer: True
5. Given the 5-input XNOR gate below. What
True = 1 = High will be the output if

False = 2 = Low A=0

B=0
Answer: False C=0
D=0
2. Given the combinational logic circuit
E=1
below. What will be the output if A=1, B =1,
C=0?
Answer: False
True = 1 = High
False = 0 = Low
6. Given the 5-input XNOR gate below. What LEC_04
will be the output if
K-Mapping
A= 1 SOP and POS
B= 0
C= 0
D= 0
E= 0

Answer: False

Simplifying Boolean Expressions to its most

basic forms:

a.
Answer: EF + CD + AB
AB + CD + EF
b.

Answer: A'B' + A'C' + D'E' + D'F'

c.
Answer: z = A' + B' + C
d.

Answer: t = AC' + B'D

LEC_05
1. Based from the Parity Generator lecture,
which group of bits should be inserted to
make the packets in Even Parity.
1 0 _ _ 0 0 1 1 _ _ 1 0 1 0 _ _ 0 1 _ _
0 0 0 1
Condition: It’s considered even parity if the
no. of 1s is even.
Answers:
ENCODERS: (6*10)+(12*4)+(52*2)+(20*8) = 372
Given the truth table and input sequence in
the 5x3 Encoder below. What will be the
output bit stream on Out1? Out2? Out3?
CONDITION:
Bit: A single, bivalent unit of binary notation.
Equivalent to a decimal “digit.”
Crumb, Tydbit, or Tayste: Two bits.
Nibble, or Nybble: Four bits.
Nickle: Five bits.
Byte: Eight bits.
Deckle: Ten bits.
Playte: Sixteen bits.
Out 1 = 11101
Dynner: Thirty-two bits.
Out 2 = 10011
Word: (system dependent).
Out 3 = 10011
*Check time diagram vertically.
*Cross-check to truth table. 3. For a computer system using a 64 bit width
*Get output and write it vertically (per data path, how many number of a bits will this
column). computer process if it will undergo a
combination of 14 Tydbits, 26 Playtes, 13
Bytes and 3 Words.
PRELIM EXAM:
Answer: 740
1. In more than 50 words. Explain the output
values of a 3-input XOR Gate.
Answer: The multiple 3 input XOR gates can 4. What is the binary equivalent of (420) base
have a variety of outputs depending on the 10?
combination of its inputs. But mostly, it relies Answers: 000110100100 or 0001 1010 0100
on how many 1s are there in the inputs. To
get the outputs easily, one must remember
that an even number of 1s in the input, will 5. Determine the base of the numbers in each
result to an output of 0 or 'low'; while an odd case for the following operations to be
number of 1s in the input, will result to an correct:
output of 1 or 'high'.
54 / 4 = 13
2. How many number of bits will there be for a
combination of 6 Deckles, 12 Nibbles, 52 Answers: 8
Tydbits, and 20 Bytes?
Answer:
6. The state of a 12-bit register is
100010010111. What ARE the equivalent
conversions?
MIDTERM EXAM:
Answers: 3 decimal digits in BCD: 897 or
Binary Number to Decimal: 2199 or 3 decimal 1. Inductors and Transformers are easily
digits in excess -3 code: 564 fabricated on IC Chips. TRUE
2. Programmed Operations in Analog
Systems are way simpler. FALSE
7. Express the Decimal Number 6248 to its
equivalent conversions: 3. Digital Circuits are greatly affected by noise
and interference. FALSE
Answers:
4. The world we are living is primarily digital.
Excess +3 Code: 1001010101111011
FALSE
5421 Code; 1001001001001011
5. Digital Systems are more complex to
BCD: 0110001001001000 design. FALSE
6. Accuracy and precision in Analog Systems
are lesser compared to Digital counterparts.
8. Given the combinational logic circuit
TRUE
diagram below, find the binary digits on its
output (LSB -> MSB): 7. The Information Storage in Digital Systems
is easier. TRUE
8. The decimal system is a Positional-Value
System, meaning the value of a digit depends
on its position. TRUE
9. The decimal system is considered as the
most convenient numerical system in the
implementation of digital systems. FALSE
10. Fluctuations in voltages and signals are
still as critical in digital systems compared to
analog systems. TRUE

Answer: 00000000 or 0000 0000

11. Given the combinational logic circuit 13. Given the combinational logic circuit
diagram below, find the binary digits on its below. Explain in less than 100 words, what
output (LSB -> MSB): will be the output if A=1, B =1, C=1?
True = 1 = High
False = 0 = Low

Answer: The final output of the

combinational logic circuit above is TRUE (1 =
High). The boolean expression of the circuit
above is (A+B)(B'+C). This can be further
simplified using distribution, complement,
and identity laws, thus the simplified boolean
expression will be AB'+BC. When this
simplified boolean expression is evaluated
with the given inputs above, it will be
Answer: 00000000 or 0000 0000
(1*0)+(1*1), which is equal to 1 or logic high.
12. Given the combinational logic circuit
diagram below, find the binary digits on its
output (LSB -> MSB): 14. Given the 5-input XNOR gate below.
Explain in less than 100 words. What will be
the output if
A= 1
B= 1
C= 0
D= 0
E=0
Answer: Since the number of inputs in this
XNOR gate is odd, the conditions for the
ouputs will be as follows: Even no. of inputs =
0 or logic low, Odd no. of inputs = 1 or logic
high.
With the conditions and given inputs above,
the result of this 5-input XNOR gate will be 0
Answers: 1000 0000 or 10000000 (False/Low).