GIS DATABASE
(MGIS 150)
Dr. Nurul Amirah Binti Isa
Contact number: 011-14803732
Email: drnurulamirah@geomatika.edu.my
Overview of GIS database
CONTENT
and its applications
Introduction to spatial
data types
Spatial data modeling
concepts
GIS software and tools
What is a Spatial
Database System
• A spatial database system is
a database system.
• It offers spatial data types
(SDTs) in its data model and
query language.
• It supports spatial data
types in its implementation,
providing at least spatial
indexing and efficient
algorithms for spatial join.
What needs to be represented
Objects in space: We
Space: We wish to
are interested in
describe space itself,
distinct entities
that is, say something
arranged in space each
about every point in
of which has its own
space
geometric description.
Representation of
Spatial Database
What is Spatial Data?
• Definition: Spatial data
refers to data that has a
geographic or spatial
component, linking
information to a specific
location on the Earth's
surface.
Type of Spatial Data
Points, Lines, Polygons
Vector Data Examples: Cities (points), Roads (lines), Parcels
(polygons)
Grids of Cells
Raster Data Examples: Satellite Imagery, Elevation Models
Non-spatial information linked to spatial data
Attribute Data Examples: Population, Temperature, Land Use
Point
Vector Data • Singular location
• Example: GPS Coordinates, city
centers, point of interests
Lines
• Connects two or more points
• Example: Roads, rivers
Polygon
• Closed areas with define
boundaries
• Examples: Countries, Parks
Grid Divided into
structure cells
Raster Data Example:
Satellite
Each cell has image,
value Digital
Elevation
Model (DEM)
Attribute Data
Definition: Non-spatial information linked to
spatial data.
Always presented in tables (attribute table)
Examples: Population of Cities, Temperature
of Locations, Land Use Types
Introduction to Spatial Data Modelling
Definition: Spatial data
modeling involves
creating a simplified Spatial data models form
representation of the the foundation of
real world to facilitate Geographic Information
analysis, decision- Systems (GIS).
making, and
visualization.
Vector Data Models:
Type of Spatial • Based on geometric primitives like
points, lines, and polygons.
• Enables precise representation of
Data Models
features and their spatial
relationships.
Raster Data Models:
• Organized as a grid of cells, each
representing a value.
• Suitable for continuous phenomena like
elevation or temperature.
Hybrid Data Models:
• Combines elements of both vector and
raster models.
• Offers flexibility for various types of
spatial data.
Topology:
Defines spatial
relationships
between geometric
elements.
Attributes:
Non-spatial
Key Concept
information
associated with
spatial features.
of Spatial
Spatial
Operations:
Analytical processes Data Modeling
applied to spatial
data.
Definition: GIS
software
Introduction to facilitates the
creation,
analysis, and
GIS Software visualization
of geographic
information.
Purpose: Manage
and interpret
spatial data to
solve complex
problems and
make informed
decisions.
Spatial Analysis:
• Perform complex analyses on
spatial data.
Data Visualization:
• Create maps and visually
Key Features of represent data.
Data Integration:
GIS Software
• Combine data from various
sources.
Database Management:
• Store and manage spatial and
attribute data.
Popular GIS Software and Tools
• Market leader with comprehensive tools
ArcGIS by Esri: for mapping and spatial analysis.
QGIS (Quantum • Open-source GIS software with a robust
GIS): set of features.
Google Earth • Cloud-based platform for planetary-
Engine: scale environmental data analysis.
• Open-source software for geospatial
GRASS GIS: data management and analysis.
Choosing GIS Software
• Project • Comparison of • Evaluate the
requirements, proprietary scalability
budget, user and open- of the
expertise. source software for
options. future needs.
ArcGIS vs.
Considerations: Scalability:
QGIS:
RECAP
